extension’s engagement with the policy process: policy ... · •scientist –panchayat linkage...
TRANSCRIPT
EXTENSION’S ENGAGEMENT WITH THE POLICY PROCESS: POLICY PLANNING AT THE MOA&FW LEVEL
CHANDRE GOWDA M J
PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST
ICAR-ATARI BENGALURU
THIS SESSION…..
How policy changes happen?
Are policy makers looking for evidence and if so what type of evidence?
Are policy makers looking for evidence and if so what type of evidence?
1. HOW POLICY CHANGES HAPPEN?
• Think tanks and Commissions - NCF
• Parliamentary committees - PSA
• Seminars – National Seminar on AE 2009
• Stakeholders meets – Eg. PMFBY
• Working Groups – Planning Commission – 12th Plan - NMAE
• Donor agency influences – T&V, NATP-ATMA
• Political ideologies, other state experiences – NFSM
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON FARMERS : 2004-06NATIONAL POLICY ON FARMERS : 2007
• PM of India 2004: double annual foodgrain production from the present 210 million tonnes to 420 million
tonnes within the next 10 years - doubling the farm income
• Re-designating the Ministry of Agriculture as the ―Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare‖
• 2006-07 as the Year of Soil Health Enhancements
• Re-tool and re-equip all Soil Testing Laboratories
• provide each farm household with a Soil Health Card
• Credit and Insurance
• support the banking system for reducing the rate of interest for crop loans to 4%
• Crop Insurance cover to all farmers and all crops - PMFBY
• credit and insurance literacy through the Every Village a Knowledge Centre
NCF (2016) RECOMMENDS….
• Identify farm families from whom other farmers can learn (land to land transfer of
technology) - Farm Schools under ATMA
• Cadre of Rural Farm Science Managers to demystify BT and ICT
• Scientist – Panchayat linkage Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav
• Panchayat-led integrated energy generation and management movement
• Land use advice should be based on the quantity and quality of the available irrigation
water and temperature (interlinking of rivers)
NCF (2016) RECOMMENDS….
• Train atleast one woman and one male member of every Panchayat(2.4 lakh x 2) to
become Members of a Bharat Nirman Corps (Officials Training under ATMA)
• Every Village a Knowledge Centre - a combination of the Internet/ cell phone and
community radio (CRS under ATMA)
• There is a huge potential of untapped yield enhancement in Eastern India (Bringing
Green Revolution in Eastern India)
NCF (2016) RECOMMENDS….
• KVKs, should be developed into Krishi and Udyog Vigyan Kendra (Skill Development
Mission)
• Credit and knowledge flow should be synchronised in time and space - Farm
Schools, Kisan Credit Cards, Agri Clinics Agri Business Centres
• National Council of Innovative Farmers may be set up to provide a structured
opportunity for sustained scientist-farmer dialogue (ATMA Farmers Committees)
2. PARLIAMENTARY STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2014-2015)
SHRI HUKM DEO NARAYAN YADAV - CHAIRPERSON
• The Committee are concerned to note the quantum variation in the funds sought by the Department
and the actual allocation done by the Planning Commission/Ministry of Finance (GBS)
• Notwithstanding .. enhanced Plan Outlay of DAC to Rs.1,34,746 crore for the 12th FYP as against
Rs.66,577 crore for the 11th FYP , … yearly outlay 27,000 crore /annum,
• Keeping in view……agriculture is the livelihood for 54.6% populace of the country, allocation is woefully
insufficient.
• the percentage share of the DAC with respect to Total Central Plan stands at 1.21% in 2014- 15 vis-a-vis
1.71% in 2013-14
• …the Committee desire allocation as per planning and not planning as per allocation as is currently in
vogue.
PSA 2014-15…..
• The Committee observe.. lack of intent and concern for the farmers on the part of the Centre and
States in the implementation of the Modified National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) scheme at
field level.
• …provision of payment of claims on the basis of individual fields/farms due to calamities like
hailstorm, land slide and add on index cover under Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS).
• …insurance scheme is a welfare scheme and hence, its implementation should be done with care and in
perfect measures, so as to minimize its misuse and also to ensure its fruits to the deserving and entitled
persons.
• The incapacity or inadequacy of the States should not affect the implementation of the scheme.
• ….Lack of will on the part of the executive should not place the farmers at peril for no fault of theirs.
PSA 2014-2015…….
RECOMMENDATION
• Welcoming the increased private sector
investment in Agriculture Sector, the Committee
desire that this investment be done via the
Public Private Partnership (PPP) Mode and that
too in core agriculture areas. They would also
like to caution the Government to safeguard
the interests of our vulnerable farmers while
allowing increased private investment in this
sector.
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE• Besides, ―Public Private Partnership for Integrated Agriculture
Development (PPPIAD)‖ launched as a pilot scheme under
RKVY during 2012-13 …
• all major centrally sponsored schemes of the Ministry of
Agriculture have incorporated special provisions for promotion
and development of FPOs, which are identified as one of the
key strategies for achieving inclusive agricultural growth during
the Twelfth Plan. Member-based FPOs would act as aggregators
and provide greater bargaining power to producers, especially
smallholders, and enable their integration in the value
chain, generating higher incomes and employment.
PARLIAMENTARY STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE (2014-2015)
RECOMMENDATION
• …Rural people who have left agriculture
should be absorbed in agri-based
cottage/small-scale industries
• ..impart requisite training, so that they
continue their linkage with agriculture and
thus be saved from being exploited as
construction labourers in the urban areas.
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE
• Agriculture Skill Council of India
3. SEMINARS- NATIONAL SEMINAR ON AGRICULTURE EXTENSION, FEBRUARY 2009
• MOA, FICCI, CII, IFFCO, Private companies were partners
• 250 participants - Farmers, Farmers
Organizations, KVKs, SAUs, ICAR, State Bureaucracy, State
Department officials, NGOs, Planning Commission
• Policy on Producer Companies – National Policy on FPOs 2013
• Policy on Agriculture Knowledge Subsidy – money at the disposal of
farmers groups to buy knowledge – FPOs in Karnataka
• Policy on Agriculture Workers Extension – Labour First
• Policy on role of Panchayats in Extension
• Policy on broad based extension delivery – Convergence of ATMA
RKVY KVK
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Year
of Est
ablis
hm
ent
No. of FPOs
Registration of FPOs under Company Act
4. STAKEHOLDERS MEETS - PMFBY
• The major objection on the part of States in implementation of NCIP is the increase in premium rates under
MNAIS and WBCIS components.
• The Government is considering introduce a comprehensive insurance instrument
• Invited views of various stakeholders to evolve an acceptable insurance instrument to ensure farmers against
yield loss and price volatility.
• Hon‘ble Union Agriculture Minister wrote to the Chief Ministers/ Administrators of all the States/UTs
soliciting their suggestions in this regard.
• Three meetings convened in the Ministry with the State Governments /empanelled insurance companies and
other stakeholders to solicit their views.
• The suggestions examined with a view to develop an insurance product which would find acceptability with
farmers and insurance companies alike.
5. WORKING GROUPS – PLANNING COMMISSION
• 10 sub-groups
• National Mission on Agricultural Extension (NMAE)
• Integrated IT with agricultural extension
Launch a “National Extension Mission” which
converts all Schemes and Programmes into
Projects, involving all service providers, converging
all departments & ministries, with effective
delivery to double the crop yields & farmers
income
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
• focus on sustainable small farm agriculture, especially in rainfed
areas, through integrated farming systems approach
• incorporating components of natural resource management
• minimizing external costs and
• maximizing realization through value addition
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
Convergence
• convergence of technologies - Farmers‘ portal as a single window access
• convergence of schemes and programmes through project approach to extension;
• institutional convergence at national and state level through cabinet sub-committees; and
• convergence at District level through ATMA GB & MC, and at Block level in BTTs.
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
• Knowledge driven growth to be facilitated by providing quality extension resources at cutting-edge level
along with critical mass of extension personnel
• Supplement public extension system with agri preneurs, trained input dealers;
• Extension efficiency and effectiveness by institutionalizing Farmers Friends at village level;
• capacity building through a network of Knowledge Centres like KVKs, Agriculture Research Stations;
• partnering with knowledge generators (public & private, formal & informal systems) and disseminate
through all channels including print & electronic media, farm journals, regular meets etc.;
• reaching out to and connecting farmers and stakeholders so that they communicate with each other; and
• test ITKs, identify farmer innovators, recognize their skills and leverage as farmer consultants
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
• mapping farming situations, yield gaps, yield variability;
• technology availability, adoption and impact directories and indices;
• indices of resource use efficiency;
• testing and certifying capacity of farmers, extension
functionaries, trainers, institutions; and
• monetization of agriculture wealth of the district
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
• Inclusive growth shall be achieved through
• development of difficult areas and disadvantaged groups of farmers
• index of variance\standard deviation of growth along with average growth
• disadvantaged index and matrix to capture various disadvantages for
prioritizing resource allocation by every sector
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
KVK
• Full potential of KVKs shall be harnessed for location, farmer and field constraint specific
best technology solutions independent of source of technology generation through
technology solutions and innovations project. The human resource and infrastructure of
SAU/ICAR/KVK and other institutions shall be utilized to organize large scale frontline
demonstrations of technology under field conditions which serve as training arena for
farmers & extension functionaries. Concept of Challenge Approach should be developed
and implemented to realize the full potential of decentralized approach
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
USE OF ICT
• Continuous contact with farmers shall be established to provide knowledge &
information, empower & facilitate them to demand & access services; redress their
concerns & grievances; and capture ground reality for use in policy making & improving
delivery through (a) farmers portal (b) Kissan Call Centres (c) Common Service Centres
(d) short message services (e) community radio stations etc.
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
• MANAGE, EEIs and SAMETIs have to be strengthened for aligning and linking all their
activities with the mission. These institutions shall develop linkages with institutions in
respective sectors eg NIRD for rural development, NAARM for research
management, National Police Academy for issues of LWV affected areas etc. An INSTA
Response Centre can also be established in MANAGE for foreseeing the foreseeable
events and situations, preparing plans, building capacity for tackling the same, capturing
them online and effecting instant response
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
• Leveraging youth for agriculture and generating employment in providing on and off farm
services through various interventions and programs needs priority attention. Pilot
testing the program of ‗full employment for youth in agriculture‘; developing concepts of
employment budgeting and employment mapping and designing technology modules have
to be complemented by an extension approach for attracting, stimulating and retaining
youth in agriculture. ―Jai Kisan‖ movement needs to be launched to mobilize every
societal unit and generate a national movement to support agriculture and give prestige
to farming through creating proper atmosphere (ARYA)
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
Food and Nutritional security
• Promote frugal household food and nutrition security through counseling farmwomen
and youth on scientific storage, processing & value addition, food & water quality, better
eating habits, maintain personal & kitchen hygiene etc. to leverage the preventive
healthcare properties of food for frugal health care. Similarly promote urban agriculture
for tackling food inflation, and promoting nutrition, livelihood and environmental security.
Shift from concept of greening to edible greening and landscaping to edible landscaping to
converge environment and food concerns
NMAE: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS….
Centre for Agrarian Distress and Conflicts
• track, study and provide policy support to tackle distresses, such as suicides by farmers and
their indebtedness, farmers‘ agitations, violence and conflicts and other concerns through
action research projects, challenge projects and linkages with other institutions.
• Promote national outreach through long term extension projects in developing countries as
per policy at the field level.
6. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES.. RIGHT TO FOOD
• recommendations of National Development Council(NDC) in its 53rd meeting held on
29th May, 2007, Government of India launched centrally Sponsored Scheme of National
Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the production of
rice by 10 million tonnes, wheat by 8 mission tonnes and pulses to increase by 2 million
tonnes by the end of the 11th Plan (2011-12)
• General Council (GC) under the Chairmanship of Union Agriculture Minister oversees
the implementation of NFSM and takes policy decisions for Mid-Term corrections.
ARE POLICY MAKERS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE AND IF SO WHAT TYPE OF EVIDENCE?
NCF 2006 – way forward for extension research
• A highly motivated and trained public extension system is essential to raise the
knowledge intensity of Indian agriculture.
• the average rate of return to investment in agricultural research was about 70 % - what
about RoR for Extension??
• Inefficiency is due to research programmes serving small ecologically- and politically-
defined markets
• A prerequisite for its effectiveness at various levels—the system, institute and project
ARE POLICY MAKERS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE AND IF SO WHAT TYPE OF EVIDENCE?
• Women in agriculture……
• lack of organized empirical evidence and of key information on the negative impact of the
gender bias can help articulate the strategic gender aspect (NCF, 2006)
[VALUE] % Men
[VALUE] % Women
Proportion of men and women members in FPOs
ARE POLICY MAKERS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE AND IF SO WHAT TYPE OF EVIDENCE?
• Participatory approaches…..
• How of achieving collaborative and collegiate
participation of farmers in TAR
• Economic analysis of trials and demonstrations : Farm
Schools vs FFS
• Performance criteria, the means of assessing against
these criteria
ARE POLICY MAKERS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE AND IF SO WHAT TYPE OF EVIDENCE?
• Changing the mindset of extension personnel …… new extension methodologies and
approaches, supporting evidences
• ATMA takes into account the deficiencies of the T&V system and adopts a farming
systems approach to extension. If implemented in a manner that regards farm families as
partners and innovators and not just beneficiaries, ATMA will represent an improvement
over the earlier approaches to extension. The mindset of extension personnel should
change from patronage to genuine partnership (Lab to Land and Land to Lab)
(NCF, 2006)
ARE POLICY MAKERS LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE
NCF (2016) recommends….
• Market reform should begin with production planning
• develop a comprehensive, clean, equitable and farmer centric model agreement, which
cannot be abused against the farmers
• clauses dealing with quality standards, withdrawal conditions, pricing standards, paying
arrangements, acts of God clauses and arbitration mechanism
EXPERIENCE WITH PROVIDING POLICY RELEVANT EVIDENCE?
Kisan Call Centre: number of call centre
agents, peak hour services, preference for
subject matter specialists
Farmers / farm women / Commodity Groups
Kisan Call Centre
Common Service CentreQuery answered
Level-II Expert (SAU)
Level III / Nodal officer
Block level Officer
State level Officer
District level Officer
KVK
SAU
If Query not
answered or not
related to L-II
Th
rou
gh
po
st o
r call-b
ack
Query forwarded, to be replied in 2-3 days
Query escalated, to be replied in
one week
Query escalated, to be replied in
1-2 weeks
Existing Call-Escalation
MatrixExtended Call-Escalation
Matrix
KISAN CALL CENTRE 13.32 million calls till Nov.2013
KKMS
Call conferencing
with Level-II
IMPACT ASSESSMENT, 3RD PARTY EVALUATION..
• NFSM for XI Plan by Agricultural Finance Corporation Limited.
• During XI plan,
• wheat production 75.81 m t to 94.88 m t i.e. 19 m t target of 8 m t
• rice production 93.36 m t to 105.31 m t i.e.12 m t
• pulses production 14.20 m t to 17.09 m t i.e.3 m t.
• These details are normally available in the annual reports, evaluation research needs to be
more inquisitive….. Invisible, unexpected, cross-cultural…
THANK YOU