EXTERNAL THREATS TO CAVE SYSTEMS Stupidity Development Roads Dumping Logging Mining Oil and Gas

STUPIDITY Difficult to

overcome but essential for survival

Not to be confused with ignorance, which can be overcome with education

In time the gene pool may cleanse itself

DEVELOPMENT Urban/Industrial Golf Courses Agricultural

Pavement run-off Decreased infiltration Increased flooding Increased

Sedimentation Increased

Contamination

ROADS Collapse Storm water

runoff routed into karst features

Spills Draining into karst features

DUMPING Groundwater contamination Harmful to cave life Hazardous to visitors

LOGGING

IncreasedSedimentation

Change in WaterChemistry

Plugging Entrances

USFS Photo by Jim Baichtal

MINING

Removes thecave

New entrancesmay changeair & water flow, temperature,and humidity

OIL & GAS DRILLING Increased

SurfaceDisturbance

Drilling fluids in caves

Leaky casing Leaky tanks,

pits, &pipes

Truck spills =

Groundwater Contamination

QUESTIONS??

Text by: Jim GoodbarPhotos by: Jim Goodbar, Jim Baichtal, Aaron Stockton, BLMPower Point Modified from J. Goodbar 2007 Presentation