extended abstract fyp projects volume 5, 2019 · muhamad syamin bin zainudin, zarith hadri luqman...

Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2018 (EEICE 2018) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 5

Online : October 2019

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Extended Abstract FYP projects

Volume 5, 2019

MONKEY REPELLANT USING INTERNET OF THINGS Siti Nurul Amirah Afrina bt Sheikh Mohd Rosdi, Siti Nurdiyana Athirah bt Rusdi, Widad bt Mohamad Kamal,

Wan Ahmad Khusairi bin Wan Chek

page 3

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING RFID TECHNOLOGY Muhammad Khairani Abdul Rahman, Siti Nor Aisah Muhammad, Siti Nur Muslihah Muzaffar, Fatimah Nur

Mohd Redzwan

page 5

A MONITORING SYSTEM OF CARBON FOOTPRINT IN A SMALL SCALE AREA Fakhrun Najmi Bin Mohd Hilmi, Asrul Zaharin Bin Ismail, Mohammad Shahrul Ikmal Bin Suhaimie, Ermeey

Bin Abdul Kadir

page 9

SOLAR POWER RAIL LIGHTING FOR PEDESTRIAN AID Amir Qusyairi Bin Saiful Bahri, Mohd Nadzim Bin Mat Yusoof, Alif Hakimi Bin Ibrahim, Ermeey Bin Abd Kadir

page 13

NO ORDINARY BIN Nur Ain Mohamd Asri, Nur Anis Nazhirah Rosli, Dayana Kamaruzaman

page 15

RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM Muhamad ‘Azizulhakim bin Mohamed Asseri, Muhamad Afiq Aiman bin Zulkefli, Nurul Nadhilah binti Roslaini,

Afiza Nur binti Jaafar

page 17

UNICAN BIN Nor Shakinah Abdul Rahim, Nik Raihanis Nik Mohammed Din, Nor Zulaika Zafirah Azmin, Muhammad Aliff

Rosly, Dayana Kamaruzaman

page 20



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RE-GREEN BIN REVERSE VENDING MACHINE Nur Syafawati Aida Roslan, Nur Eren Mohamad Abdul Rani, Muhammad Irsyad Dhamiri Rosini, Muhammad

Aliff Rosly, Dayana Kamaruzaman page 22

WI-FI- BASED DOOR LOCK AND UNLOCK USING SMARTPHONES OR

TABLETS Muhamad Syamin Bin Zainudin, Zarith Hadri Luqman Bin Zafray, Nur Nadiah Nadhirah Binti Tajuddin, Rina

Binti Abdullah

page 24

STAND ALONE PV TREE (SPVAT) Wan Nurul Shakiroh, Muhammad Irwan Syarif, Muhammad Arif Hakimi,Ahmad Izzat Mod Arifin

page 26

FAULT DETECTION AND MONITORING FOR STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM Muhammad Syakir Bin Ab Ghani, Muhammad Amin Rafiq Bin Abdul Razak, Muhammad Syafiq Fikri Bin Mohd

Suhaimi, Raja Mohd Noor Hafizi Bin Raja Daud

page 28



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MONKEY REPELLANT USING INTERNET OF THINGS

Siti Nurul Amirah Afrina bt Sheikh Mohd Rosdi1, Siti Nurdiyana Athirah bt Rusdi

2, Widad bt Mohamad Kamal

3,

Wan Ahmad Khusairi bin Wan Chek

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

23000 Dungun Terengganu [email protected],

[email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract: This project is developed due to the problems caused by wild monkeys. The monkeys invaded the

college‟s area, created chaos and disturbed the students. Therefore, the project uses camera from a mobile phone

and a PIR sensor as inputs to detect the presence of the monkeys. Water level sensor using transistor is also used

to monitor the level of the repellant liquid consisted of shrimp paste and naphthalene to imitate a tiger‟s pee

smell. Inputs from PIR sensor and water level sensor will be sent to Arduino UNO, which triggers the GSM

module to send messages to the user‟s phone. The camera, on the other side will be streaming live using Blynk

application. User controls the motor pump that is attached to servo motor to aim the repellant liquid to the

desired place, which is also navigated through Blynk application. As an addition, this project also can alert the

residents using buzzer. In conclusion, the designed system is able to scare away the monkeys and thus, creating a

safe environment for students residing in residential college area of UiTM Dungun.

Keywords: PIR Sensor, GSM/GPRS A6 Module, Arduino UNO, Blynk Application, Wemos D1.

INTRODUCTION

There are many types of animals that can be found in UiTM Dungun such as cats, birds and even wild animals.

These wild animals such as monkeys and dogs often threaten the communities of UiTM Dungun. The most

problematic issue is the monkeys from Rhesus Monkey species. These types of monkeys have very large and sharp

canine teeth, which the monkeys use to bite, gnash and cut if threatened [1]. These monkeys also have the tendency

to pull hair and target their victim‟s eyes [2]. For monkeys, people showing teeth are a sign of threat [3]. A

misinterpreted smile may provoke an unnecessary attack. Monkeys can be unpredictable and their bites are

dangerous due to the high level of bacteria in their mouths. The monkeys are also common carrier of rabies in

developing countries [4]. In many areas, this species have been known to go to human places in search for food that

has been left out and make messes.

METHODOLOGY

This project uses 3 inputs and 4 outputs. The inputs are PIR sensor, water level sensor and camera. The outputs

are GSM, buzzer, servo motor and spray pump. When PIR sensor detected any movement, the sensor will notify

the user through the use of GSM. Then, the user will proceed to check on the camera to confirm the monkeys‟

presence. If yes, the user will command outputs on buzzer, servo motor and spray pump using Blynk application

to do desired task. Meanwhile, water level sensor will check on the water level of the repellant spray. If the water

level is low, GSM will notify the user by sending messages to refill the solution. The circuit (Figure 1) is

constructed based on typical voltage regulator circuit design with an addition of voltage divider circuit. Since the

project required different voltages such that the motor pump of the spray needs 12V, Arduino UNO needs 5V

and Wemos D1 needs 3.3V, it is figured that the best way would be supplying the highest voltage and then

dividing the voltage accordingly. The nodes with different voltages will be tapped with terminal block to connect

them with appropriate electronic equipments.

mailto:[email protected]





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Figure 1. Voltage Regulator and Divider Circuit.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The final prototype (Figure 2) is put in a cardboard with the repellant liquid in a tank, together with the water

level sensor. The camera and the pipe from the motor pump are placed on perspex board which will be rotating

accordingly to the servo motor. The buzzer and PIR sensor is attached to the cardboard so the equipment can be

seen from outside in order to have enough space to transmit radio waves.

Figure 2. Final Prototype

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed system based on Arduino UNO and Wemos D1 is found to be more compact, user friendly and

less complex, which can readily be used in order to perform several tedious and repetitive tasks. In this project,

the process is partly automated and it does not cause any hurt to the animal during repellent process.

REFERENCES

[1] Cawthon Lang, “Primate Factsheets: Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) Behavior,” Primate Info Net, Jul.

20, 2005. [Online], Available: http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/ rhesus_macaque/behav

[Accessed Oct. 5, 2018].

[2] The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Rhesus monkey,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Jul. 20, 1998.

[Online], Available: https://www.britannica.com/animal/rhesus-monkey [Accessed May 7, 2018].

[3] Matt Richardson, “Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta),” Wildscreen Arkive, Apr. 2, 2005. [Online],

Available: https://www.arkive.org/rhesus macaque/macaca-mulatta/ [Accessed Jan. 18, 2018].

[4] Melanie Di Quinzio and Anne McCarthy, “Rabies risk among travelers,” National Center for Biotechnology

Information, Feb. 26, 2008. [Online], Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pmc/articles/PMC2244672/

[Accessed Jan. 24, 2018].



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LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING RFID

TECHNOLOGY

Muhammad Khairani Abdul Rahman, Siti Nor Aisah Muhammad, Siti Nur Muslihah Muzaffar,

Fatimah Nur Mohd Redzwan

Faculty of Electrical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Mara Cawangan Terengganu,Kampus Dungun

23000 Dungun, Terengganu

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a new generation of Auto Identification and Data collection

technology which helps to automate business processes and allows identification of large number of tagged

objects like books using radio waves, RFID based library management system would allow fast transaction flow

for the library and will provide immediate and long-term benefits to library traceability and security. This project

is developed to replace the conventional library management system that designed and extremely difficult to

handle for bigger library. This system is provided an efficient for leading books using combination of RFID

sensor ARDUINO. ARDUINO is used as a main microcontroller for to operate this whole management system.

RFID will manage and control all the information of the library and the problems will be solved.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, RFID technology, library system, tag reader

INTRODUCTION

This smart management system provides an efficient lending process to students. They can borrow books using

smart phone or self-serving counter. In libraries, item is taken out and returned for many times. Thus, the same

RFID tag is re-used many times. The libraries across the globe started to use RFID to speed up the shelf check

in/out processes, to control theft and to ease the inventory control in library. The barcode technology is slowly

getting replaced by the RFID technology. The RFID tag does not have to be visible for detection. It can read

even when it is embedded in an item, such as in the cardboard cover of a book or the packaging of product. The

flow chart of this project is first, the students must enter ID number and password. The data will be sent to

ARDUINO and it will read the given data and send to RFID sensor. So, the sensor that is located at the door will

not trigger the buzzer if the students pass through the sensor gate. Use of RFID technology in a library can

decrease the time needed for circulation duties since more than one tag can be read at a time. Patron checkout

stations can additionally free up staff from these duties. The time necessary to complete an inventory of the

library collection can be reduced since inventory can be accomplished with a wand reader as the staff member

walks through the stacks of the collection. In addition to the inventory, this wand can also determine if items

have been shelved in the correct order [1-5,8].

METHODOLOGY

The flowchart in Figure 1 illustrates the procedure of this overall project. Firstly, student needs to enter their ID

and book serial. The data then will be stored in database for future use. Student then exits the library and goes

through the sensor gate. The sensor detects the presence of RFID tag by radio wave to communicate. If the

sensor detected the RFID tag, it will send a unique serial number of the RFID tag to the ARDUINO. ARDUINO

then process the information and compare it with the database. If serial was valid and registered, the process will

start over again. But, if the serial is not valid, the ARDUINO will trigger the buzzer for five seconds.







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Figure 1: Flowchart of overall project

RESULT AND DICUSSION

In this project, three outputs are shown on the LCD display and one output comes out from the buzzer in term of

sound to give notifications to the library‟s user. Each of the outputs is based on the unique serial of the RFID as

the input. The ARDUINO will process the input and identify whether the book is verified or not. The term

“verified” referred to the book that had been borrowed by the students. When the RFID sensor detects the tag, it

will send the unique serial to the ARDUINO. The ARDUINO then processes the information and compares it to

the input data in the database. Thus, it will produce these two outputs. Figure 1 shows the prototype of the

Library Management System using RFID Technology.

Figure 2: Prototype of the Library Management System using RFID Technology



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Figure 3: LCD displaying the message Figure 4: Tag is not verified

From this project, we will see three outputs that will be displayed on the LCD and one from the buzzer. Each of

the outputs is based on the unique serial of the RFID as the input. The ARDUINO will process the input and

identify whether the book is issued or not. The term “verified” referred to the book that had been borrowed by

the student. When the RFID sensor detects the tag, it will send the unique serial to the ARDUINO. ARDUINO

then processes the information and compares it to the data in database. Thus, it will produce two outputs. Figure

2 shows the output for the book that have been issued and registered in database. While Figure 3 shows the

output for the book that has not been issued but registered in database [6,7].

CONCLUSIONS

The RFID based library management system can benefit student by saving their time with fast process for both

lending and returning books. They can skip the long process of queuing and waiting for approval. Other than that,

problems such as barcode are damaged and cannot be detected can be avoided as the RFID tags are durable.

With our project, we can attract students to borrow books from library and reduce common problems in library.

Furthermore, this system is also immune to theft as RFID tags don‟t need to be directly in sight of an RFID

reader because RFID uses radio waves to communicate. RFID tags only need to be within the reading range of

the reader, which will vary depending on the equipment. The presence of buzzer also helps to alert the library

personnel if the thief was caught red handed by the system. This can reduce the amount of book lost without

trace and make they regret their behaviour. Library system becomes more efficient and structured. This is

because the system will update automatically and it can help the organizing the system based on the information

given in the RFID sensor. It can also reduce the workload of employee because after passing through the RFID

scanner, the system will be updated by the computer without using manpower.

REFERENCES

[1] https://www.circuitstoday.com/rfid-based-attendance-system

[2] https://www.electricshub.org/rfid-based-attendance-system/?amp

[3] Nevon Projects, “Library Management System Project,” 2018

[4] Manav Kendra Gyan Mandir School, “Library Management System,” 14 Feb 2014J. Clerk Maxwell, A

Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68-73.

[5] Cochin University Of Science and Technology, “Online Library Management System,” March 2014\I.S.

Jacobs and C.P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G.T.

Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350.

[6] Nikhil Valiveti, Circuit designer at Cyborg@NITR (2015-present), “What is proteus software?” 10 May

2017.K. Elissa,

https://www.circuitstoday.com/rfid-based-attendance-system

https://www.electricshub.org/rfid-based-attendance-system/?amp



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[7] Juan Gomez, Engineer, Arduino enthusiast, “What are the advantages of using an Arduino over just using

the underlying microcontroller?” 16 October 2012.R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word

capitalized,” J. Name Stand. Abbrev., in press.

[8] Projects Geek , “Library Management System Project,‟12 February 2014Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka,

and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,”

IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan,

p. 301, 1982].



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A MONITORING SYSTEM OF CARBON FOOTPRINT IN A

SMALL SCALE AREA

Fakhrun Najmi Bin Mohd Hilmi, Asrul Zaharin Bin Ismail, Mohammad Shahrul Ikmal Bin Suhaimie, Ermeey

Bin Abdul Kadir

Faculty of Electrical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Mara Cawangan Terengganu,Kampus Dungun

23000 Dungun, Terengganu

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - This paper reported the development of a system to monitor carbon footprint in a small area such as

UiTM Terengganu, Dungun Campus. Healthy environment is very important to all. Such conditions influence

not only human health but also plant. Nowadays, people uses their vehicles to commute everywhere especially in

campus. This results to releasing carbon dioxide to the surrounding due to the activities. This project is

developed due to the problems of air pollution and global warming because of carbon released by vehicles. The

main objective of is to develop carbon dioxide monitoring system which could detect harmful gasses and gives

awareness to the people by displaying the level of its intensity at a selected site. The proposed project also

followed the approach highlighted by Malaysian government which is to give awareness on decreasing the rate

of carbon dioxide by 2020. In order to achieve the objective, Carbon Dioxide Mg811 (CO2) and Carbon

Monoxide Mq7 (CO) sensor detectors are used to detect the gases. The reading from the sensors will be inputted

to the developed system. The operation of the monitoring system starts when the sensors detects the gases, then

LCD displays the level of gases intensity using different warning sign on a LED indicator. The LCD Bar is used

to show the level of carbon dioxide reading. In conclusion, the objective of the proposed system is achieved and

this system can be used to give notification on the level of harmful gases in a small campus area.

Keywords: Carbon monitoring, arduino, sensor, carbon monoxide

INTRODUCTION

A carbon dioxide detector which comprises an intimate mixture of a polymer vehicle and a carbon dioxide

sensing medium comprising an anionic fluorimetric dye and a lipophilic organic quaternary cation has been

developed in [1]. There are also some other methods used on detecting Carbon Dioxide Mg811 (CO2) and

Carbon Monoxide Mq7 (CO). The first method is by using CO (Carbon Monoxide) Gas Sensor Using with an

Arduino Uno. This simple project uses both items to sense the concentration of CO (Carbon Monoxide) in the air

[2]. Second model is CO2 detector also with Arduino Uno. The project objective is to improve the air intake

which supplies to a vegetables plant so that the produce remains fresh and stay awake and grow well [3]. The

third method is as a smoke detector. Here, a carbon monoxide detector indicated the level of the gas. As the level

is increasing, people surrounding the given site need to get to a safe place immediately [4]. There was also a

research focused on monitoring carbon dioxide footprint by using Carbon Dioxide Mg811 (CO2) and Carbon

Monoxide Mq7 (CO) sensor detector. As mentioned by the previous literature, there is a need for a system that

can monitor and give awareness to the people on the harmfulness of the gases. Based on the arguments, the

proposed system is suggested and will be developed. Finding from this research could also help the campaign

initiated by the government of Malaysia towards a green and healthy environment.

METHODOLOGY The development of this project was divided into two main parts which are hardware architecture and software

development. Both hardware and software parts play an important role to make this system works properly and

effectively. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the proposed system. For the supply, a 9V battery is used as the

energy source. Arduino Uno is selected to be controller of the system. When the sensors detect the selected gases

in the surrounding it will display a reading at a LCD and LED Bar. The reading will indicate how intense the

gases are at a selected area. The flowchart of the system operation is shown in Figure 2.







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Figure 1: Block diagram of the proposed system

In the software development, there are two software used which are Proteus 8 Professional and Arduino

Programming. Proteus 8 Professional is one of the free simulation tools that can be used as platform to design

project research especially for controller purposes. Figure 2 explain the operational of the proposed system. In

circuit simulation, the gas sensor is used as the CO2 sensor because the software does not have CO2 sensor in its

library. The Carbon Dioxide Mg811 (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide Mq7 (CO) sensor detector has four pins on it,

which is VCC (Power), GND (Ground), AO (Analog Output), and DO (Digital Output). In this project research,

only three pins will be used which are VCC (Power), GND (Ground), and AO (Analog Output). The circuit

arrangement used for the simulation is depicted in Figure 3.

Figure 2: The flowchart illustrating the operational of the proposed system



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Figure 3: Illustration shows the architecture of the proposed system using Proteus software

RESULT AND DISCUSSION As for result, an experiment is done using the developed system with variable smoke sources. The experiment is

done to demonstrate the sensitivity of carbon dioxide sensor. The result obtained from the experiment is reported

in Table 1.

Table 1: Experiment Result on Sensitivity of Carbon Dioxide MG811 (CO2) and

Carbon Monoxide MQ7 (CO) Sensor Detector

Material Sensitivity

Paper Yes Cigarette smoke No

Exhale Yes Vehicles smoke Yes

Based on the result in Table 1, air from exhale, paper and smoke from vehicles can be detected by Carbon

Dioxide Mg811 (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide Mq7 (CO) sensor detector but its sensitivity was very small.

However, smoke from a cigarette is unable to be detected due to nature of different type of gases is released

from it. From the result reported in Table I, it verified that the developed circuit successfully detects the carbon

at surrounding and displays the gases intensity reading using a LCD and Led display. The system is also able to

indicate the level of carbon dioxide when it is good and dangerous level. The developed system can be used to

give awareness to the people in a small area about the level of carbon released by their vehicles. There are two

approaches recommended to enhance the developed monitoring system. Firstly, the energy supply of the system.

Currently the system used a 9 V battery as its energy supply. In future, the energy supply could be a

photo-voltaic system which could supply the required energy continuously and also make the proposed system

mobile. Secondly, the proposed system could use other type of gas sensor, such as oxygen or nitrogen sensors,

which are normally emitted from vehicle.

CONCLUSION A proposed monitoring system for two different carbon produced by vehicle for a small scale area has been

develop for this research. The objectives for the proposed system are achieved and demonstrated using an

experiment and the results is also tabulated. This shows that, the proposed system is working accordingly and the

proposed system could help in giving the awareness of green and healthy area by using the indicator attached to

the proposed system.



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REFERENCES [1] Mills, A., Chang, Q. (1996). U.S. Patent No. 5,480,611. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark

Office.

[2] David Houlding, CO (Carbon Monoxide) Gas Sensor Using the Arduino Uno, youtube, Mar 29, 2014.

[Online], Available: http://davidhoulding.blogspot.com/2014.

[3] Suehle, J. S., Cavicchi, R. E., Gaitan, M. Semancik, S. Tin CO2 detector with arduino uno International

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management. ISSN 2231-1319, Volume 4, Number 6 (2013),

pp. 639-646.

[4] Bukowski, R. W., Averill, J. D. (1998). ”Arduino Smoke Detector”. Building and Fire Research

Laboratory National Institute of Standard and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

[5] Arduino Homepage., [Online] Available : http://www.arduino.cc/.

[6] What is Microcontroller., Parallax Inc., Version 3.0, 2009.

[7] Busquets, J.; Busquets, J.V.; Tudela, D.; Perez, F.; BusquetsCarbonell, J.; Barbera, A; Rodriguez, C.;

Garcia, AJ.; Gilabert, J.,”Low-cost AUV based on Arduino open source microcontroller board for

oceanographic research applications in a collaborative long term deployment missions and suitable for

combining with an USV as autonomous automatic recharging platform,” Autonomous Underwater

Vehicles (AUV), 2012 IEEE/OES, pp.1-10.

http://davidhoulding.blogspot.com/2014

http://www.arduino.cc/



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SOLAR POWER RAIL LIGHTING FOR PEDESTRIAN AID

Amir Qusyairi Bin Saiful Bahri, Mohd Nadzim Bin Mat Yusoof, Alif Hakimi Bin Ibrahim,

Ermeey Bin Abd Kadir


Universiti Teknologi MARA (Terengganu)

23000 Dungun, Malaysia


Abstract - Street Lighting nowadays is kept on at all time during the night and there is a waste of energy. With Solar Power Rail Lighting for Pedestrian Aid, It can lessen cost of lighting by using the system from form of renewable energy, Solar Power. This project is made to create eco-friendly lighting system for the pedestrian in campus that will help illuminate the streets where the students walk to the class at night. This project is designed with Solar Panel, Arduino Uno, Sensor (Passive Infrared Sensor, PIR and Light Dependent Resistor, LDR), Light Emitting Diode (LED), Batteries, and Relay Module. A Solar panel will charge the battery by generating electricity from the sunlight. Type of sensor that is used in this project is LDR which can detect light while PIR is to detect human movement around within the sensor. Arduino Uno functions as a microcontroller which is used to control the sensor LDR and PIR. In this project, LDR will detect the light, if there is no light at night, the light will be ready to turn on when the PIR detects movement from human. After no movement, the light will turn off after 3 seconds. In a nutshell, with this project, we can save cost for the lighting in a campus and also we can prevent blackout during power cut on a campus. Keyword: Solar; Arduino; Light; Sensor; Renewable Energy; LDR; Energy, PIR

INTRODUCTION Electricity plays a vital role in society; it is one thing that powers nearly everything that we have a tendency to use nowadays. The consumption of electricity will increase annually due to the growing demand for electricity [1-3]. Solar power can become another power supply within near future [4, 5]. Solar Power can reduce the electricity bill. By using solar power we'd be able to replace the traditional energy system so we will offer a positive economic impact.

PROJECT METHODOLOGY The development of this project was divided into two main parts which were Software Development and Hardware Implementation. Both play an important role to finish this project properly.

Figure 1: Block diagram of the project

Figure 1 above shows that the system starts from Solar panel that charges the battery by generating electricity from

the sunlight, and then voltage booster will boost the output voltage to 5V for Arduino. Then the PIR and LDR

sensors will send a signal to Arduino.








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Figure 2: Flow Chart of Solar Power Rail Lighting for Pedestrian Aid


An experiment which consists of solar testing, Calculation for Charging Batteries, Total Power Consumption and

Passive Infrared Sensor and Light Dependent Resistor result.

Table 1: Result of PIR and LDR sensor PIR LDR < 100 LDR > 100 Bulb

L L H OFF

L H L OFF

H L H OFF H H L ON

Total power consumption = 110.070 Hours, Total Charging time = 64 Hours for 4800mAh

CONCLUSION In conclusion, this project successfully builds a self-sufficient automatic lighting system with integrated sensors

and controller which uses solar energy as the energy source. Apart from that, this project managed to use a solar

energy to power the whole system. This project managed to build an automatic lighting system that will light up

when it detects a pedestrian using a PIR sensor.

REFERENCES

[1] Wikipedia; wiki; “Solar Energy”.

[2] Ceicdata.com; (1989-2018) “Malaysia Electricity Consumption”, available at

ceicdata.com/en/malaysia/electricity-generation-and-consumption/electricity-consumption.

[3] “What are solar panels”. Available at

http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/1-what-are-solar-panels.html

[4] Tarun Agarwal; July 22, (2014); “ Arduino Uno Board with Real-Time Application Projects”,

available at https://www.edgefx.in/arduino-uno-board-tutorial-and-its-applications/

[5] Ziyad Anas Bin Zahari; Student of Diploma In Electrical Engineering (Electronic); Part 5; Universiti

Teknologi Mara (Terengganu)

http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/1-what-are-solar-panels.html

http://www.edgefx.in/arduino-uno-board-tutorial-and-its-applications/



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NO ORDINARY BIN

Nur Ain Mohamd Asri, Nur Anis Nazhirah Rosli, Dayana Kamaruzaman


Universiti Teknologi MARA UiTM Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Dungun

23000, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would benefit toward the

environment and turning them into new products. No ordinary bin is designed by using reverse vending machine.

The purpose of this project to increase awareness for recycling in campus. Based on the observation obtained,

the problem is due to the recycling is not practised in UiTM Cawangan Terengganu Kampus Dungun

(UiTMCTKD). Besides, the dustbin around the campus is not attractive and does not benefit the students. The

objective of this project is to design and construct a more functional dustbin that benefits the students around the

campus using reverse vending machine system. The paper load sensor is used to measure the amount of paper

weight. After identifiying the right material and right weight of paper, LED, Buzzer, LCD, and shredder will

function. Then, user receives a token as reward. In conclusion, this project will help UiTMCTKD to reduce the

waste especially paper.

Keywords: Light Emitting Diode (LED); Liquid Crystal Display (LCD); load sensor; shredder;

recycling

INTRODUCTION

Recycling have been more crucial this following days and have become a necessity to preserve environment.

Same goes to the UiTM campus, recycling is important to bring back the healthy surrounding in UiTM. This

project focuses on how to recycle the paper since paper is the common thing that is used by students and also the

lecturer as the medium in learning process. Every semester, a lot of paper waste is produced in UiTMCTKD.

Printed paper could be reused if the papers had been recycled. Resulting to numerous numbers of papers waste,

most of the papers used in the campus is confidential. So, in this project, recycled paper is shredded to make sure

that the papers are disposed without any issues. Scope of the project is to design a prototype of a smart dustbin that

can be used in the UITM campus and the people around the campus. Therefore, this project is only limited and

covers the surroundings around the campus only. The objective of this project is to increase the act of awareness

and to practise recycling in the campus. Next, to design and construct a more functional dustbin that benefits the

students around the campus using reverse vending machine system.Some problems faced in UiTM due to the

waste are because recycling is not practised in UiTM Campus. Next, the dustbin around the campus is not

attractive and does not benefit the students [1]. For the pertinent literature of this project, the author used the Load

Sensor [2]. The load sensor is used to detect the weight of paper inserted into the machine. For this machine it has

specified weight that can be accepted and when the specified weight of paper inserted, it comes out with the reward

at the end of the process [3]. For the final result, LED lights up green and LCD shows that the paper is accepted and

reward can be claimed [4].

METHODOLOGY

Based on the flowchart of No Ordinary Bin, the function of the sensor is to detect the paper type material; other

materials such as plastics and metal are not detected. For the beginning of the process, paper is inserted into the

shredder and shredder is used to shred the paper. The paper load sensor is used to measure the amount of paper

weight. After the shredding of paper is done, the sensor will detect how much does the paper weight. Then the

LCD shows whether the weight of paper is more than 5 grams and reward is simultaneously received, LED

lights up green and the buzzer sounds. Token is dispensed by using the servo motor. If the weight of paper is less

than 5g, LCD will show that the paper is less than 5gram, LED lights up red and the buzzer sounds. According to

the block diagram, it shows that Ardunio Uno, load sensor, LCD, LED, servo motor, buzzer and resistors are

used to run this machine. So from this, Arduino Uno is a system that controls the project, sends information and

instruction. While the rest of the components are used to make sure the machine can proceed with the process of

recycling the waste which is paper until the last step, and users will get their reward.






- 16 -


During the first condition, when the sensor detects the paper and the weight of the paper is more than 5 grams.

The machine accepts the paper. Then, shredder shreds the paper and load sensor detects the weight of paper

which is more than 5 grams, LED lights up green and the buzzer sounds simultaneously. LCD shows item higher

than 5g and issues reward. Servo motor dispenses out the token. At the end user gets their reward. During the

second condition, when the sensor detects the paper and the weight of paper is less than 5 grams, the machine

accepts the paper. After that, shredder shreds the paper and the load sensor detects the weight of paper which is

less than 5g. LED lights up red and the buzzer sound simultaneously. LCD shows item less than 5g and process

failed.

Before proceeding with our main topic and the problem fınding regarding the topic of smart campus, we had

done some discussion in choosing the best project to become our final year project. We had done a few

researches regarding the major problem that have been affecting our college students and other staffs . With the

help of our supervisor, we had managed to choose the best project which is No Ordinary Bin project. After

coming with the main idea of the project, we develop a prototype that can produce a solution to withstand the

problems and eliminate the problems.

CONCLUSIONS

For our project, it can conclude that with this reverse vending machine it can reduce waste in the campus

especially waste of paper. This reverse vending machine can give a lot of advantages not only towards the

campus but also for the people that use this machine. This project can also build the awareness among the people

in our campus. If teenagers or students practicing recycling during their study‟s life, it is not impossible for them

to keep practicing recycling after they finish their study or else when they already have their career. This also

can make the young generation know how to practice recycling and make the recycling as their habits. The

recommendation in future for this project is replacing the LED bulbs to light bulb so the differences could also

be seen. The LCD could also be replaced with a touch screen that could be used to insert more paper or proceed

toward reward. The load sensor also needs to be improved by calibrating it to insert paper without removing the

shredder paper before. Lastly the servo motor needs to be improved by only dispensing a few tokens when

detected after a certain time. This project can be improved by setting the detected weight of the load sensor to

zero factor after detecting the first weight. This will make it more practical.

REFRENCES

[1] These Malaysian Vending Machines Let You Turn Your Trash into Gold,

https://vulcanpost.com/636451/recycle-plastic-gold-hellogold-klean-vending-machine ,(Accesses on

2.Mei 2018), Ellia Pikri.2018-03-27 12:06:55 [2] The development Of Smart Dustbin Towards Malaysia,

http://ir.unikl.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/1433, ( Accesses On 2.Mei.2018), IrsyadSiddiq Bin

Ibrahim Mohamad Azri Bin Jasmi

[3] New Straits Times. (2012, September 14). RM947m plan to collect, recycle waste. Retrieve

October,15,2012, from www.nst.com.my/nation/general.

[4] Norazman Abdul Majid, et al. (2012). Academic Report Writing: From Research to Presentation

(2nd

edt.) . Malaysia: Prentice Hall.



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RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

Muhamad „Azizulhakim bin Mohamed Asseri, Muhamad Afiq Aiman bin Zulkefli, Nurul Nadhilah binti Roslaini,

Afiza Nur binti Jaafar


Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu

Kampus Dungun, 23000, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract: Most educational institutions' administrators are concerned about student irregular attendance. The

conventional method of taking attendance by calling names or signing on paper is very insecure and cheating in

signature is also one of the problems. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based attendance system is one of the

solutions to address this problem. The objectives of this project are to design and simulate RFID based attendance

system using Arduino UNO and construct a program to identify and verify students‟ profiles by tagging their

student ID card on the reader. The components that were used in this project are Arduino UNO, RFID reader and

card, Real Time Clock module (RTC Module), push buttons, LEDs, LCD display and Buzzer. First of all, RTC

will set time according to the lecture hours. Students only need to place their ID card on the reader and their

attendance will be taken immediately. The LCD will display the welcome display and light the Yellow LED with

buzzer. The system will also identify students‟ profile by telling us the card is register or unregistered. When the

identification is facing an error, the red LED will light up and activate the buzzer. With real time clock capability

of the system, attendance taken will be more accurate since the time for the attendance taken will be recorded.

Lecturer can monitor their attendance on the LCD display or on the serial monitor in Arduino IDE. This data will

be saved in EEPROM of Arduino UNO. During this project, there are some problems occurred such as LCD

displayed nothing, RTC module was not functioning, RFID reader and card are not available in Proteus libraries.

Hence, the problems had been solved by doing research and troubleshooting. As conclusion, this system was

designed and simulated on the Proteus software to improvise the old attendance system and record the attendance

effectively in class.

Keywords: RFID, attendance, reader, PCB, RTC

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, most universities are still using attendance sheet to record student attendance in every class, tutorial or

laboratory. However, this conventional method is not flexible because there are possibilities that the data sheet will

be lost or student will do buddy-signing. The previous researches show that there are systems using RFID to

overcome this problem [1], [2]. Therefore, a new attendance system called RFID Based Attendance System is

developed to design and simulate RFID based attendance system using Arduino UNO and to construct a program

to identify and verify students‟ profile by tagging their student ID card on the reader. This system uses Radio

Frequency Identification which will detect the RFID card automatically within the range [3]. Other researches also

developed an attendance system using Bluetooth, Fingerprint and more[4], [5]. For the proposed system, students

just have to tag their student ID card on the RFID reader and their attendance will be recorded automatically. The

student‟s attendance will be displayed on the LCD display and it will trigger the Yellow LED with the buzzer. If

there is an error, Red LED with the buzzer will be turned on and notify whether it is an unregistered card or

attendance is closed on LCD display. On the other hand, this system can also recognize student‟s profile by their

student ID card. With Real Time Clock Module, the time taken will be more accurate.







- 18 -

METHODOLOGY Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the project.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Based on the project, the result from the system is the system could record the attendance effectively in every class

in order to monitor students‟ skip attendance. When the current time doesn‟t match with time set by RTC or

unrecognized ID student or the attendance is closed the buzzer and red LED emitted. However, when the card is

recognized or attendance is taken, the buzzer and yellow LED will emit. Other than that, this system could

identify students‟ profile just by tagging their ID card on the RFID reader. Lecturer could also monitor student

attendance on the serial monitor of Arduino IDE. During this project some problems arise as LCD does not display

anything. From the discussion, we found out that is because there is no library for RTC, LCD (20*4) and RFID

reader. After we installed the libraries on Arduino IDE, the circuit works nicely.

CONCLUSION As a conclusion, through the problems analyzed, this project can design and simulate a RFID based student

attendance system using Arduino UNO in recording their attendance effectively in every class. Next, the

developed system will provide the report generation regarding the student attendance in order to assist the lecturer

in analyzing and tracking student attendance. Besides that, a program to identify and verify students‟ profile by

tagging their student ID card on the RFID reader can be constructed. Other than that, students will not be able to

ask their buddy to sign for them anymore since the system requires their ID card to prove their attendance in the

class. Hence, using an electronic based system is better than using a paper-based system in order to collect, process,

store, and produce the attendance results and perform long-term analysis.

Figure 1. Flowchart of The Project



- 19 -

REFERENCES

[1] N. Arbain, N. F. Nordin, N. M. Isa, and S. Saaidin, “LAS: Web-based laboratory attendance system by

integrating RFID-ARDUINO technology,” 2014 2nd Int. Conf. Electr. Electron. Syst. Eng. ICEESE

2014, pp. 89–94, 2014.

[2] T. S. Lim, S. C. Sim, and M. M. Mansor, “RFID based attendance system,” 2009 IEEE Symp. Ind.

Electron. Appl. ISIEA 2009 - Proc., vol. 2, no. Isiea, pp. 778–782, 2009.

[3] S. Gakhar, J. Feldkamp, M. Perkins, R. Sun, and C. J. Reddy, “Engineering RFID systems through

electromagnetic modeling,” 2008 IEEE Int. Conf. RFID (Frequency Identification), IEEE RFID 2008, no.

d, pp. 344–349, 2008.

[4] L. Kamelia, E. A. D. Hamidi, W. Darmalaksana, and A. Nugraha, “Real-Time Online Attendance

System Based on Fingerprint and GPS in the Smartphone,” Proceeding 2018 4th Int. Conf. Wirel.

Telemat. ICWT 2018, pp. 1–4, 2018.

[5] R. Apoorv and P. Mathur, “Smart attendance management using Bluetooth Low Energy and Android,”

IEEE Reg. 10 Annu. Int. Conf. Proceedings/TENCON, pp. 1048–1052, 2017.



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UNICAN BIN

Nor Shakinah Abdul Rahim, Nik Raihanis Nik Mohammed Din, Nor Zulaika Zafirah Azmin, Muhammad Aliff

Rosly*, Dayana Kamaruzaman




*Faculty of Mechanical Engineering


Kampus Bukit Besi, 23200, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract – Nowadays, with the increasing amount of generated waste and limited landfill space for waste

disposal, reducing, reusing, and recycling (3R) activity is one of the important approaches to manage the waste

effectively. A lot of educational campaign has been implemented by the UiTM Cawangan Terengganu

(UiTMCT) like “3R Recycling campaign”, unfortunately the rate of recycling at UiTMCT is still low. Most of

residents are not aware of the direct advantages to them even when they are applying 3R in their daily life. The

problem occurs due to the lack of awareness in implementation of 3R especially in UiTMCT residences. To

overcome this issue, in this project, Automated Recycle Can with a Reward System using a reverse vending

machine concept was designed and constructed. The basic operations involve in reverse vending machine where

the empty cans are put in the bin lid which allows the user to insert can one at each time. Each inserted can is

identified by inductive proximity sensor. When the can is identified, the servo motor guides the can to the

storage bin and the user will receive the reward afterwards. Ultimately, the rewarded user will feel the direct

advantages of the 3R activity.

Keywords - Reverse vending machine, Inductive proximity sensor, Recycle bin, Waste management, 3R

INTRODUCTION

The project is about to encourage the recycle awareness among people in the UiTM Cawangan Terengganu

(UiTMCT) campus. The reason is to reduce the solid waste like can especially around the campus and to ensure

a clean environment [1]. Most of the shops in the campus are selling drinking water in drinking can, so this

project is specifically focusing on recycling the can only. The survey about recycle status in campus had been

done by questioning the staffs and the students around the campus. From this survey, several problems that are

not covered through recycle campaign are identified. Firstly, the recycle bin in the campus is not attractive.

Reverse vending machine is a machine that accepts used beverages container which is empty and returns the

money as a reward to the users. This project could be the one to attract and at the same time increase the

awareness to UiTMCT community. Other than that, lack of response towards recycle bin in campus among

students. Hence, a unique recycle bin with a reward feature using the reverse vending machine concept was

proposed. Besides, staffs and students in UiTMCT do not fully give their support toward recycle campaign that

had been launched because people think there are no direct benefits of recycling to them. In our project, the

machine is designed like vending machine that is derived from a reverse vending machine concept [2]. The

sensor detects either the item is actually a can or not. The machine then separates them in different containers.

The LCD will show the number of the can inserted. User can get the reward by pushing the button when three

cans are inserted.

METHODOLOGY

Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the project. Firstly, the IR sensor detects whether there is object or no object

inserted. If there is no object inserted, so automatically the proximity sensor does not detect any can and the

process ends. If there is an object inserted then the proximity sensor can detect whether it is metal or not. Then,

there would be two options. If non-metal is detected, so the red LED is turned on and servo motor released the

can to the left storage. The process then ends. If the proximity sensors detect metal object, so the green LED is

turned on and the servo motor released the can to the right storage. The LCD displays the amount of can

inserted. If there are 3 cans and above, when push button is pushed, then reward is released. For every 3 cans



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inserted the user gets one reward. If there are less than 3 cans, no reward is released, even though push button is

pressed.

Figure 1. Flowchart of project


The inductive proximity sensor detects whether the item is can or not and the IR sensor detects the existence of

the items while the item is inserted in the machine. If the item inserted is a can, the green LED and the buzzer

turn on and the motor pushes the item into the container. If the item inserted not a can, the red LED and the

buzzer turn on with different tone and the motor pushes the items into another container. The LCD shows the

amount of the cans inserted. The button is pushed to get reward for three cans and above . To finish the project,

we had faced some difficuties which is the push button connection has problem so we had fixed it.

CONCLUSION

As this project is not just for Final Year assignment, but it is also for the development of UiTMCT towards 3R

university concept and especially for motivating the recycling habit in people. With the concept of technology

that is used in this upcoming project, we really hope that people will start to love recycling and at the same time

will make our campus become cleaner. Then, we also can help the cleaners by reducing the trash that they need

to be clean. We also can conclude that our project, uses the same concept as the other countries which use sensor

to sense the items, use motor to move the reward and give rewards on every three items that the users insert. And

there are still some specialities in our project compared to other researches project.

REFERENCES

[1] The Environmental Importance of Recycling Aluminium

Cans,https://residentialwastesystems.com/blog/the-environmental-importance-of-recycling-aluminium-

cans/, Residential Waste Systems, December 29th

, 2014.

[2] The 3R Concept and Waste Minimization, http://www.gdrc.org/uem/waste/3r-minimization.html , Hari

Srinvas, Concept Note Series E-093, June 2015.

[3] Beardsley, D. (1985). The Impact of Recycling on the Environment. Conservation & Recycling Vol

8:387-391, Retrive October,14,2012.

[4] Maofic Farhan Karin, Khandaker Sharif Noor, (2016) IEEE Conforence on Systems, Process and

Control ( ICSPC ) Page(s): 43-46.



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RE-GREEN BIN REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Nur Syafawati Aida Roslan, Nur Eren Mohamad Abdul Rani, Muhammad Irsyad Dhamiri

Rosini, Muhammad Aliff Rosly*, Dayana Kamaruzaman




*Faculty of Mechanical Engineering


Kampus Bukit Besi, 23200, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - Plastic bottle waste contribute to 13.2% of total waste composition in Malaysia. It can take up to

1000 years for these plastic bottles to biodegrade. Hence, there are many programs related to reducing, reusing,

and recycling (3R) organized by UiTMCT‟s Unit Quality and Cakna Alam Club in order to give the

information and the importance of 3R especially to manage plastic bottle waste in daily life. However, the

implementation of 3R is still low in UiTMCT community. One of the main factors is there is no direct benefit

to them even when they do recycling. The problem occurs due to the lack of awareness in implementation of

3R and the provided dustbin is not attractive enough. Thus, the main objective of this project is to design and

construct the rewarding recycle bin using Reverse Vending Machine (RVM) system specifically for plastic

bottle. The simulation circuit is conducted by using Proteus software. An Arduino UNO is used as a

microcontroller in this project. First, the recycler places the empty plastic bottle into the machine‟s feeder unit.

Then it is identified by IR sensors. When the bottles are accepted, a reward was given. In conclusion, RVM can

be an innovative way for improving the current recycle bin to make sure that UiTMCT community can be more

aware about recycle activity.

Keywords - Reverse vending machine; Reducing, Reusing and Recycling; Infrared Sensor

INTRODUCTION

The 3R stands for reduce, reuse and recycle. Reducing is to reduce the amount of waste production, as this is the

best way to help the environment. Next, the examples of reuse like shredding paper for hamster usage rather than

buying new bedding is a way that could be reused [1]. Besides that, recycling enables the materials to be used

again by making them into new products. Recycling sounds boring, dirty and unattractive, but that might be just

the first impression for everyone. Here are some of the reasons why University Teknologi MARA Cawangan

Terengganu (UiTMCT) community should care about the dirty waste produced in daily life. First, by paying less

for waste to landfill, UiTMCT can save money. Selling the used cardboard, glass or plastic, UiTMCT might earn

some money [2]. Littering can spoil the beautiful campus gardens. Besides, by recycling it can help to reduce

environmental pollution, save and earn some money. Based on the survey conducted among community of

UiTMCT, the major problem in implementation of 3R is the recycle bin is not attractive. Students think that

recycle bin is just ordinary bin where they can throw all their waste into it. They don‟t even know which colour

of the recycle bin represents for what. Therefore, by creating a recycle bin using the reverse vending machine

system, it could be the one to attract student‟s attention and at the same time gives the awareness to the UiTM

community about the recycle. Not only that, everytime the recycle campaign was held at UiTMCT, not every

students come to support. This is because there are no direct benefits to them. They do not understand on how to

recyle, and what is the advantage of recycling. Therefore, by giving a reward to participant who take parts in

recycling activity, hopefully it could encourage UiTMCT community to recycle and save the UiTM‟s

environment. Theoretically, this principle is related to the implementation of „Positive Reinforcement Principle‟

which stated that a behaviour is more likely to happen in the future if there is encouragement involved.

METHODOLOGY Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the project. The input is IR sensor for detecting the plastic bottle. Arduino

UNO is used as the microcontroller for controlling the whole project. The outputs are light-emitting diode (LED)

green and red, liquid-crystal display (LCD), reward and servo motor. The condition is set as when 2 plastic

bottles are inserted, the reward is given. When there is no bottle detected, the red LED lights up and the LCD

displays “Please insert plastic bottle”. When the IR sensor detects the plastic bottle, the servo motor 1 is


mailto:[email protected],




- 23 -

activated to allow the plastic bottle to be inserted into the bin then the recyclers have to insert another plastic

bottle so that the reward is given.

Figure 1. Block Diagram

Figure 2. Prototype


When there is no operation (before the sensor detects the bottle) the LCD displays the operation “Please insert

plastic bottle”, and red LED lights up. When the sensor detects the bottle, LCD displays “Accepted”, servo

motor 1 is activated to allow the bottle into the bin and green LED lights up. LCD displays “add 1 more bottle”

and the user must insert two bottles to get the money as a reward. LCD displays “Processing” and servo motor 2

is activated for money dispenser and the reward was given to the user. Figure 2 shows the prototype of RVM

system. There are feeder unit, LCD display unit and reward unit.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, by replacing the current recycle bin with reverse vending machine it can gives awareness of how

much the importance of doing this recycling activities by giving money as the reward. The objectives of this

project have been achieved as attractive recycle bin was invented using the reverse vending machine concept.

Therefore, the implementation of 3R especially for plastic bottle will increase among community as well as a

clean and beautiful environment in our campus can be the example to other universities to apply this concept.

REFERENCES

[1] Veolia, (2018), “3R‟s-Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”, [Online] Available:

https://www.veolia.co.uk/nottinghamshire/recycling/recycling/3rs-reduce-reuse-and-recycle

[Accessed: 12- Dec- 2018]

[2] Helen Thompson, "Recycling: You May Be Doing It Wrong", Smithsonian, 2018. [Online]. Available:

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/recycling-you-may-be-doing-it-wrong-180951192/.

[Accessed: 12- Dec- 2018].

INPUT:

IR sensor

MICRO

CONTROLLER:

Arduino UNO

OUTPUT:

LED, Reward, LCD display,

servo motor

Display unit Reward unit

Feeder unit

https://www.veolia.co.uk/nottinghamshire/recycling/recycling/3rs-reduce-reuse-and-recycle



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WI-FI- BASED DOOR LOCK AND UNLOCK USING

SMARTPHONES OR TABLETS

Muhamad Syamin Bin Zainudin, Zarith Hadri Luqman Bin Zafray, Nur Nadiah Nadhirah Binti Tajuddin, Rina

Binti Abdullah


Universiti Teknologi Mara Cawangan Terengganu (UiTMCT)

23000 UiTM Dungun Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract - “Wi-Fi- Based Door Automation using Smartphones and Tablets” was designed for a key-less

concept based on Wi-Fi module (ESP8266). It is designed to lock and unlock the door using application on

smartphones or tablets. It can be applied at any door that requires lock and unlock system around the campus.

Using a key to lock and unlock the door would take a lot of time especially when we run out of time. Apart of

that, people tend to lose the key itself as they forget where they put the key or left it somewhere. Conventional

lock that uses keys has a very poor security level. The main objectives are to achieve a key-less concept which is

easier and more efficient for users and to develop a higher level of security at halls and lecturers‟ room that can

be controlled through smartphones and tablets through Blynk application to lock and unlock the door. The

system operates when the smartphones or tablets are connected to Wi-Fi. From that, user needs to access

application in smartphone or tablets to insert the correct password for secure security. Wi-Fi-module acts as

transmitter to transmit the signal from the smartphones or tablets and the Arduino UNO acts as a

micro-controller to produce an automated function. If the password is correct, solenoid will be active but if the

password is wrong, solenoid will deactivate.

Keywords- Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi-module, Arduino UNO, Microcontroller, Solenoid, Blynk

INTRODUCTION “Wi-Fi- Based Door Automation using Smartphones and Tablets” was designed for a key-less concept based on

Wi-Fi module. It is designed to lock and unlock the door using application on smartphones or tablets. The

system operates when the smartphones or tablets connected to Wi-Fi. From that, user needs to access application

in smartphone or tablets to insert the correct password for security. Wi-Fi-module acts as transmitter to transmit

the signal from the smartphones or tablets, The Arduino acts as a microcontroller to produce an automated

function. If the password is correct, solenoid will be active but if the password is wrong, solenoid will be

deactivated. A Digital Door Lock System for the Internet of Things with Improved Security and Usability [1],

detects physical impacts applied by a visitor and notifies the user‟s mobile device. Optimized Door Locking and

Unlocking Using IOT for Physically Challenged People [2], is about lock and unlock the door using remote door

lock controller. The remote door lock controller remotely unlocks a door mechanism using a wireless remote

controller. This paper proposes a new innovation of WI-Fi- Based Door Automation using Smartphones and

Tablets. It can be controlled by Blynk application that is installed in the smartphones. It uses a unique design

which is Wi-Fi module as a transmitter and it can transmit the data from certain range. This is to save time

especially when we run of time as someone doesn‟t require to lock or unlock the door using a key. It is easier

and more efficient for users and to develop a higher level of security at halls and lecturers‟ room that can be

controlled through smartphones and tablets through Blynk application to lock and unlock the door.






- 25 -

METHODOLOGY

Figure 1: Block diagram for Wi-Fi based door automation using smartphones or tablet.

User needs to install Blynk application to connect to the Wi-Fi- module, ESP8266 to transmit a signal which

later will be received by the Arduino UNO. The latter then will transmit back the signal to the relay. Relay

controls the direction of the solenoid either forward or reverse. The former indicates the solenoid is ON and the

latter indicates the solenoid is OFF. After the 12V direct current (DC) battery supply is turned ON, the circuit

starts to operate. It is connected to the Arduino to produce 3.3V to the Wi-Fi module and 5V to the relay. The

relay also needs 9V from the supply to control the solenoid.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION User needs to connect to Wi-Fi with smartphone or tablet, and then access the Blynk application to insert the

password. When the user enters the correct password, the Wi-Fi module will receive the signal and the user

needs to choose button ON or OFF to lock or unlock the door. If the user enters the wrong password, the

solenoid will deactivate and red LED is turned on.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, this Wi-Fi-based door automation system is able to achieve the main purposes of this project

which are to attain the key-less concept and to develop a higher level of security. This door automation system

will be applied at the lecturers‟ room and halls as the system is basically designed to help and ease lecturers‟ and

staffs‟ work. This system can save man power as it takes only single person to control and activates the lock and

unlock system. This system will also save more time as the staffs do not have to move from their office to hall to

lock and unlock the door every time before and after an event.

REFERENCES

[1] Ohsung Doh, Ilkyu Ha, “A Digital Door Lock System for the Internet of Things with Improved Security

and Usabilty” Advanced Science and Technology Letters, vol. 109, 2015 [2] Bruce (2012, Dec. 16). “Advantages of Keyless Entry Systems”. Available: Anuradha.R.S, Bharathi.R,

Karthika.K, Kirithika.S and S.Venkatasubramanian, “Optimized Door Locking and Unlocking using

IoT for Physically Challenged People” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and

Communication Engineering, vol.4, issue 3, March 2016



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STAND ALONE PV TREE (SPVAT) Wan Nurul Shakiroh, Muhammad Irwan Syarif, Muhammad Arif Hakimi,

Ahmad Izzat Mod Arifin


UiTM Terengganu

23000 Dungun Terengganu


Abstract: Landscape is an important thing to create an accent to the enviroment. Most landscapes in the world

used a real tree in the landscape to make certain place more attractive. Unfortunately, when the the real tree are

used it needs more cost and extra care. For that reason, Stand Alone PV Tree was invented. Stand Alone PV Tree

is an artificial tree that has an ability to produce electricity. This system takes benefit from the sunlight and

converts into electricity [1]. This artificial tree is similar to a small tree where the solar panels will act as leaves

and at the vase will have USB port to channel the output to the user. Stand Alone PV Tree used a stand-alone or

off grid photovoltaic system that makes this project totally isolated from the grid connected. The main objectives

are to create a functional park that not only beautiful but also a green technology of charging device at outdoor

areas. This concludes that in modern eras nowadays even electrical source can be combined with nature therefore

the pollution of nature can be avoid. Keywords: Solar Tree, stand alone, photovoltaic, battery, Off grid

INTRODUCTION Renewable energy is defined as one category energy source that comes from resources which are continually

replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, geothermal heat and etc. Then there is rise in the

renewable energy projects whether it in large-scale or in small scale. Renewable technologies are built to be suited

in human development life as nowadays human lives with sophisticated technology. Solar energy, that comes from

sunlight ray and heat from the sun, is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar

photovoltaic, artificial photosynthesis etc. It is considered as one of the main sources of renewable energy [1]. This

solar technology is broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture,

convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar

thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting

materials with favourable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate

air. “Solar power” is the common name of sunlight converted into electricity, either directly using photovoltaic

(PV), or indirectly using Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) [2].

METHODOLOGY

SAPVT project actually consist of two parts and that is hardware and software. For the hardware part it refers to

the development of the device or the prototype itself including the circuit construction, printed circuit board

(PCB) etching, soldering process and prototype development. As for the software part it is more focused on the

program development specifically during the circuit simulation and compilation, because the project system is

fully based on circuit. The main source of electricity is the sunlight where solar panels will collect the source and

convert it into electricity. Next, it will enter the charging process where it will first go through lithium battery

12V to store charge and from the lithium battery it will connect to USB port as its output.

RESULT AND DICUSSION

This project has done two types of test. Firstly, the time taken to charge the battery 12V/1.2A and the time taken

for the battery to last long. For the time taken to charge the battery it takes mostly 8 to 9 hours to become full,

the battery will charge faster when the input power is 15V but if it is below it will charge slower. The LED in

circuit will light up as sign of the charging battery is in progress. Next, time taken for battery to last long:-






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Table 1: Testing

Testing object Lasting time (hour)

I. Mobile phone 4-5

II. Mini fan 9

The source from sunlight hits the solar panel where the solar panel connection totally consists of 16.5V/0.3A.

The source to charge the battery is enough to light up the LED as signal of charging battery. As the result the

output is 4.08V/1A and the test objects are mobile phone and mini fan. Both of the objects functionally operate.

For the test involving time taken by battery to last long when there is no sunlight, it proves that any gadgets can

function when the USB cable is inserted into output port.

CONCLUSIONS Stand Alone PV Tree is a green technology with the theme of smart campus where it helps people in surrounding

campus find electricity at outdoor areas. This project proves that technology can develop into nature smoothly as

it blends with the nature and modern building where it will be placed near park or landscape campus surrounding

[4]. Therefore main objectives of this project automatically will be achieved where it encourages students to

enjoy outdoor without separating with their gadgets while able to find the electricity source in outdoor area and it

will help to raise the awareness of renewable energy and green technologies [5].

REFERENCES [1] K. Lahiri, A. Raghunathan, and S. Dey, "Battery-driven system design: a new frontier in low power

design", in Proc. IEEE International Conference on VLSI Design, pp. 261-267, 2002. [2] A. P. Chandrakasan and R. W. Brodersen, Low Power CMOS Digital Design. Kluwer Academic

Publishers, MA, 1996.

[3] Wiplabs (2017, Oct. 10). Gingko Solar Tree [Online]. Available:

https://wiplabs.com/products/ginkgo-solar-tree

[4] Researchgate (2012, Feb.2). A microcontroller based building automation system [Online] Available:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282846392_A_Microcontroller_Based_Building_Automation

_System_for_real_time_sensing_and_control

[5] Chevalien, L. and Norton, J. (1979), "Wind loads on solar collector panels and support structure",

Aerospace Engineering Department, Texas A&M University.

[6] Richard J. Komp, Practical Pholtovoltaic: Electricity From solar Cells, Aatec publication, 3rd

ed revised,

2001

https://wiplabs.com/products/ginkgo-solar-tree

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282846392_A_Microcontroller_Based_Building_Automation_System_for_real_time_sensing_and_control

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282846392_A_Microcontroller_Based_Building_Automation_System_for_real_time_sensing_and_control



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FAULT DETECTION AND MONITORING FOR STREET

LIGHTING SYSTEM

Muhammad Syakir Bin Ab Ghani, Muhammad Amin Rafiq Bin Abdul Razak, Muhammad Syafiq Fikri Bin

Mohd Suhaimi, Raja Mohd Noor Hafizi Bin Raja Daud


Universiti Teknologi MARA (Terengganu)

Dungun, Malaysia


Abstract - This report described the fault detection and monitoring for street lighting system. This project is

made to automatically detect any fault that occurs in street lighting system. This project consists of LDR Sensor

Module, Relay Module, AC power supply, bulbs, an Espresso Lite V2 and a mobile application. LDR is used

to detect if any fault occurs and the AC power supply is to imitate the use of AC power supply in lighting

system. Espresso Lite V2 is used to process input and output and data sending via internet. The application is

used to receive data about the fault. By utilizing the internet, we can easily be informed if any fault occurs at any

part of lighting system anytime and anywhere. By doing this, the management can quickly and effectively fix

any fault that occurs. Citizens will be safe, and the crime rate can be decreased. This research paper showed that

fault detection and monitoring project can increase the efficiency of the management system, made citizens feel

safer and even decrease the crime rate especially involving abducting, purse snatch and raping.

Keyword: Espresso Lite V2, LDR Sensor Module, Relay Module, Street Lighting System

INTRODUCTION The street lighting system is the one of the largest energy expenses for a city. A smart street lighting system can

reduce the corporation street lighting costs. [3] Recently, the conservation of electricity consumption and proper

maintenance lead to improvements in the latest techniques and technologies that allowed the environment and

management to be more organized. This system gives the solution to those problems that can make it detect fault

faster [2]. The fault detection for the street lighting system uses sensors and espresso. The lamp is used to

simulate street lighting. Then, the application was created to send the information to the managements. When

fault is detected, lamp will go out and the system will send the information to the management. Then, the

technician will fix the problem.

PROJECT METHODOLOGY The development of this project consists of two important parts which were hardware development and software

development. Figure 1 shows the process flow chart of Fault Detection and Monitoring the Street Lighting

System. The process starts from AC power supply. The LDR will send input signal. If the LDR does not detect

light, thus the street lighting gets tripped and the signal will be sent to espresso lite v2. After the espresso lite

v2 has received the signal, the application will display the output. Figure 1 shows that the system starts from AC

power supply. AC current sensor will send the signal to the Espresso Lite V2. Thus, it will go to application and

display the output stating the street lighting was tripped.

Figure 1: Block Diagram







- 29 -

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Based on the analysis results from the experiments conducted, we can derive that LDR sensor is very accurate

and precise as detection devices for street lighting. The experiments have been executed and the results have

been recorded. Figure below shows the result which was recorded based on the experiments.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, this project is to detect fault system for street lighting to increase control and management system

in street lighting. This is because, the advancement of technologies eases our work, reduces problem and

increases efficiency. So, the managements can easily, swiftly and accurately detect fault. Besides that, the

management can solve the problems in street light faster.

REFERENCES

[1] Fares S. El-Faouri, Munther Sharaiha, Daoud Bargouth, and Ayman Faza, Electrical Engineering

Department Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman, Jordan “A Smart Street Lighting

System Using Solar Energy” [2] Akash RB1, Holabasappa K2, Kiran Kumar DM3, Kiran Mardi4, Asst Prof Smt.B.M.Nandini5,

“STREET LIGHT MONITORING AND CONTROLLING SYSTEM”

[3] Fabio Leccese Electronic Engineering Department University Roma Tre Rome, leccese@

Uniroma3.it Zbigniew Leonowicz Faculty of Electrical Engineering Wroclaw University of

Technology Wroclaw, Poland, “Intelligent wireless street lighting system”, Available:

[email protected]

[4] V.Sumathi1, A.Krishna Sandeep1, B.Tarun Kumar11 School of Electrical Engineering, Vit University,

Vellore, India, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

“Arm Based Street Lighting System with Fault Detection”

[5] Akash RB1, Holabasappa K2, Kiran Kumar DM3, Kiran Mardi4, Asst Prof Smt.B.M. Nandini5, 1,

2,3,4,5 ISE, National Institute of Engineering, Mysore, “STREET LIGHT MONITORING AND

CONTROLLING SYSTEM”

[6] Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis (2000). Arduino –

software, Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

Figure 3: When LDR detects

the light trip

Figure 2: When system

detects in night time





https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

extended abstract fyp projects volume 5, 2019 · muhamad syamin bin zainudin, zarith hadri luqman...

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