exploring caves and skylights - nasa · ashley j w, boyd a k, hiesinger h, robinson m s, tran t,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Exploring Caves and Skylights
Red Whittaker
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Why Caves?
• Moderate Temperatures
• Radiation Protection
• Micrometeorite Protection
• Life Search
• Safe Haven
• Resources
• Origins and Geology
• Agenda from L2
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Moon
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Why Robots for Caves? Caves are:
• Unseeable from orbit
• Too risky for humans-first
• Leap of faith for humans before proof of existence, suitability and worthiness
• Economical and Soon
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Skylights
• Holes
• Confirmed on Moon and Mars
• Speculated on Mercury, Venus, and the moons of Jupiter
• Uncertain origin
• One confirmed opening into a cave
• Really new
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Skylights as Game Changers
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Looking under a rim into a Cave
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What’s Tough ?
• Flyover modeling • Apron landing • Descent and access • Power • Mobility • Comm • Modeling • Autonomous Ops
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Technologies
• Complementary flyover and surface modeling
• Exploration under severe communications limitations
• Access to sub-surface caverns
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Flyover Modeling
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Rover Path Planned from Flyover Data
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Rover Only Model
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Hi-Res Flyover and Surface Model Showing Cave Entrance and Descent Route
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3D Spatial Model
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Virtualized Model
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Info
rmat
ion
Cont
ent
Data Stream
10b 1Kb 10Kb 100Kb 1Mb 10Mb 100Mb per second
Ethernet Wireless 802.11 Cave Radio Mesh Radio Multi Mesh
Magnetic Low Power High Power
Digital Photos
Point Clouds Virtual Reality
Digital Video
CCTV
23
Heartbeat
Audio
Low-res Images
Position
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Surface Rover Relays Low Data Rate
From Cave Crawler
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Robot ID: Explorer 4
Robot Status : Good
Battery Voltage: 28.2 volts
Power Draw: 100 watts
Heading: N 85 E ABS
Temp: -10.5 C
March 28, 2017 @ 13:11:08
Excursion #: 2
Mission name: Skylight
Distance completed: 932 m
Distance to go: 200 m
Start time: 12:15:06
GO RETURN
1. Heartbeat - Identification 2. Status - Stopped, On mission, Returning,
Disabled 3. Location, orientation, distance traveled and
route 4. Remaining battery capacity 5. Cross section information 6. Issue command 7. Send last image
Very Low Bandwidth
TURN LEFT
TURN RIGHT
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Experimental Mine Exploration With Minimal Comm
• Data rate during operation is like Morse Code
• Right window is operator model consisting of location, width/height, branching option, status and vital statistics.
• Left window is intermittent snapshot experienced by rover, but inaccessible to operators. Images are stored during cave sortie, then transmitted after return to high-band comm node.
• Route is out-and-back on “P-shaped” route passing 43 possible branches traveling about 600 meters
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Tethered Rappel
Power Communication Strength Abrasion
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NASA Roadmap Infusion
• TA04 Top Technical Challenges include: “Enabling robotic systems to maneuver in a wide range of NASA-relevant environmental, gravitational, surface and subsurface conditions.
• Failed with “Skylight” mission proposal
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Remaining Goals
• Synthesize Skylight, Apron and Cave • Complete flyover/rover fusion sim tech • Perform reduced comm tunnel experiments • Brainstorm Access and Robot Configuration • Propose Phase II
– Relevant robot – End-to-end demonstration
• Evangelize skylight and lava tube exploration
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Questions?
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References “Skylight: Pinpointing Planetary Destinations,” Submitted as NASA
Technology Demonstration Mission, June 2011. Ashley J W, Boyd A K, Hiesinger H, Robinson M S, Tran T, van der Bogert
R V, LROC Science Team (2011) Lunar Caves in Mare Deposits Imaged by the LROC Narrow AngleCamera. First Int. Planetary Caves Workshop, Carlsbad, NM
Ashley J W, Robinson M S, Hawke B R, Boyd A K, Wagner R V, Speyerer E J, Hiesinger H, van der Bogert C H (2011) Lunar Pits: Sublunarean Voids and the Nature of Mare Emplacement. Lunar and Planetary Sci. Conf., The Woodlands, TX
Dubowsky S, Plante JS, and Boston P, Low Cost Micro Exploration Robots for Search and Rescue in Rough Terrain (2006) Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, August 22-24
Boston P J and Dubowsky S, Hopping Microbot Access to Subsurface (Cave) and Rugged Terrain on Mars and Hazardous Extreme Earth Astrobiology Sites (2005) Proceedings of the American Geophysics Union Congress, San Francisco, CA, 5–9 December