extended summary: media bias characterization in …...word embedding association test - associate...
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Extended Summary: Media Bias Characterization in Brazilian Presidential Elections
Allan SalesLeandro BalbyAdriano Veloso
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Media Bias Example
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TV Globo and Record TV announcing the brazilian president receptioning in Israel
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“While receiving Bolsonaro, Israeli first minister is also facing corruption charges”
Framing effect
Record TV TV Globo
“Jair Bolsonaro was received in the airport by the Israeli first minister, that, in 10 years, only repeated the gesture to four other heads of state.”
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People’s opinions might change based on how information is presented to them
Why should I care?
Context
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News Dataset
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News Outlet Year #News/year Total
FolhaSP
2010 11.895
41.3392014 11.816
2018 17.628
Estadão
2010 10.072
52.2382014 8.717
2018 33.449
VEJA
2010 2.778
16.9022014 6.226
2018 7.898
Carta Capital
2010 1.264
4.6512014 997
2018 2.390
Bias Indicators
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Coverage
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Definition
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Coverage Bias (CB):
● Actual Coverage Rate (ACR)○ Number of news (intuition)
● Expected Coverage Rate (ECR)○ Average number of news per news outlet (intuition)
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Results
Candidates that made to the 2° round
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Candidates that made to the 2° round
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Candidates that made to the 2° round
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Association
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Word Embedding Association Test
Based on Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Unveils unconscious associations we make between concepts
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Word Embedding Association Test - Define Targets and Attributes
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Word Embedding Association Test - Define Words
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Word Embedding Association Test - Measure Distance
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Word Embedding Association Test - Associate Targets to Attributes
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Targets and Attributes
Targets:
● Candidatures - 2018○ Haddad, Bolsonaro, Ciro,
Marina
● Candidatures - 2014○ Dilma, Aécio, Marina
● Candidatures - 2010○ Dilma, Serra, Marina
Attributes:
● Social○ Immoral x Moral○ Terrible x Great○ Acceptable x Unacceptable
● Economic○ Development x Stagnation○ Deficit x Surplus
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Word Embedding Association Test - Instantiation
Association Results
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Results - Splitted by news outlet and election year
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Results - Example
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Results - 2018 - Negativity associated to Bolsonaro
Subjectivity
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Are we reading a fact or someone’s opinion about a fact?
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Subjectivity Dimensions*
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● Argumentation: related to argumentative discourse;○ Ex.: at least, moreover.
● Presupposition: previous assumption of something;○ Ex.: guess, admit.
● Sentiment: emotional speech;○ Ex.: calm down, stressful.
● Valoration: related to intensification of something;○ Ex.: hugely, better.
● Modalization: indicates an established position on something or someone.○ Ex.: undeniable, unquestionable.
* (AMORIM; CANÇADO; VELOSO, 2018)
Subjectivity Computation
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Subjectivity Results
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Results
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Results - Most Subjective
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Final Remarks
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Final Remarks
Methodology for investigating Media Bias
Carta Capital and VEJA corroborate with common sense
Portuguese corpora!
Media Bias Characterization in Brazilian Presidential Elections
Allan SalesLeandro BalbyAdriano Veloso
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