export on grapes

A CASE STUDY

ON

EXPORT OF GRAPES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

TO “HAJI AGRO INDUSTRIES PVT LTD.”

Detailed Project On EXPORT TABLE GRAPES

CONTENTS TO BE COVERED IN THE PROJECT REPORT :

SR.NO.

PAGE NO.

1. Aim of the project 42. Methodology used in the Project. 53. Introduction 64. Types of table Grapes 75. Nutritional Facts 86. Significance / Prospects

Changing attitude of MNC's towards agriculture Why grapes Why Fresh fruits- Why not frozen fruits.

9 – 11

7. Emergence of Grapes as a crop in India & its domestic scenario 128. Company Profile of the major table grapes exporter of India

- HAJI AGRO INDUSTRIES PVT LTD Company Profile Product details Varieties Areas of raw material supply Processing Methods Types of freezing containers used.

13-16

9. Norms for Table Grapes export in accordance with CODEX ALIMENTARIUS

10. Government Assistance for export of table Grapes 2311. Export Procedure 24-3112. Export Pricing and Costing & Export Standards 32-3413. Major Markets for table Grapes 35-3714. Trends of GRAPES 3815. Export in UNITED KINDOM MARKET 39-4016. SWOT Analysis of export of table Grapes 41-4217. Conclusion 4318. Bibliography 44

1


INDEX OF THE TABLES & GRAPHS

Serial No. Particulars Page No.

1. Nutritional Fact table 7

2. Overview of the global market 11

3. Areas of grapes collection for export 16

4. Logistic Movement 34

5. Export trend of table grapes 48

2


AIM OF THE PROJECT REPORT

3

1. To have a general overview about grapes, its types, emergence of grapes as a crop in India & its current Domestic scenario.

1. To have a general overview about grapes, its types, emergence of grapes as a crop in India & its current Domestic scenario.

2. While our detailed focus will be on export of Table Grapes its entire export procedure & covering all aspects related to it.

2. While our detailed focus will be on export of Table Grapes its entire export procedure & covering all aspects related to it.

3. We will also study overview of major export markets for Grapes & to choose best suited among them.

3. We will also study overview of major export markets for Grapes & to choose best suited among them.


METHODOLOGY USED IN THE PROJECT

Since project is related to exports of farm produce i.e. Table Grapes, field visits

played very crucial role.

4

PRIMARY DATA

Met with Mr GOHAR KOKNI owner of HAJI AGRO INDUSTRIES NASHIK who gave information about his Company & grapes fieldsVisit to his Grapes farm present in Gowardhan village Nashik itself helped to get information & apt idea about Grapes as a crop & how it is cultivated.

PRIMARY DATA

Met with Mr GOHAR KOKNI owner of HAJI AGRO INDUSTRIES NASHIK who gave information about his Company & grapes fieldsVisit to his Grapes farm present in Gowardhan village Nashik itself helped to get information & apt idea about Grapes as a crop & how it is cultivated.

SECONDARY DATA

Internet sites mentioned in Bibliography.

Journals

SECONDARY DATA

Internet sites mentioned in Bibliography.

Journals


INTRODUCTION :

One of the best loved fruits in many parts of the world are GRAPES. Indeed, people from all walks of life truly enjoy the venerable varieties of grapes. In addition to being a delicious fruit, the grapes also is a fruit that can be easy to cultivate and grown. The sweet red ,milky green berries are irresistible to almost everyone. Very quick to produce their fruits, grapes plants are an excellent crop. These plants can be a wonderful addition to any gardening. Grapes plants are lush and have attractive blooms. In addition, when the plants are laden with berries, they are lovely indeed. They are different from most fruits in that their seeds are produced on the inside of the fruit this combined with their milky green,red and black colour has the unfortunate side effect of making them very attractive to birds.

Grapes is a major fruit of temperate region, but with the advent of day-neutral cultivars, it grows profitably well in the sub tropical regions also. Its commercial cultivation could not become popular in semi arid regions of India due to vagaries of climatic conditions and lack of adequate knowledge on its cultivation. Plasticulture techniques can play very important role in the manipulation of microclimate favourable for its cultivation. Scientific findings have revealed that use of plasticulture techniques in strawberry cultivation could revolutionize its commercial cultivation for higher profitability in the many regions of India.

5


TYPES OF GRAPES:

1. THOMPSON SEEDLESS (COLOUR:MILKY GREEN)

2. SHARAD SEEDLESS (COLOUR:BLACK)

3. TASCHE GANESH(WHITISH GREEN)

4. SONAKA(LONG BERRIES GREEN)

5. FLAME SEEDLES(COLOUR:RED)

NUTRITIONAL FACTS

6


One cup (144 g) of GRAPES constitutes approximately 45

calories (188 kj) and is an excellent source of vitamin C and

flavonoids.

1 cup, whole

Nutrient Units ……………………….

144 g

Water Gm 132

Energy Kcal 43

Energy Kj 181

Protein Gm 0.88

Total lipid (fat) Gm 0.53

Carbohydrate, by difference.

Health and Nutrition Benefits of Eating GRAPES

Rubbing a cut GRAPES on teeth and gums helps remove tartar, apart from

strengthening and healing the gums.

Since GRAPES are rich in fiber, they help the body in absorbing nutrients.

GRAPES are good for diabetics, as they help stabilize the level of blood glucose.

GRAPES are said to help in regulating blood pressure and thus,

diminishing the risk of heart disease.

GRAPES have been associated with inhibiting the production of

cholesterol in the liver.

7


SIGNIFICANCE / PROSPECTS

8


SIGNIFICANCE / PROSPECTS

CHANGING ATTITUDES OF MNC'S TOWARDS

AGRICULTURE

India is one of the oldest countries. Agriculture has been backbone of Indian economy since the start, gradually after Independence. India started modernizing in industrial sector, even though India has green revolutions still advancement in agriculture or agricultural reforms were unheard, even after 1991, post LPG phase capitalism took India by storm, many MNC's entered India, Many Indian companies Grew to Became MNC's but none of these companies ever paid attention in field of agriculture which still is relatively based on old fashion techniques and largely depend on highly irregular Torrential rains of India. So it's high time now that agriculture sector is revolutionized in India with help of modernization and other techniques. so with help of this modern technological advancements & newly realized major profits in agricultural sector more and more Big MNC's are turning towards this attractive sector which will result in increasing their overall profits.

WHY GRAPES:

The ability to preserve the food has enabled the producer

to make its produce available to consumers sitting in the

corner of the world. Added to this is the advantage of

convenience, which has become very relevant in today's

world as people are leading busier lives. With more and

more women working, the amount of time spent in the kitchen is reducing. As a result, frozen

food category is expending. The advent of new technologies has resulted in the affordability

of the frozen food, which means frozen food reaching even the middle class kitchens. The

statistics show a very healthy growth rate. The share of frozen fruits and vegetables category

is expected to grow in the future at the expense of fresh fruits and vegetables. These market

realities have made this category attractive enough to the marketers to be explored. Thus a lot

of countries and companies are focusing their efforts on capturing some share in the world

market for frozen fruits and vegetables.

In addition to being consumed fresh, Grapes can be frozen, made into preserves as

well as dried and used in such things as cereal bars.

Grapes are a popular addition to dairy products, as in grapes flavored ice cream,

milkshakes, smoothies and yoghurts.grapes pie is also popular.

9


Cosmetically, they are supposedly used for whitening teeth. They can be crushed

and make into an exfoliant for skin.

Grapes pigment extract can be used as a natural acid/base indicator due to the

different colour of the conjugate acid and conjugate base of the pigment. Madam

Tallien, used to take baths full of grapes to keep the full radiance of her skin.

Fontenelle, centenarian writer and gourmet of the 18th century, believed his

longevity was due to eating grapes.

10


WHY FRESH FRUITS - WHY NOT THE FROZEN FRUITS :-

11

In Rs 1000 Crs. 2009-10 2010-2011

Fresh Veg 28 33

Fresh Fruits 3 4

Others Fresh Foods 359 526

Total 390 563

Includes ready meals


Frozen Fruits vis-à-vis Fresh Fruits

The rising popularity of frozen fruit products is propelled by the fast paced modern lifestyle that has led consumers to look for easy and hygienic fruit products that eliminate the conventional hassles of cleaning and chopping fresh fruits thereby by evading the all important time-constraints of traditional cooking. The leading category in the frozen fruits market is "sliced strawberries in sugar" which has displayed excellent perseverance in terms of sales.

Sunny Skies Ahead for Frozen Fruits and getables

The WORLD market is no different from other western hemisphere market, where the category of frozen fruits and vegetables present in interesting opportunity. With the demand soaring, the market for frozen vegetables and fruits continues to gain momentum with leading manufacturers commercializing the benefits of vegetables and fruits as an indispensable part of a healthy diet. With their fast paced lifestyle, the consumers are more than willing to get rid of the fresh vegetable concept. As a result of which, processors are innovating hard to make life easy for the consumers.

12


EMERGENCE OF GRAPES AS A CROP IN

INDIA & ITS DOMESTIC SCENARIO

A huge curiosity less than 90 years ago, a good looking Green fruit has taken Nashik by

storm. With more local farmers to growing grapes every year, this place now contributes

almost 85 percent of India's total production.

In the 1920s, it was here that the English first introduced grapes to India.

One grsapes plant can propagate 20 more, so from the 1960s till 1992, the Australian variety

of grapes was grown in Nashik in about 130 acres of land with an output afforded only by the

affluent.

However, in 1992, came a grapes revolution.

"A businessman brought the Chandler variety of the plant from California. This variety

produced a much bigger and better tasting fruit."

Around that time, recall these farmers, then Maharashtra Chief Minister Sharad Pawar

ordered 25,000 saplings of the plant from California and Grapes farming started gaining

ground… from 600 acres then to 2,000 acres now in Nashik alone.

The area annually produces some 15,000 tonnes of the fruit.

More young people are taking up grapes farming in this region. As a result, one can see farms

with latest farming techniques such as drip irrigation and mulching being used.

Organic farming is yet another area where Nashik farmers are taking a lead. Farmers adhere

to the Euro Gap certification where pesticides are sprayed the least.

Today, with the region offering the perfect weather conditions for growing grapes, there are

some 1,350 grapes farmers in Nashik producing 87 percent of the Indian fruit crop.

Company Profile of the major Grapes13


exporter of India

HAJI AGRO INDUSTRIES PVT LTD

14


COMPANY PROFILE:-

"HAJI AGRO INDUSTRIES PVT LTD."

EXPORT AUTHORITY:

GOHAR KOKNI

Gat no 38 Gowardhan village ,Nashik

Product Specification

Country INDIA

Brand GRAPES

Product details :-

We are a manufacturer from INDIA which specializes in production and supply of quality

fresh fruits, such as Grapes

Our factory is certified by ISO9001, KOSHER, HACCP, and FDA registration.

The grapes season will come in March -April

The Grapes varieties include Thompson seedless ,Sharad seedless,Tasche Ganesh and Flame

seedles

Our plant is large and equipped with advanced facilities, which ensures both high product

quality and sufficient capacity for production and supply.

15


VARIETIES

THOMPSON SHARAD FLAME

SEEDLESS SEEDLESS SEEDLESS

16

Size: 15/25mm,25/35mm, 35/40mm, 40mm up

Size: 15/25mm,25/35mm, 35/40mm, 40mm up

Size: 15/25mm,25/35mm

Colour: GREEN Colour:BLACK Colour: RED

Packing: 10kgx1.2 kgx 6.1kgx5.1kgx10, 30lbsx1

Packing: 10kgx1.2 kgx 6.1kgx5.1kgx10, 30lbsx1

Packing: 30lbs(Plastic pail), 400lbs(drum)

Load: 25mt/40’fcl, 19/40’ (FCL America)



Processing March

Processing April

Processing March-April

Delivery: in the month of April-May

SAME AS THOMPSON SEEDLESS

SAME AS THOMPSON SEEDLESS


AREAS OF RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY:-

As India is diversified country with different geographical locations, each area has its own

identity. Out of 100% Grapes cultivation, alone Nashik constitutes around 85% and other

parts which include Sangli,,Latur and some part of south east states.

Organic farming is yet another area where Nashik farmers are taking a lead. Farmers

adhere to the Euro Gap Certification where pesticides are sprayed the least.

Today, with the region offering the perfect weather conditions for growing grapes, there are

some 1,350 Grapes farmers in Nashik producing 87 percent of the Indian fruit crop. But the

increased supply of the fruit in the market has depressed prices. And this is a cause for

concern for the farmers.

17

NASHIK ,SANGLI

INDIA’S 85%GRAPES

PROUDUCTIONDONE HERE

NASHIK ,SANGLI

INDIA’S 85%GRAPES

PROUDUCTIONDONE HERE


PROCESSING METHODS APPLIED IN HAJI AGRO INDUSTRIES

EXPORTS

PROCESS AND METHOD OF FREEZING:-

Most acceptable method to store and preserve vegetables and fruits at home is

freezing. Freezing retains the nutritional value. In order to maintain the quality in

foods, they must be stored at 0o F, balanced properly and must be used within the

storage time. Immediately after harvesting vegetables, they must be frozen to prevent

chemical reactions that can spoil the produce. Fruits are treated with pure form of

ascorbic acid or soaked in vinegar solution (also, coated with sugar and lemon juice)

to deactivate the enzymes and prevent formation brown tinges and vitamin C loss.

Frozen products when exposed to air develop bad smell or taste. In order to prevent against

such chemical reactions, the product is covered with an airtight wrapping material.

2) TYPE OF FREEZING CONTAINERS

Plastic flam bags are also employed as effective containers for storing fruits and

vegetables during freezing. These containers are usually covered with a layer of

disposable cardboard freezer boxes to prevent damage.

Plastic-coated freezer containers or high quality and thick aluminum foils are used to

restrict entry of vapor and air and at the same time retain moisture in the product.

These containers are flexible and strong and fastened with seal specially intended for

freeze packaging.

Freeze and cook bags are the most preferred freeze containers due to their ability to

tolerate temperatures below 0o F as well as boiling point temperatures. These

containers are available in various sizes and in large rolls. The containers are heat

fastened to prevent exposure to moisture.

NORMS FOR GRAPES EXPORT ACCORDING TO

18


CODEX ALIMENTARIUS

19


NORMS FOR GRAPES EXPORT ACCORDING TO CODEX ALIMENTARIUS

CODEX STANDARD FOR GRAPES(CODEX STAN 52-1981)This standard shall apply to Grapes. as defined below and offered for direct consumption

without further processing, except for size grading or repacking if required. It does not apply

to the product when indicated as intended for further processing or for other industrial

purposes.

DEFINITION OF DEFECTS

Partially uncoloured - 25% -75% of the outer surface area without the colour

characteristic of the variety.

Completely uncoloured - 75% or more of the other surface area without the

colour characteristic of the variety.

Disintegrated - broken, crushed or smashed Stalks or parts of stalks - if each

greater than 3 mm in one dimension.

Blemished - showing visible signs of pest attack or pathological or physical

injury.

Misshapen - not normally developed and more in particular containing hard parts

in the fruit flesh.

20


Tolerances for Defects

Based on a sample unit of 500 g, the drained fruit ingredient of the product as defined in paragraph shall have not more than the following:

a) Stalks or parts of stalks each greater than 3 mm in one dimension 3 by number. b) Calyces 3 cm2

c) Other extraneous vegetable material 3 cm2

d) Completely uncoloured whole berries 1 by numbere) Partially uncoloured whole berries 5% m/mf) Disintegrated whole berries 5% m/mg) Blemished 5% m/mh) Misshapen whole berries 2% m/m

Tolerances for Sizes of bunches of Grapes

When presented as sized, a tolerance of 10% by number is allowed for frit that fail to meet the requirements of paragraph.In the case of defects. whether sized or unsized, the amount of fruit having a maximum diameter of less than 15 mm shall not exceed 5% by number.

Classification of "Defectives"

Any sample unit from a sample taken in accordance with the FAO/WHO Codex Alimetarius Sampling Plans for Prepackaged Foods (AQL-6.5) (Ref. No. CAC/RM 42-1969), shall be regarded as "defective" when:(a) The total soluble solids of the sample unit is outside the range specified in 3.2.1 or 3.2.2 as appropriate; or(b) Any one of the organoleptic and other characteristics under 3.3.1 are not complied with or (c) (i) Any one of the defects listed under 3.5 is present in more than twice the amount of the specified tolerance for the individual defect; or(ii) The total of defects in (e) to (i) exceeds 15% for whole strawberries; or(iii) The total of defects in (g) and (i) exceeds 12% for halved, sliced or cut strawberries; or (d) The tolerance for sizes of whole strawberries as listed in 3.6 is exceeded.

21


HYGIENE

It is recommended that the product covered by the provisions of this standard be prepared

and handled in accordance with the appropriate sections of the Recommended International

Code of Practice -General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev. 2(1985)

Codex Alimentarius Volume.

a) Other Codes of Practice recommended by the Codex Alimentarius

Commission which are relevant to this product.

b) To the extent possible in Good Manufacturing Practice, the product shall be

free from objectionable matter.

c) When tested by appropriate methods of sampling and examination, the product:

- shall be free from micro-organisms in amounts which may represent a hazard to

health;

- shall be free from parasites which may represent a hazard to health; and

- shall not contain any substance originating from micro-organisms in amounts

which may represent a hazard to health.

LABELLING

In addition to the requirements of the Codex

General Standard for the Labelling of

Prepacka ged

Foods (Ref. No. CODEX STAN 1-1985),

(Rev. 1-1991 Codex Alimentarius Volume

1), the following specific provisions apply:

22


The Name of the Food

The name of the food as declared on the label shall include "Grapes" . The words "quick fresh

shall also appear on the label, except that the term "fresh" 2 may be applied in countries

where this term is customarily used for describing the product processed in accordance with

sub-section 2.2 of the standard.

In addition, there shall appear on the label in conjunction with, or in close proximity to, the

word "strawberries".

(a) The style, as appropriate : "halves", "slices" or "cut".

(b) The packing medium: "with (name of the sweetener and whether as such or as the

syrup)".

If the product is presented in accordance with sub-section 2.4.1© the label shall contain in

close proximity to the word "strawberry" such additional words or phrases that will avoid

misleading or confusing "frozen": This term is used as an alternative to "quick frozen" in

some English speaking countries.

Size Designation

If a term designating the size of the grapes used;

(a) it shall be supported by a correct graphic representation on the label of the size range to

which the strawberries predominantly conform; and/or

23


(b) By a statement of the predominant range of the maximum diameter of the grapes in

millimeters, or fractions of an inch in those countries where the English system is in

general used; and/or

(c) It shall conform to the customary method of declaring size in the country in which the

produce is sold.

Additional Requirements

Information for keeping and thawing of the product shall be given on retail packs.

24


Bulk Packs

In the case of quick fresh grapes in bulk the information required above must either be

placed on the container or by given in accompanying documents, except that the name of the

food accompanied by the words "quick fresh" (the term "fresh" may be used in accordance

with sub-section 6.1.1 of this standard) and the name and address of the manufacturer or

packer must appear on the container.

GRADING STANDARDS:-

Grading depends upon flavor, odor, size, color, character and texture, and absence of defects.

It comes in the following grades : US Grade A, US Grade B, US Grade C and US Grade D.

This frozen fruit comes in the following varieties:

Whole; whole sized form in IQF style.

Whole form in block style.

Sliced in IQF style.

Sliced in block style.

Sliced in 4+1 sugar and 4+1 sugar with stabilizer

styles.

Whole with sugar.

USDA; QUALITY GRADES FOR FROZEN VEGETABLES

US Department of Agriculture (USDA) grades the canned and frozen vegetables based on

their quality. USDA also provides an inspection program to certify the quality of frozen

vegetables. Highly qualified scientists are employed to examine the quality of the processed

vegetables against the established US grade standards. The grades assigned to the products

acts as a guide to the consumers during purchasing of canned and frozen vegetables.

1. US Grade A: Grade A vegetables are known for their softness, color, and texture.

These vegetables are most juicy and highly flavored. The other name for Grade A products is

"fancy" which is mentioned on the label.

2. US Grade B: Grade B vegetables posses superior quality but are not on par with

Grade A vegetables, in terms of color and texture. These vegetables are fully-grown

when compared with Grade A vegetables. Therefore, they taste slightly different from

Grade A type. Other name for Grade B product is "Extra Standard".

25


Grade C vegetables are mainly used as constituents in preparing casserole or stew, and soup,

as they are fully-grown. These vegetables are less flavoured. Grade C products are also

known as "Standard".

PACKAGING

Packaging used for GRAPES must:

a) Protect the organoleptic and quality characteristics of the product.

b) Protect the product from bacteriological and other contamination (including

contamination from the packaging material itself);

c) Protect the product from moisture loss, dehydration

and, where appropriate, leakage as far as technologically

practicable; and

d) not pass on to the product any odour, taste, colour

or other foreign characteristic-

26


GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE FOR

EXPORT OF GRAPES

27


GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES

Fruits and Vegetables

Quantity 500 MTs

Inland Haulage 25% (Subject to maximum of Rs.1/- per Kg.)

Sea freight 25% (Subject to maximum of Rs.5/- per Kg.)

ASIDE - AN INTRODUCTION

ASIDE stands for Assistance to States for Development of Export Infrastructure and other

Activities. The responsibility for promotion of exports and creating the necessary

infrastructure has largely been undertaken by the Central Government so far, it is increasingly

felt that the states have to play an equally important role in this endeavor. The role of the

State Government is critical from the point of view of boosting production of exportable

surplus, providing the infrastructural facilities such as land, power, water, roads, connectivity,

pollution control measures and a conducive environment for promotion. It is felt that co-

ordinated efforts by Central Government in co-operation with the State Governments are

necessary for development of infrastructure for exports promotion.

14.1.5 Transport related Assistance.

14.1.5.1 Current activities by §M_H§$

The following TA Rates are being followed by APEDA

TA Rate (Rs. per kg)

Designation Reefer Container Non-reefer Container

Europe 6 1.5

Africa 6 1.5

Middle East 3 1

CIS G 1.25

28


EXPORT PROCEDURE

29


EXPORT PROCEDURE

Registration of exporters:

Registration with regional authorities of Director General of Foreign Trade (obtaining

Importer – Exporter code number). An application for grant of IEC number shall be

made by the registered head office at Mumbai office.

Procedure for physical application :

The duly signed application form should be supported by the following documents-

a. Bank receipt (in duplicate) Demand draft / EFT details evidencing

payment of application fee of Rs. 1000 (Rs. 500/- for electronically filled

application).

b. Certificate from the banker of the applicant firm in part B of the form.

c. Self certified copy of PAN issued by income tax department.

d. Two copies of passport size photographs.

e. Photograph on the banker’s certificate should be attested by the banker of

the applicant.

f. Self addressed envelope and stamp of Rs. 30/-

g. These documents may be kept in file cover.

h. Registration with export promotion councils/commodity board/Authorities.\

i. Registration with value added tax authorities.

j. Registration with central excise authorities.

30


Procedure for appointing overseas agents.

While appointing any overseas agents, following precautions are taken :

1. Size of Agents Company.

2. Date of foundation of the agents company.

3. Company’s ownership and control.

4. Company’s capital, funds available and liabilities.

5. Name, age and experience of the company’s senior executives.

6. Number, age and experience of the company’s salesman.

7. Other agencies that company holds, including those of competing products and

turnover of each.

8. Status about company’s association with other principals.

9. New agencies that the company obtained or lost during the past year.

10. Company’s total annual sales and trends in its sales in recent years.

11. Company’s sales coverage, overall and by area.

12. Number of sales calls per month and per salesman by the company staff.

13. Any major obstacles expected in the company’s sales growth.

14. Agents capability to provide sales promotion and advertising services.

15. Agents transportation facilities and warehousing capacity.

16. Agent’s rate of commission, payment terms required.

References on the agents from banks, trade associations and major buyers.

31


Documents required

The following are the documents required for the

Processing of the Shipping Bill.

GR forms (in duplicate) for shipment to all

The countries.

4 copies of the packing list mentioning the

contents, quantity, gross and net weight of each

package.

4 copies of invoices which contains all relevant particulars like number of packages,

quantity, unit rate, total f.o.b/c.i.f. value, correct & full description of goods etc.

Contract, L/C, Purchase Order of the overseas buyer.

AR4 (both original and duplicate) and invoice.

Inspection / Examination Certificate.

The formats presented for the Shipping Bill are as given below :

White Shipping Bill in triplicate for export of duty free of goods.

Green Shipping Bill in quadruplicate for the export of goods which are under claim

for duty drawback.

Yellow Shipping Bill in triplicate for the export of dutiable goods.

Blue Shipping Bill in 7 copies for exports under the DEPB scheme.

Note:- For the goods which are cleared by Land Customs, Bill of Export (also of 4 types –

white, green, yellow & pink) is required instead of Shipping Bill.

32


Documents Required for Post Parcel Customs Clearance:

In case of Post Parcel, no Shipping Bill is required. The relevant documents are mentioned

below:

Customs Declaration Form – It is prescribed by the Universal Postal Union (UPU)

and international apex body coordinating activities of national postal administration.

It is known by the code number CP2/CP3 and to be prepared in quadruplicate, signed

by the sender.

Despatch Note, also known as CP2. It is filled by the sender to specify the action to be

taken by the postal department at the destination in case the address is non-traceable

or the parcel is refused to be accepted.

Prescriptions regarding the minimum and maximum sizes of the parcel with its

maximum weight :

Minimum size : Total surface area not less than 140 mm x 90 mm.

Maximum size : Lengthwise not over 1.05 m. Measurement of any other side of

circumference 0.9m./2.00 m.

Maximum weight : 10 kg usually, 20 kg for some destinations.

Commercial invoice – Issued by the seller for the full realizable amount of goods as

per trade term.

Consular Invoice - Mainly needed for the countries like Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania,

Mauritius, New Zealand, Burma, Iraq, Australia, Fiji, Cyprus, Nigeria, Ghana,

Zanzibar etc. It is prepared in the prescribed format and is signed/certified by the

counsel of the importing country located in the country of export.

Customs Invoice – Mainly needed for the countries like USA, Canada, etc. It is

prepared on a special form being presented by the customs authorities of the

importing country. It facilitates entry of goods in the importing country at preferential

tariff rate.

Legalised / Visaed Invoice – This shows the seller’s genuineness before the

appropriate consulate/chamber of commerce/ E\embassy. It does not have any

prescribed form.

33


Certified Invoice – It is required when the exporter needs to certify on the invoice that

the goods are of a particular origin or manufactured / packed at a particular place and

in accordance with specific contract. Sight Draft and Usance Draft are available for

this. Sight Draft is required when the exporter expects immediate payment and

Usance Draft is required for credit delivery.

Packing List – It shows the details of goods contained in each parcel/shipment.

Certificate of Inspection – It shows that goods have been inspected before shipment.

Black List Certificate – It is required for countries which have strained political

relation. It certifies that the ship or the aircraft carrying the goods has not touched

those country(s).

Weight Note – Required to confirm the packets or bales or other form are of a

stipulated weight.

Manufacturer’s /Supplier’s Quality / Inspection Certificate.

Manufacturer’s Certificate – It is required in addition to the Certificate of Origin for

few countries to show that the goods shipped have actually been manufactured and

are available.

Certificate of Chemical Analysis – It is required to ensure the quality and grade of

certain items such as metallic ores, pigments, etc.

Certificate of Shipment – It signifies that a certain lot of goods have been shipped.

Health / Veterinary / Sanitary Certification – Required for export of foodstuffs, marine

products, hides, livestock etc.

Antiquity Measurement – Issued by Archaeological Survey of India in case of antiques.

Transshipment Bill – It is used for goods imported into a customs port /airport intended

for transshipment.

Shipping Order – Issued by the Shipping (Conference) Line which intimates the

exporter about the reservation of space of shipment of cargo through the specific

vessel from a specified port and on a specified date.

Cart/Lorry Ticket – It is prepared for admittance of the cargo through the port gate and

includes the shipper’s name, lorry No., marks on packages, quantity etc.

34


LOGISTICS MOVEMENT

35

Farmer Aggregator Indian

Exporter

Importer

Commercial Food-service

Institutional Wholeseller

Terminal Market

Consumers

Retail Outlets

Integrated Wholesale retailer

Shippers

3-5% commission 3-5% commissionExporting Country

Importing Country

3-5% commission

3-5% commission

3-5% commission

3-5% commission

3-5% commission

3-5% commission

3-5% commission

25% commission40-50%

commission


Shipping Specifications:

The overall dimensions of a carton are about:

Length 490 mm

Breadth 240 mm

Height 350 mm

Overall volume 0.041 Cu. M/Carton.

Strawberry shipments from India are mainly in 20ft. containers which carry about 650-700

cartons. Requests for less than a container load are also accepted by exporters in India.

Freight is charged per Cubic Metre on volume basis. Freight for full container load is fixed

and the same is cheaper than the freight for part container load (LCL).

Contract terms for export of GRAPES

1. Contracts are normally made on FOB or C&F basis.

2. Pricing in international trade in cashew is in US Dollars per lb. Current and forward

price quotations in US $ and other currencies are available on request directly from

member exporters of the Council.

3. Business in cashew is done on an offer and acceptance basis between buyers and

sellers by telephone, telex or cable, since the prices are subject to frequent

fluctuations.

4. The cost of insurance is borne by the buyer.

5. At the time of contract, the month of shipment, grade, price etc. are to be clearly

indicated. Sometimes, exporters offer commodity for shipments upto six months in

advance.

6. Export dealings are usually finalized on the basis of opening of 100% irrevocable

Letter of Credit by the buyer in favor of the shipper. The LC is opened immediately

on execution of contract or one month prior to shipment.

36


ANNEXURES

1. Export of TABLE GRAPES from India.

2. Weekly prices of GRAPES in London Market.

3. Brief contract form of sales purchase transactions.

4. Format of bill of exchange.

5. Format of Bill of Lading.

6. Format of GR form.

7. Format of Invoice.

8. Format of certificate of origin.

9. Format of Proforma of Invoice.

10. Format of packing list.

37


EXPORT PRICING, COSTING & STANDARDS

38


EXPORT PRICING, COSTING &STANDARDS

Export pricing is the most important tool for promoting sales and facing international

competition. The price has to be realistically

worked out taking into consideration all

export benefits and

expenses. However, there is no fixed formula

for pricing strategies; it will differ from

exporter to exporter. We should also assess

the strength of our competitors and anticipate

the move of the competitors in the market.

Pricing strategies will depend on various

circumstantial situations. We can still be

competitive with higher prices but with better

delivery package or other advantages. The current wholesale market price of GRAPES in

India is ranging from Rs. 25 to Rs 75

per kg depends on the grades.

EXPORT STANDARDS:-

EU MARKET STANDARDS:-

The marketing standards for quality and labeling of fruit and vegetables are laid down in

basic regulation EC 2200/96 (of 28 October 1996), in the frame work of the Common

Agricultural Policy (CAP). Products which do not comply with these standards are barred

from the market. Besides EU legislation, importers of frozen fruit and vegetables have their

own quality standards. The EU requirements must, therefore, be seem as indicative for the

quality that is demanded by the European importers. The care and handling between harvest

and delivery to the country of import is often one of the weakest points in the relationship

between producer and imp0orter. The UN standards apply I the case of a product, which is

not covered by the EU quality standards. The Standards organizations are able to inform the

quality standards that apply to the various products.

39


EUREPGAP;-

A Code for fruit and vegetables which is gaining ground in EurepGap. The Euro-Retailer

Produce Working Group (EUREP) has developed the Good Agricultural Practice standards.

The Working Group has responded to increasing consumer interest in food safety and

environmental issues. The framework of EurepGap requires companies to have a good

management system in place to deal with quality hygiene and environmental matters.

Although EurepGap standards are yet not common practice in all the EU member states, it is

expected that they will be increasingly accepted and applied in the future, particularly by the

large supermarket chains.

Management Systems

The need for good quality management takes on increasing importance. Two systems to

demonstrate reliability of quality control system are:

HACCP

ISO 9000

Although not directly an obligatory standard for producers of fresh fruit and vegetables yet,

exporters must be aware of the fact that in the field of processed fruit and vegetables,

HACCP and ISO 9000 are strongly increasing in importance in Europe.

TARIFFS AND QUOTAS

Access for fruit and vegetables to the European market is regulated through the EU basic

regulation EC 2200/96, this regulation covers amongst other things:

A list of products to which quality standards apply;

The entry-price system;

Duties.

40


CUSTOM DUTIES

In general, all goods, including frozen fruit and vegetables, entering the EU are subject to

import duties. External trade conditions in the European Union are mostly determined by EU

regulations. The level of the tariffs depend on :

The country of origin

The product

In order to support exports from developing countries, the EU operates the Generalized

System of Preferences (GSP). Under the GSP scheme of the E.U. imports from a number of

developing countries are admitted at a reduced tariff and imports from a group of lease

developed countries at a zero tariff.

41


MAJOR MARKETS FOR TABLE GRAPES

42


MAJOR MARKETS IN THE WORLD FOR TABLE GRAPES

THE UNITED KINDGDOM

Consumers becoming health conscious

United Kingdom is the largest European market for fresh fruits and

vegetables with a total volume of around 1 million tones in 2005. The

market has been clocking a growth rate of around 2.5% for this decade

and is expected to contribute over 26% to the total fresh fruits and

vegetables market in Europe at the end of this decade. Similar to the

US market, frozen vegetables contribute 99% to the category. The fresh ruits market in UK is

expected to grow at a CAGR of 2.15% Consumers in United Kingdom are getting more and

more inclined towards healthy food as a part of a lifestyle change.

FRANCE

FRANCE represents one of the largest market in the European fresh

fruits and vegetables market. French fresh fruit and vegetable market is

estimated to total 962.thousand tons in 2005. The market for these

products is projected to grow at a compounded annual rate of 2.56% to

reach 1,088 thousand tons by 2010. Fresh vegetables segment is

estimated to hold a lion's share in the total French Fresh fruits and

vegetables market in 2005. The market is projected to reach 1077 thousand tons by 2010.

Fresh fruit market is estimated to total 9 thousand tons in 2005. The segment is projected to

grow at a CAGR of 4.17% to during the ten-year analysis period.

43


GERMANY

German market for fresh fruits and vegetables was estimated to

total 886 thousand tons in 2005, and is 906 thousand tons in 2003.

The market is projected to grow at a moderate rate of 2.49% over

the analysis period 2001-2010 to reach 999 thousand tons by 2010.

Fresh vegetables segment is projected to account for a share of

90.43% of the German fresh fruits and vegetables market in 2005.

The market for frozen fruits is projected to grow at a compounded annual rate of about 2.64%

to reach 97 thousand tons by 2010. This segment is projected to experience a market share

gain over the 2001-2010 periods, to represent 9.67% of the total market by 2010.

BELGIUM

The Belgium fresh food market grew by 5.2% in 2003 to reach a value of $785 million. In

2008, the market is forecast to have a value of $979 million,

an increase of 24.7% since 2003. Frozen meat, fish and

seafood remained the leading segment in the market. In 2003,

frozen meat, fish and seafood generated 44.9% of the frozen

food sales. In 2003, the Belgian market generated 1.8% of the

European fresh food sales.

During the next five years, the market is expected to

experience strong but gradually decelerating growth rates. By 2008, the market is forecast to

reach a value of $979 million, which equates to a CAGR of .5% in the period of 2003-2008,

higher than the European market. Indeed, it is expected that the Belgian market will be the

strongest performing fresh food market in Western Europe in the next five years, heavily

outpacing the larger markets of France, Germany and the U.K.

44


JAPAN

The Japanese market for fresh fruits and vegetables was estimated at 1153 thousand tons in

2005, and is 1,189 thousand tons in 2006. The market is projected

to grow at a compounded annual rate of about 3.44% to reach

1,324 thousand tons by 2010. The Japanese fresh fruits market was

estimated to be 247 thousand tons in 2005, and is projected to

grow at a CAGR of 2.31% to reach 268 thousand tons by 2010.

The frozen fruit segment is projected to experience a decline in

market share through the ten-year period and account for 20.23% of the total market by 2010.

45


EXPORT TRENDS OF GRAPES

Export Volume

Export UVR-USD

Export Value (USD Mns)

46


EXPORT IN UNITED KINGDOM MARKET

NAME OF THE IMPORT COUNTRY - "UNITED KINGDOM"

NAME OF THE IMPORTER : J.O SIMS PVT LTD (PINCHBECK LONDON)

J.O SIMS PVT LTD

J.O SIMS PVT LTD, incorporated in 1974, is a leading European food company, engaged in

production and sales of fresh food products. The main products of the company include:

fresh foods ,fresh fruits and vegetables. J.O SIMS also products Apples, Oranges and

Crenerries in the United Kingdom. J.O SIMS attributes its continued corporate/ success to

emphasis on flexibility and innovation in providing a wide range of vegetables tailored to

customers unique cuisine specifications and taste. J.O SIMS PVT LTD ranks as a pioneering

company of its kind with production processes, facilities, and recipes to meet the localized

tastes habits of specific clusters of consumers.

UNITED KINGDOM MARKET

WHY UITED KINDOM????

The market for fresh fruits and vegetables in UNITED KINGDOM was close to 1092

thousand tons in 2005, and is projected to be 1128 thousand tons by the end of current fiscal

year 2006. The market is projected to grow at a compounded annual rate of 3.21%

to reach 1313 thousands tons by 2010. Fresh vegetables, the

largest market segment, is projected to wax at a rate of 3.2% over

the year 2001-2010 to reach the 1248 thousand tons by 2010 as

against a 1039 thousand tons in 2005. The market share for the

fresh vegetables is projected to reach 95.08% by 2010.

Frozen product segment is projected to grow at a CAGR of about

3.52% during 2001-2010. The market for fresh fruits is projected to reach 65 thousand tons

by 2010.

47


6.3.1.5 Fresh Grapes

Indicators Import Value

(Million USD)

Growth

Rate

Import Qty

Tonnes

Growth

Rate

UVR (USD/Kg) Growth

Rate

Years 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

INDIA 8.4 9.2 7.2 -21% 6312 8446 7807 -8% 1.33 1.09 0.93 -15%

S.AFRICA 2.3 4.9 3.6 -27% 1302 4065 4958 22% 1.78 1.21 0.72 -40%

CHINA 2.3 1.0 1.6 57% 2375 1316 2992 123% 0.97 0.78 0.55 -30%

AUSTRALIA 1.0 1.1 1.2 9% 622 842 1401 67% 1.59 1.26 0.92 -35%

Spain 1.9 0.8 1.2 51% 1733 501 1063 112% 1.12 1.52 1.08 -29%

INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA is the largest exporter of grapes to UNITED KINGDOM

Exports CHINA from have shown a sharp increase

FLOW CHART REPRESENTING EXPORT PROCESS OF GRAPES IN UNITED

KINGDOM

48


SWOT ANALYSIS

49


STRENGTHS WEAKNESS

Climatic conditions congenial for

GRAPES production.

Abundant raw material, technical

pace, cheap manpower, enormous

domestic market coupled with

government support.

Strategic location.

Higher cost of finances, packing

material, energy and transportation

Poor quality of raw materials, high

value of materials, high value of plant

and machinery and heavy duties.

Operational restrictions of 100% EOU.

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS

Decline in production of GRAPES in

other countries, breaking down of

international trade barriers.

Well adapted modern technologies for

production and post harvest

management.

Increasing awareness and liking for

GRAPES in domestic market (56,865

tonnes consumption in 2006-2007).

Fierce competition from China

Demand Shift towards fresh GRAPES

rather than frozen GRAPES.

Failure of WTO regarding subsidies

given by developed countries for

agriculture produce.

CONCLUSION

50


Having studied GRAPES crop and its export procedure in detail, it can be concluded that :

Climatic conditions of NASHIK are ideally suited for strawberry production on a

large scale, thereby resulting into economies of scale.

Government provides large export facilities in terms and subsidies, loans from

NABARD na tax and duties exemption, so finance and other requirements can be

easily made available.

There are huge GRAPES markets yet to be explored throught the world.

India can become hub for GRAPES and its processed products export in the World,

thus, bringing in lots of foreign currency in India, thereby reducing the Balance of

Payment situation.

Domestic market of GRAPES is also yet to be explored properly.

GRAPES produced is of highest quality, according to the norms provided by CODEX

Alimentations, which is acceptable in all world standards.

UNITED KINGDOM market studied can act as initiator, and then gradually other

countries can also be taken into our radar for exports.

51


BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES :-

http://www.wikipedia.com

http://www.faostat.org

http://www.cbi.nl

http://www.accessguide.com

http://www.daamonitor.com

http://exporthelp.europa/eu

http://stats.ciaa.be/pages/homepage.asp

http://useu.usmision.gov/agri/usda.html

http://europa.eu/index.htm

http://useu.usmission.gov/agri/fairs.html

http://www.mintel.com

http://www.ifoam.org

http://www.intracen.org

http://www.ific.org

http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_taxation_customs/taxation/vat/consumers/vat_raes/index_.ht

http://www.fas.usda.gov/scriptsw/attacherep/default.asp

http://www.marketesarch.com

http://www.euromoniot.com

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/comtrade

http://www.igd.com

Journals

1. Times journal of Agriculture

2. Agriculture and Industry Survey

3. Agriculture Today

4. Foreign Trade Review

52