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Exploration of Energetic Pathways of Vinyl Hydroperoxides in the Troposphere: Applied to Ozonolysis of SinglePiBond Alkenes and Isoprene Lina Luu and Alexander Weberg

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Page 1: Exploration of Energetic Pathways of Hydroperoxides in the ...discus/muccc/muccc24/MUCCC24-LuuWeber… · Microsoft PowerPoint - Computational Presentation.pptx Author: Kuwata Created

Exploration of Energetic Pathways of Vinyl Hydroperoxides in the Troposphere:Applied to Ozonolysis of Single‐Pi‐Bond Alkenes and Isoprene

Lina Luu and Alexander Weberg

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Hydroxyl Radical in the Atmosphere____________________________

• Most important oxidant in troposphere• Plays key role in initiating oxidation reactions• Responsible for removing trace gases

• Greenhouse gases• Carbon monoxide 

• Most often produced through photolysis of ozone in the presence of water vapor 

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Alkene OzonolysisMechanism to Hydroxyl Radical

“Dark” Hydroxyl Radical Formation Mechanism:

Is there a saddle point in the dissociation of vinyl hydroperoxide (VHP)?

____________________________

CriegeeIntermediate

Vinyl hydroperoxide

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There is a Saddle Point!• Decomposition of VHP:

• Found by Kurten and Donahue using very high‐level computational study 

• MRCISD(4,4)+Q/cc‐pVTZ

Kurten, T.; Donahue, N. M. “MRCISD Studies of Dissociation of Vinylhydroperoxide, CH2CHOOH: There Is a Saddle Point.” J. Phys. Chem. A 2014, 116, 6823‐6830

1. VHP goes through transition structure (IV)2. O—O homolysis forms two moieties, held by hydrogen bond (V)3. Two moieties separate (VI + VII)

____________________________

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____________________________Research Overview

I. Find a smaller yet accurate level of theory and basis set

I. Adding R groups to VHP and exploration of new VHP pathways

I. Exploration of other possible reactions of the VHP formed in Isoprene Ozonolysis

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Finding an Accurate, Smaller Level of Theory

and Basis Set Combination ____________________________• Level of theories:  B3LYP, BP86, M06L, and M062X

• Basis Sets: 6‐31+G(d,p) and aug‐cc‐pVTZ

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Procedure• Isolation of structure III

• Subsequent coordinate scans by increasing O—O bond lengths to find max energy  TS IV

• Additional lengthening coordinate scans to find min. energy  V

• Finding energy for VI + VII

• Important keywords for diradical character• “U” before theory name• guess=mix and scf=xqc in the input file• opt(addredun) for all coordinate scans

____________________________

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Results and…. 

Failure!

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NOT TS IV  TS IV

Not so Rad…

We had been using the wrong structure for TS IV in our theory/basis set analysis, putting us back at square 1!

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BP86/6‐31+G(d,p) Justification____________________________

Our BP86/6‐31+G(d,p) combination gives close results to literature values reported by Kurten and Donahue, so we decided to stay the course and use this level of theory and basis set.

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Scheme C: Formation of and Competing Pathways for VHPs____________________________

Two possible reaction pathways, with resulting structures IX, or VI and VII

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1,4‐Hydrogen Shift of CriegeeIntermediate to Form Vinyl 

Hydroperoxide____________________________

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Adding R Groups to VHP 

• BP86 6‐31+G(d,p)

• R1, R2, and R3 are either H or CH3

• 8 possible combinations

• Calculating zero‐point corrected relative energies with proper scaling factor of 1.007

*Proper scaling factor taken from Computational Chemistry Department at the University of Minnesota, using BP86 6‐31G(d)

____________________________

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1,3‐Hydroxyl Shift 

(Non .OH formation pathway) 

____________________________

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Scheme C Energies with all Possible R Combinations

• Adding more methyl groups, TS more stabilized electron density (few deviations)

• R1 – CH3, difficult to find  possible hydrogen interaction and steric effects

____________________________

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I

IX

VI + VII

V

TS IVTS VIII

III

TS II

III TS IV V VII + VII

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Ozonolysis of Isoprene____________________________

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Ozonolysis of Isoprene____________________________

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TSIV

III

TS II

V

VI + VII

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Ozonolysis of Isoprene____________________________

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I

IX

TS VIII

III

TS II

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Ozonolysis of Isoprene

NOTISOLATED

____________________________

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TS IV

I

III

TS II

XIV

TS XIII

XII

TS XI

V

TS X

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Relative Energy Summary

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TS XI• Acquired this structure 

while trying to scan from V to XII 

• Appears that an H2O molecule is leaving(Bond angle 109°)

• Future research to look into whether or not this is actually viable (seems unlikely)More likely a result of scanning bond distances unrealistically

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Summary

• The BP86/6‐31+G(d,p) theory/basis set combination gives relatively accurate results in a much faster and less demanding manner than the high level computation applied by Kurten and Donahue

• Increasing methyl groups increases stability of molecules (lowers energy), particularly in radical and diradical species– Electron donating groups stabilize radicals

• In isoprene ozonolysis, there is indeed a pathway straight from III to XIV via TS X (previously unconfirmed)

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Future Work

– Check to see if there is a better level of theory/basis set combination that we can use to analyze these reaction pathways

• It should not be too hard to use our existing geometries to then isolate structures using a different combination

– Find transition states we were unable to find (may need larger theory/basis set combination)

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AcknowledgementsProfessor Keith T. Kuwata Professor Rebecca C. Hoye

Dan Yonker (Hope College) 

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References

Kurten, T.; Donahue, N. M. "MRCISD Studies of the Dissociation of Vinylhydroperoxide, CH2CHOOH: There Is a Saddle Point." J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 6823‐6830

Kuwata, K. T.; Hermes, M. R.; Carlson, M. J.; Zogg, C. K. "Computational Studies of the Isomerization and Hydration Reactions of Acetaldehyde Oxide and Methyl Vinyl Carbonyl Oxide." J. Phys. Chem. A 2010, 114, 9192‐9204

Kuwata, K. T.; Templeton, K. L.; Hasson, A. S. "Computational Studies of the Chemistry of Syn Acetaldehyde Oxide." J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 11525‐11532