Natalia Arana

8th. Grade, section: “B”

What is an estuary?

Is an enclosed body of water where fresh water mixes with salty water.

How does the Amazon River affect the Atlantic Ocean at the river’s mouth?

It lowers the salt in the water.

What benefits do you think the rivers might bring to Atlantic South America?

Fishing and hydroelectric power.

What kind of climate does Patagonia have? Cool desert climate (south) Humid subtropical (north) Why are temperatures in the south generally

cooler than temperatures in north? Because the north part has hot and dry climate. What resources does the rain forest provide? Food, wood, rubber, plants for medicines, etc. What is one benefit and one drawback of

practicing commercial agriculture in the rain forest?

Benefit- economy, food, products. Drawback- deforestation.

Soil exhaustion might lead to what kinds of aditional problems?

No more nutrients, infertile soil, no more crops.

Country

Brazil

Geography -The amazon river - Amazon basin (a flat floodplain) -Mato Grosso Plateau -Rio Negro -Brazilian Highlands

Argentina

-Pampas -Gran Chaco -Patagonia -Paraná River

What European country colonized Brazil? Portugal Why do you think the main basis of Brazil’s

colonial economy changed over the years? Because many portuguese settlers created

cattle ranches and they discovered gold and precious gems in the southeast.

Why did the colonists bring Africans to work on plantations as slaves?

Because sugar plantations made Portugal rich.

What religion is most common in Brazil?

Roman Catholic.

Why is so much of Brazil’s culture influenced by African traditions?

Because in colonial times the portuguese brought African slaves.

What is a megacity and what is an example of megacity in Brazil?

Is a giant urban area that includes surrounding cities and suburbs. Sao Paulo is a megacity.

Why might development in the Amazon cause tensions between Brazilian, Indians and new settlers?

Some of Brazil’s Indians had little contact with outsiders until recently. New roads are bringing more people and development to this region.

How might life change for a person who moves from the northeast to the southeast?

Maybe this people would become rich and have better jobs and houses.

Region Main ideas of the region

The southeast -Strong economy -Most people in Brazil live there. -Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are located there. (popular with tourists).

The northeast -The Brazil’s poorest region. -People can’t read and health care is poor. -Beautiful beaches and old colonial cities attract tourists.

The interior - it’s a frontier land. - It’s abundant land and mild climate.

The amazon - Is a major port and industrial city.

What is a Gaucho?

Is an argentine cowboy that herded cattle and horses on the open grasslands.

Why is Argentina’s population mostly of European descent?

Because the country was colonized and settled by people from Europe.

What is Argentina’s biggest city?

Buenos Aires.

What benefits do you think being part of MERCOSUR brings to Argentina?

It promotes trade and economic cooperation among the southern and eastern countries, which is good for the economy.

What are some benefits the informal economy provides, and what are some of its drawbacks?

It helps people who lost their jobs during the conomic crisis find work, but they don’t pay taxes to help support the government.

Where is Uruguay’s capital located?

On the north of Rio de la Plata, not far from Buenos Aires.

How has Uruguay’s location influenced its culture?

Because Uruguay is located between Brazil and Argentina, its culture has been influenced by these larger countries.

What does it mean a country is Landlocked?

It is completely surrounded by land.

What is Paraguay’s economy like?

Agriculture is an important part of economy, but much of Paraguay’s wealth is controlled by rich families and companies.

What are some possible ways Paraguay may be able to improve its economy in the future?

Use its resources more effectively; sell surplus electricity to Brazil and Argentina.

Uruguay

Similarities -Spanish (official language) - agriculture is the basis of economy. - Democratic government.

Differences - Was claimed by Portugal. - 1825 won independence

Paraguay

-Spanish (official language) - agriculture is the basis of economy. - democratic government.

- Was claimed by Spanish. - 1811 won independence

What is the main physical feature of pacific south America?

The Andes Mountains.

How is Bolivia’s location unique in the region?

Bolivia has some deposits of tin, gold, silver, lead and zinc. It has many valuable mineral resources.

What is “El niño” and what are some of its effects?

Is an ocean and weather pattern that affects…

The pacific coast. Some of its effects are; heavy rains, flooding areas, global effects, and leaving of fish.

Why are parts of Ecuador, in tropics, cooler than parts of southern Chile?

Because….

What country in this region has large oil reserves?

Ecuador.

Why do you think much of the region is not good for farming?

Because climate, vegetation, and landscapes vary because of elevation; so there are different areas with different climate and obviously different vegetation.

What effects do you think copper mining in chile might have on the environment?

Heavy pollution, in water and air.

First climate zone Bananas, sugarcane

Second elevation zone Evergreens, coffee, wheat, cattle

Third cooler zone of forests and grasslands Potatoes, wheat, corn, sheep, llamas

Fourth climate zone Shrubs, sheep, llamas, alpine

meadows.

Fifth climate zone No vegetation

Climate zones in the Andes

What ancient empire built paved roads through the Andes?

The Inca Empire.

What role did creoles play in the history of pacific south America?

They were the main leaders of the revolts against spanish rule.

How might the Inca Empire have been different if the Incas had had wheels and horses?

They would have carried the messages quickly. Those team of runners would have worked and helped in other areas.

What country has the highest percentage of south American Indians in its population?

Bolivia.

What aspects of culture in pacific south America reflect spanish influence, and what aspects reflect Indian heritage?

Spanish influence- Roman catholism as religion, spanish as official language.

Indian heritage- two native languages as offifcial languages, dressings in traditional styles, festivals.

Peru’s first advanced civilization, the built stone terraces, in coastal areas, people created irrigation

systems to store water and control flooding. Agriculture suportted large populations

In Bolivia, an early culture, the Tihuanaco, made huge stone carvings. Another civilization, scratched outlines of animals and shapes into the surface of peruvian desert. These designs

are called “Nazca Lines.

The Inca Empire, controlled an area that stretched from

northern Ecuador to Central Chile. They were organized and had: Irrigation Projects, stone- paved roads, Rope suspension bridges and a team of runners

that carried messages.

Spanish Rule Pizarro captured the Inca Kiing who ordered to bring enough gold and silver to fill a whole room. But Pizarro ordered the

Inca King killed. Fighting broke out, and by 1535 the Spaniards had conquered the Inca Empire

What’s Ecuador’s largest city? Guayaquil Why are Ecuadorians been unhappy with their

government in recent years? Because the country has experienced great

political instability and corruption. What are Bolivi’as two capital cities? Sucre and La Paz. Why might Bolivi’as economy improve in the

future? Because there are few roads and little money for

investment.

Why did many Peruvians move to Lima from the highlands in the 1980s?

Because a terrorist group called “ The Shining Path” was active and it carried out deadly attacks because it opposed government policies.

What challenges do you think people who move to Lima from the highlands face?

Poor services, way of taxes, finding jobs, knowledgment in laws.

What is a coup?

Is a sudden overthrow of a government by a small group of people.

What might happen to Chile’s economy if the world price of copper drops?

Chile’s economy would decrease, because ir accounts for more than one-third of Chile’s exports.

Country How are they dealing with government instability and poverty

Bolivia Foreign aid has provided funds for some development. To have a stable government, they have a democaratic government and they elected an indigenous leader, Evo Morales who continues working to improve the lives of Bolivi’as poor.

Ecuador The oil industry provides jobs and they fought to re-elect a new president.

Peru The country has an elected president and congress. Its resources like mineral deposits and hydroelectric projects are key factor in its economy progress.

Chile Small businesses and factories are growing quickly. Copper mining helps a lot. Chile’s dictatorship fought and

Related terms. 1. In Buenos Aires is located Rio de la plata

which is an estuary. 2. One of the aspects of a megacity, like in

Sao Paulo is the Favelas. 3. Gauchos raise cattle in the Pampas. 4. Soil exhaustion and deforestation are some

problems in the Amazon River. 5. Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo are in the

southest of Brazil and Manaus is in the Amazon.

Comprenhension and critical thinking.

What kind of climate does the Amazon Basin have?

Humid Tropical How are northern Brazil and southern

Argentina different? Southern Argentina has desert climate and

Northern Brazil has humid tropical How might the region’s major physical

features have influenced development and daily life in Atlantic South America?

Rivers, we can have a communication system, fishing, hydroelectric power, plains are good for farming and raising cattle.

What parts of Brazilian culture reflect African influences?

Food, tradition and religion.

What factors lead people from the northeast of Brazil to move to the southeast?

The north is the poorest region, people need job opportunities.

Is deforestation of the Amazon rain forest necessary?

Yes, because it is probable to sell the lumber.

What is one difference between Uruguay and Paraguay?

Paraguay id landlocked.

As Argentina’s economy improves, what might happen to its informal economy?

It will decrease as people can get a better job.

Terms and places.

Atacama Desert- A desert in northern Chile that is one of the cloudiest and driest on Earth.

Lima- the capital of Peru.

Quito- the capital of Ecuador.

Viceroy- a governor appointed by the king of Spain.

La Paz- one of the capitals of Bolivia.

Creole- an American-born descendant of Europeans.

Strait- a narrow passageway that connects two large bodies of water.

El Niño- an ocean and weather pattern that affects the pacific coast.

Coup- a sudden overthrow of a government by a small group of people.