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EXPERIMENT-8

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENTOPAMP as a summing amplifier and differentiator.

OBJECTIVEI. OPAMP used as summer circuit.

II. OPAMP used as differentiator circuit.

III. Trace the output for sine square and triangular input of the

differentiator circuit.

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APPARATUS REQUIRED

SL NO. COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1 UNIVERSAL TRAINER KIT MICRO LAB-II 1 no.

2 DC REGULATOR POWER

SUPPLY

(0-30V) 1 no.

3 CRO (0-20MHz) 1 no.4 FUNCTION GENERATOR (0-1MHz) 1 no.

5 OPAMP LM-741 1 no.

6 RESISTER 1K

10K,4.7K

4 nos.

1no.(each)

7

8

CAPACITOR

CONNECTING WIRES

0.001uF

23 SWG

1 no.

AS PER REQ.

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THEORY

The summing amplifier

adds several signals together.

the currents in these resistors

I1 = V1 / R1;

I2 = V2 / R2;

I3 = V3 / R3;

According to Kirchoffs law,

we get

I = I1 + I2 + I3

the output becomesVo = -RF x I.

=- RF ( V1 / R1 + V2R2 + V3 / R3)

= - ( V1 RF / R1 + V2 RF /

R2 + V3 RF/ R3 )

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Op-amp as a Differentiator Circuit

The current, i flowing through the capacitorwill be given as:

The charge on the capacitor equals toCapacitance x Voltage across the capacitorQ=C X

The rate of change of this charge is

but dQ/dt is the capacitor current I

from which we have an ideal voltageoutput for the op-amp differentiator isgiven as:

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

(OP-AMP AS SUMMER CIRCUIT)

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(OP-AMP AS DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUIT)

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PROCEDURE

FOR OPAMP AS SUMMERI. Connect the circuit as per

the circuit diagram.

II. Give the input voltage

V1,V2 and V3 as specified inthe circuit diagram.

III. Measure the output voltage

using multimeter.

IV. Calculate the theoreticaloutput voltage.

V. Find out the % error.

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FOR OPAMP AS DIFFERENTIATOR

I. Connect the circuit asper the circuit diagram.

II. Apply sinusoidal,square

and triangular signal of

1 volt,1 kHz at the inputof the circuit.

III. Measure the input

voltage and output

voltage.IV. Trace the input and

output waveforms.

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SINE WAVE

SQUARE WAVE

TRIANGULAR WAVE

COSINE WAVE

SPIKE WAVE

SQUARE WAVE

OBSERVATION

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PRECAUTION

Short circuit should be avoided.

Handle the materials carefully.CONCLUSION

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EXPERIMENT-5

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

Diode as a clipper and clamper circuit.

OBJECTIVE

I. To observe the clipping circuit output waveforms in different

clipping configuration.

II. To observe the clamping circuit output waveforms in +ve

clamping and ve clamping configuration.

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APPARATUS REQUIRED

SL NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

1 UNIVERSAL TRAINER KIT MICRO LAB-II 1 no.

2 FUNCTION GENERATOR (0-1MHz) 1 no.

3 CRO (0-20MHz) 1 no.

4 DC POWER SUPPLY (0-30V) 1 no.

5 CRO PROBES 2 nos.

6 DIODE 1N4007 2 nos.

7 RESISTER 1K,10K 1 no. each

8 CAPACITORS 0.1uF 1 no.

9 CONNECTING WIRES 23 SWG AS PER REQ.

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PROCEDURE

Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

Set the input voltage signal voltage 5 Volts and frequency1KHz using function generator.

Observe the input and output signal using CRO in DC mode.

Trace and measure the input and output waveforms.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND WAVEFORMS

CLIPPER CIRCUIT 1 CLIPPER CIRCUIT 2 (-ve PARALLEL CLIPPER)

Vin(volt) Vin(volt)

Vout(volt)

Vout(volt)

+5V

-5V

-5V

2.7V-2.7V

-5V

+5V

+5V

INPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUITINPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT

OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT 1 OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT2

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CLIPPER CIRCUIT 5(COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT)

+5V

-5VVin(volt)

Vout(volt)

INPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT

OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT5

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF +ve CLAMPER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF -ve CLAMPER

+5V-5V

0.7V-4.3V-9.3V9.3V4.3V

-0.7V

Vin(volt)

Vout(volt)

Vout(volt)

INPUT SIGNAL FOR CLAMPER CIRCUIT

OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR A +VE CLAMPER CIRCUIT

OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR A -VE CLAMPER CIRCUIT

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OBSERVATION

SL NO. TYPE OF CLIPPER/CLAMPER

CIRCUIT

INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE

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PRECAUTION

Short circuit should be avoided.

Handle the materials carefully.

CONCLUSION