explorando el financiamiento y mrv hacia la...
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Explorando el Financiamiento y MRV hacia la Integración entre Mitigación y Adaptación en las
Políticas Climáticas
Financiamiento de Mitigación y Adaptación: Mecanismos y Tendencias
Global Landscape of Climate Finance
http://www.climatefinancelandscape.org/
Financiamiento para el cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe
http://repositorio.cepal.org/
392
27
Flujos de Financiamiento Climático (MMM$) (2014)
Inversión Global en CC Inversión CC en LAC
493
Subsidios (MMM$) (2014)
Subsidios a comb fósiles
NDCs a 2030 requieren 13,500 mmm. Si se mantiene este nivel, harían falta 34 años de financiamiento para lograr las metas NDCs Solamente quedan 14 años
39%
61%
Inversión global (%)
Sector público
Sector privado
81%
19%
Inversión LAC (%)
Sector público
Sector privado
1%
35%
56%
8%
Inversión LAC fondos públicos (%)
Fondos climaticos
Bancos multilaterales
Bancos de desarrollonacionales
Otros recursos nacionales
364
27
Inversión mitigación-adaptación (b$)
Mitigación Adaptación
74%
26%
Flujo de la inversión pública (%)
Inversión doméstica Inversión internacional
91%
9%
Flujo de la inversión privada (%)
Inversión doméstica Inversión internacional
¿Qué puede hacer y está haciendo el PNUD hacia la integración de mitigación y adaptación?
CAMBIO CLIMATIVO ES PARTE DEL DESARROLLO • "Mitigating and adapting to climate
change is entirely compatible with pursuing development. The right mix of policies, skills, and incentives can influence behaviour and encourage investments in climate-friendly businesses and activities. Thereby, we can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and generate new economic opportunities and jobs."
Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator
PORTAFOLIO CLIMATICO DEL PNUD
Estructura interna
Diferentes perfiles de experticia
Enfoque de proyecto vs enfoque integral
Tradicional separación de temas en en seno de la Convención
“Cultura” de separación
Ventanas de financiamiento separadas
BARRERAS A LA INTEGRACION
RESTRUCTURACION DEL PNUD BUREAU FOR
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
BUREAU FOR CRISIS
PREVENTION & RECOVERY
Climate Change mitigation and adaptation
Natural Disaster Resilience
BUREAU FOR POLICY AND PROGRAMME
SUPPORT
Cluster C: Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction
Gestión sostenible de los bienes y
servicios ecosistémicos
Escalamiento de la adaptación y
mitigación del CC
Servicios energéticos sostenibles, asequibles y
accesibles
Gobernanza mejorada de las aguas y océanos
Gestión sostenible de químicos y
desechos
UNDP Oficina País
Comunicaciones Nacionales & BURs
NAMAS
NAPs & NAPAs
NDC & LEDS
Proyectos de acción climática
INTEGRAR ESFUERZOS Y REFORZAR LA ALINEACION CON POLITICAS NACIONALES DE DESARROLLO
ROL CLAVE DE LAS OFICINAS PAIS
• Diálogo politico • Visión integrada – vision país • Sinergias entre Proyecto • Intercambios de experiencias • Metodologías, buenas
practicas, etc
Apoyo a países a identificar vínculos
y oportunidades para el desarrollo de
políticas y programas que vinculen los
compromisos climáticos y los
objetivos de desarrollo nacionales
para transitar hacia un desarrollo de
carbono cero y resiliente al clima.
AGENDA 2030
1 5
End
poverty
Gender
3
Health
4 2
Food
security Education
14 15 13 12 6
Water Climate Oceans Bio
diversity
Cons
&
prod Global
solidarity
17 16
Peace
11 10 9 8 7
Energy Growth Inequality
Cities
Infra-
structure
Sustainable, affordable and
accessible energy services
Improved water and
ocean governance
Sustainable management of ecosystem goods
and services
Sustainable management of chemicals and
waste
Scaling up climate change
adaptation and mitigation
MANDATO PARA TODO PNUD - NO SOLO PARA CAMBIO CLIMATICO -
Apoyo del PNUD
Apoyo a inventarios de GEI
Acciones de Mitigación Nacionalmente Apropiadas (NAMAs)
Estrategias de Desarrollo Bajo en Emisiones (LEDS)
Medición Reporte y Verificación (MRV)
Participación del sector privado en acciones de mitigación
Herramientas de finanzas climáticas
Programa Regional de Cambio Climático para LAC
Programa de Desarrollo de Capacidades para Emisiones Bajas
Apoyo a NDCs
FINANCIAMIENTO CLIMATICO
Financiamiento Público
Financiamiento
Privado
Financiamiento Cooperación Internacional
Assessing & Planning Climate Finance Overview on UNDP Climate Finance Methodologies
CPEIR I&FF
PCEIR DREI
Climate Public Expenditure & Institutional Review
What challenge does the approach address: Identify current amounts of public resources already spent on mitigation.
Key features of methodology: Helps Ministries of Finance, Planning & Environment to gather evidence on
the breadth of climate change related expenditures in their budgets. (MRV)
More information on CPEIR: http://www.aideffectiveness.org/CPEIR
Private Climate Expenditure & Institutional Review
What challenge does the approach address: Identify current amounts of private resources spent on mitigation.
Key features of methodology: Capture a full picture of private financial flows for climate change
mitigation & to support decision making on the use of public funds to incentivize private sector investment.
Methodology: Phase 1 - Scoping. Phase 2 - Data collection & reporting .
More information on the PCEIR: https://undp.unteamworks.org/node/492813
Investment & Financial Flow Analysis (I&FF)
What challenge does the approach address: Costing future investment & financial flows needed to address climate change according to cc strategies or INDC. To implement existing cc strategies and commitments: questions
regarding costs, potential funding sources, implementing entities & timing of investments.
I&FF assessments address these questions, not only to quantify the costs of measures within their INDCs, but also analyze full national investment landscape to determine funding sources, implementation entities, investment timings.
To structure finance efficiently & to budget additional mitigation efforts coherently.
Investment & Financial Flow Analysis (I&FF) :
Engage key ministries & identify key sectors Organize National Inter-Ministerial Dialogue Organize training on I&FF methodology Conduct I&FF assessments: • Project baseline scenario & mitigation/adaptation scenario • Cost scenarios, e.g., information broken down to investment entities,
years, activities • Identify necessary investment changes (mitigation and adaptation) • Develop policy recommendations on necessary changes
Conduct National Inter-Ministerial Dialogue
Download I&FF methodology & support material: http://www.undpcc.org/en/financial-analysis/methodology Download finalized assessments:: http://www.undpcc.org/en/financial-analysis/results
Key messages
• Using various sources of finance will make NDC implementation more efficient
• While the effective participation of the private sector remains a challenge, their role in NDC implementation is critical
• Multilateral funds and public funds can help provide incentives
to attract private finance
• The role of public policy in creating an enabling environment for investment is key to addressing barriers
• Having a good understanding of the financial landscape is essential
Some issues to consider
• Need to develop a funding strategy as part of an NDC implementation plan
• Funding strategy should be addressed in a comprehensive way (considering public funding, private investment, and international support)
• Opportunities for blending different types of finance to unlock investment from private sector (where bulk of finance is)
• Understanding the possible impacts of finance blending on countries’ estimates of NDC implementation costs • E.g., targeted financial instruments that change risk-return ratio
and leverage private investment can decrease finance needs from other sources