extended learning project

8/9/2019 Extended Learning Project

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TheCrusades


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Extended

LearningAssignment

Your teacher will give you the exact date for the completed work to be handed in when these booklets are given out. It is your responsibility to make sure that you hand your homework in at

the correct time. Because of the length of time you are given to complete the various tasks it will be up to you to plan how and when you will complete them. Take our advice and dont leave itup until the last minute! You will be advised as to what stage you should be at in the booklet.

As you will be completing many of these tasks at home it is expected that you will seek help from parents, older brothers and sisters etc. That is perfectly all right as long as you remember it isyour work not theirs. You may hand write and/or draw your work or produce it on a computer (preferred). Any paper you need can be obtained from your teacher. Good luck!

Put the title The Crusades on top of the paper and then complete the following tasks. For each

task put a sub-title.

Internet Sites you might like to research into.

www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbooklk.htmlwww.mrdowling.com/606islam.htmlwww.medievalcrusades.com/www.templarhistory.comwww.historylearningsite.co.uk www.schoolshistory.org.uk

Dont forget, you can always ask Jeeves!

In this age of computers it is all too easy to forget books. They may not be as glamorous but theyare still the best and most accessible source for research. The Resource Centre at school has anumber of excellent books that contain details about the Crusades. The History department alsohas a number of books that are available, see your teacher.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbooklk.htmlhttp://www.mrdowling.com/606islam.htmlhttp://www.medievalcrusades.com/http://www.templarhistory.com/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbooklk.htmlhttp://www.mrdowling.com/606islam.htmlhttp://www.medievalcrusades.com/http://www.templarhistory.com/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/


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Task One

Look carefully at the following list of events. Some have been given a date, some havenot. Research in as many sources as you can find to find dates for the events not givenone. When you have got dates for all the events arrange them in chronological order on

a timeline. The timeline should go from AD 1090 to AD 1300. Draw your line down thecenter of the page. Put the various crusades on the left and the events on the right.

The Fourth Crusade 1202-1204; The Seventh Crusade 1248-1254; Jerusalemcaptured by first crusaders; The battle of Hattin; The Peasants Crusade 1095-1096;The Sixth Crusade 1228-1254; The Third Crusade 1189-1192; The Crusader state of Edessa is recaptured by the Muslim leader Zangi; Richard Lionheart recapturesAcre from the Muslims; The great Muslim leader Saladin dies in Damascus 1193;The Second Crusade 1147-1149; The Crusaders capture and loot the Christian cityof Constantinople; The Childrens Crusade 1202; The Fifth Crusade 1218-21;Jerusalem recovered peacefully from Muslim control by Emperor Frederick II; TheFirst Crusade 1096-1099; Muslims recapture Jerusalem 1244; The city of Acre, thelast Christian stronghold is captured 1291.

Now see if you can add four events of the crusades to your timeline that havent alreadybeen mentioned and that you find interesting.

Task Two

Draw or somehow acquire a map similar to the one below and put it into your work thenanswer the questions underneath it. Remember to answer in full sentences that makesense!

Map of the First Crusade


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1. Why was it important for the crusaders to control the eastern Mediterranean sea?2. Looking at the map, why was the city of Constantinople important to the crusaders3. What were the four most important cities in the Holy Land at that time?4. What were the four most important cities in North Africa at that time?

5. What is the name of the large island to the west of the Holy Land?Task Four

Write the following paragraph down filling in the missing words that can be foundunderneath. Be warned, not all the available words are correct. You will need toresearch for the correct words.

The Crusades can also be called the wars of the ----------. They took placeover a period of about --------- hundred years. They took place because in theyear ----- the holy city of Jerusalem had been captured by the ------. Theywere Muslims, who followed a religion called -----. They did not massacre thepeople of Jerusalem or steal their possessions. But they did build many----------- for Muslims to worship in. Many -------------- were unhappy that theMuslims had captured the holy city of Jerusalem. For many years Christiansand Muslims lived reasonably peacefully side-by-side. In the eleventh centurya new group of Muslims called the --------- captured Jerusalem. They alsodefeated the ------- Roman Empire at the battle of -------------. They were fiercetowards Christians and gave some Christian -------------- a hard time as theytraveled through the Holy Land. Many Christians thought this was wrong.

The First crusade started when Pope ------- preached a sermon at ----------- inFrance. When he had finished many knights and others decided to go andrecapture the Holy Land.

Task Five

Match the following words to the meanings you see below and then write them downneatly.

Crusade Martyr Miracle Military Order Penitents Pilgrim

Spiritual Worldly Holy Land Koran Massacre Islam

John Paul, Followers, Turks, Urban, Islam, Adrianople, Five,Three, Pilgrims, Western, Arabs, Paris, AD 638, Cross,Persians, Christians, Clermont, Eastern, Mosques, AD 1066,Manzikert.


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Not spiritual, concerned with things in this lifeA religious community of knights, soldiers and medical people.The followers of the teachings of Jesus.Someone who suffers for his/her religious faith.A Christian holy war.Someone on a religious journey.Sinners who want to be forgiven.The name of the religion followed by Muslims.A marvelous unnatural event.The area of land to the east of the Mediterranean Sea mentioned in the Bible.The holy book of the Muslims revealed by the Prophet Mohammed.To do with religion.

Task Six

One of the skills a historian must have is to be able to tell the difference betweencause

and effect. Here is an example.When I got up to go to school this morning I couldnt find by briefcase. By the time Ifound it I was late for school.In this example the cause (what makes something happen) was: I couldnt find my

briefcase. The effect (what happens as the result of a caus e) is I was late for school.

Here are some sentences about the Peoples Crusade. Can you find a cause and effect ineach sentence. Write each of them down.

Peter the Hermit preached that people must go to the Holy Land. Threehundred thousand peasants and others answered his call and began to walkto the Holy Land.

In Hungary the crusaders behaviour was so bad that the local people oftenattacked them rather than helped them.

The Turks killed most of the Peoples Crusaders when they crossed intoAnatolia because many were not properly equipped for war or any good at

fighting.

Now read the passage below about the First Crusade. Copy it down underlining each phrase or sentence that you think is a cause in blue and each phrase or sentence that youthink is an effect in red.

In the summer of 1097 the crusaders set off for Jerusalem. The Muslims burnedorchards and poisoned wells, so the crusaders were short of food and water. But


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they won the battle of Dorylaeum in July because they were better at full-scalebattles than the Muslims. When they got to the city of Antioch some of thecrusaders wanted to give up because they thought the city was to strong tocapture. Then the Holy Lance was found and the Crusaders spirits rose. Theyfought off the Muslims and captured the city.

Task Seven

Imagine that you are a knight who heard Pope Urban in Clermont calling for a war againstthe Muslims. Filled with anger and enthusiasm you decide to take the cross and go.Sensibly you gather what possessions and equipment you feel you would need and then,together with a trusted servant you set out for the Holy Land. You joined the column led

by Robert of Normandy. After many adventures, frights, desperate and terrible times youwere part of the force that finally captured Jerusalem. Imagine also that you kept a diaryduring your trip. In your own words write the entries of four days.

The day you heard the Pope.How did you feel? What did he say that movedyou? Were you nervous or afraid?

The day you set off..What equipment did you take? What were your feelings asyou said goodbye? Were you pleased or sad?

A day on the march from Acre to Jerusalem..What condition were you in? Hadyour feelings about the crusade changed? What were your hopes and fears?What was the countryside like? What did you feel about the Muslims? Had your feelings towards them changed over your journey?

The day you stormed into Jerusalem..What things had you seen and done?How did you feel about what happened when the crusaders entered Jerusalem?What will you do now that Jerusalem was captured?

To do this piece of work properly you will have to research the First Crusade in order tofind out what was going on. The better the research the better account you will be able togive.

Task Eight

Here is what two modern historians have said about getting to Jerusalem.Historian One

It was very difficult getting to the Holy Land. It required a lot of money and large amounts of supplies. Many crusaders died of starvation or disease on the way. Another problem was thatthere were no proper maps and the crusaders couldnt always be sure of where they were going.


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Historian Two

1. Historian One gives facts as well as opinions. Write down one statement of fact in his account. Begin your answer, One statement of fact abouttraveling to Jerusalem is

2. Historian Two gives facts as well as opinions. Write down one statement of fact in his account. Begin your answer, One statement of fact abouttraveling to Jerusalem is

3. However these two historians differ in their opinions. Find the opinion theydisagree about and write it down. Write your answer like this, The twohistorians disagree whetherOne says that it was

veryand the other says that... I believe from my research that Historian .isprobably correct. These two sources show us that historians do not always.. .

Task Nine

In 1187 the Muslims, under Saladins leadership recaptured Jerusalem. Thisevent was to shock Europe and caused the Third Crusade. The next two sourceslook at the capture of Jerusalem from the Christian and Muslim points of view.Read them carefully and then answer the questions.

The Muslim Account

Saladin eventually agreed to the surrender of Jerusalem without killing theinhabitants. They were allowed to buy their freedom. Balian promised to pay30,000 pieces of gold to free the poor.

The Christian Account

Getting to Jerusalem was no great problem. During the time of the crusades thousands of menand their equipment were transported from Europe to the Holy Land. I think the historians havemade too much of the difficulties involved.

The Crusaders showed great courage at first. For both sides this was a religious war. The soldiersdid not need any orders from their leaders to encourage them. They defended their positionsfearlessly. But the Christian leaders thought it would be best to surrender. Some of the chief citizenswent to see Saladin.I shall treat you as the Christians treated the Muslims when they took the Holy City, he said . I

shall kill the soldiers, and make everyone else a slave. In short I shall return evil for evil.When he got this answer Balian, the commander of Jerusalem, asked to meet Saladin. His requestwas granted. Balian bravely said:

I swear by God we shall kill our women and children and burn all our possessions. You shall find no women for slaves, or men to put in irons. We shall slaughter the 5,500 Muslims imprisoned within our walls. We shall not leave one beast of burden alive.


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1. How can we tell that the Muslim writer seems to have admired the Christiancrusaders? Select words from the passage to illustrate your answer.

2. How do we know that Saladin was prepared to be merciful?3. How can we tell that the Christian writer did not like Saladin and the

Muslims? Select words from the passage to illustrate your answer.4. What details do the two accounts agree on?5. Why, do you think are the two accounts different? Which account do you

believe the most? Explain why you think this.

Task Ten

By the middle of the Thirteenth century the Crusades in the Holy Land were over.The Muslims had recaptured all the area. Militarily the whole thing had been afailure however the crusaders did bring many new ideas back to Europe withthem.

Read the following sentences. They are in two halves. Match the heads and tailsto make complete sentences that are accurate and make sense and write themdown on your paper.Heads TailsThe Fourth Crusade was his Empire split up.During the first half of the Thirteenth century recaptured Jerusalem.On Saladins death the last major expedition to the Holy Land.The Muslims made money by in Spain, Egypt and the Baltic.New crusaders preferred to fight These were the MongolsIn 1244 the Muslims trading with the Frankish states.In 1260 a new force entered the area. the Crusader states were just a few towns.In 1261 Baybars the crusader states had all been captured.He soon captured became Sultan of Egypt.By 1291 Caesarea, Arsuf and Antioch.

Task Eleven Extension Work

If you have completed all the work above you can complete an extra piece of work if you like.

With the omens foretelling success, the victorious Saladin made for Jerusalem full of haste and hate.With his usual unholy insolence he broke into the holy places. Long ago, when our troops took Jerusalem after their victory at Antioch in 1099, they had raised a stone cross above the wall tocommemorate the event. This the savage horde demolished with a heavy object.The terrified mob (inside Jerusalem) kept begging their rulers to start talks with Saladin to hand over the city. The agreement was more to be regretted than praised. Anyone who could not pay theransom to buy his or her freedom was taken captive. Fourteen thousand people who would not pay

became slaves forever.


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Research and write a paragraph on the Childrens Crusade.

Dont forget to hand in your completed work on time!

extended learning project

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