Expository Expository Text Text

StructuresStructures

Narrative vs. ExpositoryNarrative vs. Expository

“Begin at the beginning,’ the king said gravely,’ and go till you come to the end; then stop.’”

Lewis CarrollAlice’s Adventures in Wonderland

(1865), p. 12

Table of ContentsChaptersHeadingsGraphicsIndex

Increased interest in non-Increased interest in non-fictionfiction

Information AgeInformation Age 70 – 80% of 70 – 80% of

standardized standardized reading test reading test contentcontent

22 Research Studies22 Research Studies– Preferred by boysPreferred by boys– Preferred by remedial Preferred by remedial

studentsstudents– Students response Students response

“primarily to learn new “primarily to learn new things”things”

Moss, Barbara, Teaching expository text structures. The Reading Teacher. May 2004. p 710Carter, Betty and Richard Abrahamson, Nonfiction for Young Adults: From Delight to Wisdom. 1990

DescriptiveDescriptive

Enumerative ListingsEnumerative Listings

the following alsothen in additionanother furthermorefinally likewisebesides as well asseveral somemany a few

SequenceSequence

first nextsecond untilthird whilelast soonthen afterat that time nowduring immediatelyfinally

That’s a FactThat’s a Fact

Give Me 5

Cover – title, written and illustrated by

CopyrightThumb PointerTall manRing manPinky

Starving in a Land of Plenty

Fall,1804

Pvt. George Shannon

Lost for two weeks

Tried to catch up with keelboat

Ran out of bullets

Ate grapes

Shot rabbit

Sat on shore

Keelboat arrived

soonthenafterat that timenowduringImmediatelyfinally

firstnextseconduntilthirdwhilelast

Comparison/ContrastComparison/Contrasthowever even thoughbut on the contraryyet otherwisedespite in comparisonstill on the other hand

Cause and EffectCause and Effectfor this reason thusin order to as a resultbecause consequentlyso that on account ofthereforeaccordingly

  Problem and Solution Problem and Solution

problemsolutionbecausecausesinceas a resultso that

PRIMARY SOVRCESPRIMARY SOVRCES

Authentic documents and artifactsAuthentic documents and artifacts Primary goal is for students to feel as Primary goal is for students to feel as

if they are back in time themselves if they are back in time themselves Look for clues – annotate the textLook for clues – annotate the text Illustrate a quoteIllustrate a quote

Primary Sources Instructor, Monica Edinger, November/December 2001

November 06, 1804November 06, 1804William Clark William Clark

last night late we wer last night late we wer awoke by the Sergeant awoke by the Sergeant of the Guard to See a of the Guard to See a Northern light, which Northern light, which was light, (but) not was light, (but) not red, and appeared to red, and appeared to Darken and Some Darken and Some times nearly obscured, times nearly obscured, and open, ... many and open, ... many times appeared in light times appeared in light Streeks, and at other Streeks, and at other times a great Space times a great Space light & containing light & containing floating collomns floating collomns which appeared to which appeared to approach each other & approach each other & retreat leaveing the retreat leaveing the lighter space at no lighter space at no time of the Same time of the Same appearanceappearance

Capitals are used (or not) at random

They doubled letters (or didn’t double them) differently than we do

Punctuation is used or not at irregular times

We need to use context clues because words may have different meanings

An ‘e’ was either added or left off of the end of the word

“The Musquetoes uncommonly

troublesome.” July 02, 1805

Meriwether Lewis

“at day light this morning we we[re] awoke by the discharge of the fire arm[s] of all our party & a

Selute, Shouts and a Song”

December 25, 1805William Clark

... frost last night, ... we Saw the Tracks of white bear which was verry large,

October 07, 1804 William Clark

These are the best looking Indians I have ever seen. ... They are the most cleanly Indians I have ever seen on the voyage; as well as the most friendly and industrious.

October 11, 1804 Patrick Gass

Vocabulary Development Vocabulary Development

WordWord Word used in context Word used in context

or or

Definition Definition

Picture Picture Word used in original Word used in original sentencesentence

Statue in St. Louis commemorating Lewis, Clark, Sacagawea, and Seaman

"about 12 oClock we arived in Site of St Louis fired three Rounds as we approached the Town and landed [opposite] the center of the Town, the people gathred on the Shore and [gave] three cheers. we . . . [are] much rejoiced that we have the Expedition Completed and now we look for boarding in Town and wait for our Settlement and then we entend to return to our native homes to See our parents once more as we have been so long from them."

John Ordway, September 23, 1806