extracts from alfred's orosius - internet archive...caudineforks. xiv.alexander xv.himilco...
TRANSCRIPT
fcfarenfcon (J)treees §evue
ANGLO-SAXON READING PRIMERS
II
SWEET
JSonbon
HENRY FROWDEOxford University Press Warehouse
Amen Corner, E.C.
MACMILLAN & CO., 112 FOURTH AVENUE
Cfarenbon (pveee Settee
EXTRACTS
FROM
ALFRED'S OROSIUS
EDITED BY
HENRY SWEET, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.Formerly President of the Philological Society
Editor of The Oldest English Texts? Alfred's ' Cura Pastoralis ' and ' Orosius
Author of ' An Anglo-Saxon Reader'
'A First' and ( A Second Middle-English Primer'
'A Primer of Spoken English,' 'A History of English Sounds'
'A New English Grammar,' l A Short Historical English Grammar''A Primer of Phonetics.' ' Shelley's Nature-Poetry,' etc.
SECOND EDITION
w>\UNI
Of THE
VERSITY
\T THL CLARENDON PRESS
1893
PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESSBY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
3V2J"7
7
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.
The present extracts from Alfred s Orosius are taken
from my edition in the Early English Text Society series.
The text is that of the Lauderdale MS., every letter not
in that MS. being enclosed in[ ]. All letters so enclosed
are from the Cotton MS., unless the contrary is stated in
the notes. The page-references are to my edition.
The Latin original of a portion of the text has been
added. Those portions of it which are omitted or para-
phrased loosely in the English are in italics.
Like my 'Selected Homilies of JElfric/ this book is
intended as a supplement to my Anglo-Saxon Reader,
a thorough knowledge of which it pre-supposes, the glossary
to the present selections containing only such words and
meanings as are not explained in the glossary to the Reader.
Of the selections given here, one—the Voyages of Ohthere
and Wulfstan—is also in the Reader ; it has been repeated
here to give the student an opportunity of testing the accuracy
of his accentuation.
HENRY SWEET.
CONTENTS.
I. Divisions of the World
II. Asia ....III. Europe....IV. Ohthere's Voyage
-"V. Wulfstan's Voyage .
VI. Europe (continued"
VII. Africa....VIII. Islands
IX. Greeks and Persians
X. Sieges of Veii and Rome
XI. M. Curtius .
XII. Decius Mus .
XIII. Caudine Forks .
XIV. Alexander
XV. Himilco
XVI. Regulus and the Serpen
XVII. Hannibal .
XVIII. The Romans in Spain
XIX. Julius Caesar in Britai*
XX. Antony and Cleopatra
XXI. Nero ....XXII. Julian
Notes
GLOSSARY
2
4
IO
13
r 7
20
24
26
3°
40
42
42
43
45
53
54
55
65
69
EXTRACTS
ALFRED'S OROSIUS
^SEUB^DNIV ERSITI
I.
DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.
(P- s.)
Ure ieldran ealne j?isne ymbhwyrft {rises middangeardes,
cwaej? Orosius, swa swa Oceanus utan ymblige)?, pone [man]
garsaecg hatej?, on freo todaeldon; 7 hie J>a J?rie daelas on
f>reo tonemdon : Asiam, 7 Europem, 7 Affricam; J>eah pe
5 sume men ssegden p>aet J^ser nsere buton twegen daelas : Asia,
7 j?aet o}?er Europe.
Asia is befangen mid Oceano J>aem garsecge su}?an 7 norJ>an
7 eastan, 7 swa ealne Q^ysne] middangeard from J?aem east-
daele healfne behaef}}. ponne on pzem norf>daele, J>3et is, Asia
10 on }?a swi^ran healfe, in Danai J:aere fe, J^asr Asia 7 Europe
hiera landgemircu togsedre licgaf). Ond J^onne of j^aere ilcan
ie Danai suj? andlang Wendelsses, 7 f>onne wif> westan Alex-
andria j)aere byrig Asia 7 Affrica togsedre licgeaf).
Europe hio onginf>, swa ic aer cwaej>, of Danai J>aere fe, seo
15 is irnende of nor^daele, of Riffeng }?aem beorgum, f>a sindon
neh J>aem garsecge f>e mon hate]} Sarmondisc; 7 seo ea
Danai irnj? j^onan su]?ryhte on westhealfe Alexandres herga,
onfd]1 in Rochovasco f>aere p>eode heo wyrcf) }?aet fen pe mon
hate]? Meotedisc, 7 f>onne for]? mid micle flode, neah J^aere
20 byrig f>e mon hatef> Theodosia, wi}? eastan ut on J?a sae flowed
\>e mon haett Euxinus. 7 J^onne mid longre nearonesse suf>
ponan be eastan Constantinopolim, Creca byrg, ligej?, 7 ]?onne
forf> J>onan ut on Wendelsae. Se westsuj>ende Europe land-
1 on both MSS.
DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.
UNIVERSITY
Majores nostri orbem totius terrae, Oceani limbo circum-
septum, triquadrum statuere ; ejusque tres partes, Asiam,
Europam, et Africam vocaverunt;quamvis aliqui duas, hoc
est, Asiam, ac deinde Africam in Europam accipiendam
putarint.
Asia tribus partibus Oceano circumcincta, per totam trans-
versi plagam orientis extenditur. Haec occasum versus, a
dextra sui, sub axe septentrionis incipientem contingit Euro-
pam ; a sinistra autem Africam dimittit ; sub Aegypto vero et
Syria mare Nostrum, quod Magnum generaliter dici?nus,
habet.
Europa incipit, ut dixi, sub plaga septentrionis, a flumine
Tanai, qua Riphaei montes, Sarmatico aversi oceano, Tanaim
fluvium fundunt;qui praeteriens aras ac terminos Alexandri
Magni, in Rochhaosbascorum finibus sitos, Maeotidas auget
paludes;quarum immensa exundatio juxta Theodosiam ur-
bem Euxinum Pontum late ingreditur. Inde juxta Constan-
tinopolim longae mittuntur angustiae, donee eas mare hoc
quod dicimus Nostrum, accipiat. Europae in Hispania occi-
dentalis oceanus terminus est, maxime ubi apud Gades insulas
Herculis columnae visunlur, et Tyrrheni maris faucibus oceani
aestus immittitur.
B 2
4 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.
gemirce is in Ispania westeweardum aet J>aem garsecge, 7 maest
25 aet J>aem iglande J>aette GaJ?es hatte, J^aer sciet se Wendelsse
up of }33em garsecge;
j^aer eac Ercoles syla stondaf) on f>aem
ilcan Wendelsae. 7 hire on westende is Scotland.
Affrica 7 Asia hiera landgemircu onginnaf) of Alexandria,
Egypta burge, 7 ligej? f?set londgemaere suf> j^onan ofer Nilus
30 f>a ea, 7 swa ofer Ethiopica westenne of) f>one Suf>garsecg.
7 J^aere Affrica norfwestgemxre is set f>aem ilcan Wendelsae,
pe of ]?aem garsecge sc^t, J?aer Ercoles syla stondaf>. 7 hire
ryhtwestende is aet j^aem beorge ]?e mon Athlans nemne}>, 7
set J^aem iglande pe mon haet Fortunatus.
35 Scortlice ic haebbe nu gesaed ymb f>a f>rie daelas ealles
f»ises middangeardes ; ac ic wille nu, swa ic aer gehet, }?ara
f»reora landrica gemaere gereccan hu hie mid hiera waetrum
tolicgeaf>.
II.
ASIA.
(p. 10.)
Asia ongen J?aem middeldaele on J>aem eastende, faer ligef>
se mu}?a ut on f>one garsecg f>aere ie pe mon hatef> Gandis.
pone garsecg mon haet Indisc. Be suf>an f>aem mu^an wif>
f»one garsecg is se port pe mon haet Caligardamana, 7 be
5 suf»aneastan f>aem porte is f>aet igland Deprobane. 7 J>onne
be nor]?an J^aem Gandes mufan, j?aer j^aer Caucasis se beorg
endaj? neh J?aem garsecge, J)aer is se port Samera. Be norJ?an
J>aem pcrte is se muj?a pddve ie pe mon nemnej? Ottorogorre.
pone garsecg mon haet Sericus.
10 paet sint India gemaero J>aer f>aer Caucasus se beorg is be
norf>an, 7 Indus seo 6a. be westan, 7 seo Reade See be suj?an,
77. ASIA.
Africae principium est a finibus Aegypti urbisque Alexan-
driae. Unde missa in transversum per Aethiopica deserta
meridianum contingit oceanum. Termini Africae ad occi-
dentem iidem stint qui et Europae, id est, fauces Gaditani freti.
Ultimus autem finis ejus est mons Atlas, et insulae quas For-
tunatas vocant.
Et quia breviter generales tripartiti orbis divisiones dedi,
ipsarum quoque partium regiones, sicut pollicitus sum, signi-
ficare curabo.
Asia ad mediam frontem orientis habet in oceano Eoo
ostia fluminis Gangis, a sinistra promontorium Caligarda-
mana, cui subjacet ad Eurum insula Taprobane; e qua
oceanus Indicus vocari incipit, a dextra habet Imai monies,
ubi Caucasus deficit, promontorium Samaram ; cui ad aqui-
lonem subjacent ostia fluminis Octorogorrae ; ex quo oceanus
Sericus appellatur.
In his finibus India est, quae habet ab occidente flumen
Indum, quod Rubro mari excipitur ; a septentrione montem
6 Alfred's orosius.
7 garsecg be eastan. On Indea londe is xliiii feoda buton
faem iglande Taprabane, f aet haeff* on him x byrg, buton
oferum monegum gesetenum iglondum. Of f aere ie Indus,
15 fe be westan eallum faem lande ligef , betux faere ie Indus 7
f aere fe be westan hiere is, Tigris hatte, fa flowaf buta suf
on fone Readan S&, 7 betux fsem twaem ean sindon fas
land : Arocasia, 7 Parthia, 7 Asilia, 7 Persif a, 7 Mefia ; feh
fe gewrito oft nemnen eal fa lond Mefia offe Asiria; 7 fa
20 lond sindon swife beorhtte 1
, 7 f aer sint swife scearpe wegas
7 stanihte. para landa norfgemaero sindon set faem beorgum
Caucasus, 7 on sufhealfe se Reada Sae; 7 on faem londe
sindon twa micla e'a, Ifaspes 7 Arbis. On faem londe is xxxn
feoda. Nu hset hit mon eall Parthia.
25 ponne west from Tigres faere ie of Eufrates fa ea fonne
betux faem ean sindon fas land : Babylonia, 7 Caldea, 7
Mesopotamia. Binnan faem landum sindon xxvm feoda.
Heora norfgemaero sindon aet faem beorgum Tauro 7 Cau-
caso, 7 hiera sufgemaero licgeaf to faem Readan See. Ond-
30 long faes Re[a]dan Saes, faes daeles fe faer norf scyt, ligef
faet land Arabia, 7 Sabei, 7 Eudomane. Of f sere ie Eufrate
west of fone Wendelsae, 7 norf forneah of fa beorgas f
e
mon Tauros hset, of f aet land fe mon haet Armenie, 7 eft
suf of Egypte monege feoda sindon faes landes : faet is,
35 Comagena 7 Fenitia, 7 Damascena, 7 Coelle, 7 Moab, 7
Amon, 7 Idumei, 7 Iudea, 7 Palestina, 7 Sarracene; 7 feh
hit mon haet eal Syria, ponne be norfan Syria sindon fa
beorgas fe mon Tauros haett; 7 be norfan faem beorgum
sindon fa land Capodocia 7 Armenie; 7 heo Armenia is be
4° eastan Capodotia. 7 be westan Capodocia is faet land fe
mon haett seo laesse Asia. 7 be norfan Capodocia is f aet
gefilde fe mon haet Temeseras. ponne betux Capodocia 7
faere laessan Asiam is faet land Cilia 7 Issaurio. Seo Asia on
1 beorhte C.
II. ASIA, 7
Caucasum ; reliqua Eoo et Indico oceano terminatur. Hacc
habet gentes quadraginta quatuor, absque insula Taprobane,
quae habet decern civitates ; et absque reliquis insulis habita-
bilibus plurimis. A flumine Indo, quod est ab oriente, usque
ad flumen Tigrim, quod est ad occasum, regiones sunt istae
:
Aracosia, Parthia, Assyria, Persida et Media ; situ terrarum
montoso et aspero. Hae a septentrione habent montem
Caucasum, a meridie mare Rubrum ; in medio autem sui,
flumina praecipua Ydaspen et Arbim. In his sunt gentes
triginta duae. Sed generaliter Parthia dicitur.
A flumine Tigri usque ad flumen Euphratem Mesopotamia
est, incipiens a septentrione inter montem Taurum et Cau-
casum ; cui succedit Babylonia, deinde Chaldaea, novissime
Arabia Eudaemon;
quae inter sinum Persicum et sinum
Arabicum angusto te?'rae tractu orientan versus exienditur.
In his sunt gentes viginti et octo. A flumine Euphrate, quod
est ab oriente, usque ad mare Nostrum, deinde a septentrione,
id est a civitate Dacusa, quae in confi?iio Cappadociae et Ar-
meniae sita est, usque ad Aegyptum et extremum sinum
Arabicum, qui est ad meridiem, extenditur Syria, quae sic
generaliter nominatur, habetque maximas provincias, Com-
magenam, Phoeniciam et Palaestinam absque Saracenis et
Nabataeis. In capite Syriae Cappadocia est, quae habet ab
oriente Armeniam, ab occasu Asiam, ab aquilone Themiscy-
rios campos, a meridie Taurum montem, cui subjacet Cilicia
et Isauria. Asia regio absque orientali parte undique cir-
cumdata est mari ; a septentrione ponte Euxino, ab occasu
Propontide atque Hellesponto, a meridie mari Nostro, ubi
est mons Olympus.
8 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.
selce healfe heo is befangen mid sealtum waetre buton on east-
45 healfe : on norjmealfe is seo sae Euxinus, 7 on westhealfe se
sas pe mon haett Proponditis, 7 Ellaspontus, 7 Wendelsae be
suj>an. On psere ilcan Asiam is se hehsta beorg Olimpus.
Seo ^Egyptus pe us near is, be nor]mn hire is J^aet land
Palastine 1
, 7 be eastan hiere Sarracene J?set land, 7 be westan
5° hire Libia f>aet land, 7 be sufan hire se beorg pe mon hset
Climax. Nilus seo 6a, hire aswielme is neh ]?aem clife J^aere
Readan S<es; J?eah sume men secgen J^aet hire aewielme sie
on westende Affrica neh J>am beorge Athlans, 7 J?onne fol
rape j^aes sie east irnende on f>aet sond, 7 f>onne besince eft
55 on J?aet sand, 7 J>aer neh sie eft flowende up of f>aem sande, 7
j^aer wyrcp> micelne sae. 7 J>aer hio aerest upwielf* hie hata}>
J>a landmen Nuchul, 7 sume men Dara. Ond Jjonne of ]?aem
sae J>aer he up of J>aem sonde sc^t he is east irnende from
eastdaele J^urh iEthiopica westenne, 7 fiasr mon hast pa ea Ion
60 of> f>one eastdael; 7 J>aer f>onne wyrf> to miclum sae. 7 J>aer
f>onne besinc}? eft in on pa, eorfan, 7 Jjonne eft nor]} ]?onan
up aspryngf) neh J>aem clife wi}> J?one Readan Sae, J>e [ic]2aer
beforan saede. ponne of f>sem sewielme mon haet f>set waster
Nilus J>a ea. 7 f>onne forf) ponan west irnende heo tolif) on
65 twa ymb an igland pe mon haet Meroen, 7 }>onan nor]?
bugende ut on f>one Wendelsse. ponne on f>aem wintregum
tidum vjyrp se muf^a fordrifen foran from J>aem no[r]f>ernum
windum J?aet seo ea bif> flowende ofer eal ^Egypta land, 7 heo
gedej? mid paem flode swife f>icce eorJ?waestmas on ^Egypta
70 lande. Seo fyrre JEgyptus lif> east ondlong f>ses Readan Saes
on suphealfe; 7 on easthealfe 7 on su}>healfe J>aes landes lif>
garsecg; 7 on hire westhealfe is seo us nearre ^gyptus. 7
on f>aem twaem ^Egyptum sindon xxiiii f>eoda.
Nu haebbe we awriten J?aere Asian suj^dael ; nu wille we fon
75 to hire norf)daele : J^aet is J?onne of f»aem beorgum pe mon1 Palestine C.
2 hit L.
II. ASIA.
Aegyptus inferior ab oriente habet Palaestinam, ab occasu
Libyam, a septentrione mare Nostrum, a meridie montem,
qui appellator Climax, fluviumque Nilum, qui de litore in-
cipientis maris Rubri videtur emergere in loco, qui dicitur
Mosilon emporium ; deinde diu ad occasum profluens, faciens-
que insulam nomine Meroen in medio sui ; novissime ad
septentrionem inflexus, tempesiivis auctus incrementis, plana
Aegypti rigat. Hunc aliqui auctores ferunt, haud procul ab
Atlante habere fontem, et continuo arenis mergi ; inde inter-
jecto brevi spatio, vastissimo lacu exundare, atque hinc oceano
tenus, orientem versus per Aethiopica deserta prolabi, rursus-
que inflexum ad sinis/ram, ad Aegypium descendere. Quern
utique prope fontem barbari Dara nominant, caeteri vero
accolae Nuchul vocant.
Aegyptus superior in orientem per longum extenditur, cm
est a septentrione sinus Arabicus, a meridie Oceanus. Namab occasu ex inferiore Aegypto incipit, ad orientem Rubro
mari terminatur, ubi sunt gentes vigintiquatuor.
Et quoniam meridianam partem Asiae descripsimus ,
superest ut ab oriente ad septentrionem pars, quae restat, ex-
pediatur. Mons Caucasus primum attollitur'. cujus quidem
10 ALFRED'S 0R0SIUS.
haet Caucasus, pe we aer beforan saedon, f>a pe be norf>an
India sindon. 7 hie onginnaf) aerest eastane of f>aem garsecge,
7 f>onne licgaj? westryhte o)? Armenia beorgas, pe J>a landleode
hi hata]? Parcoadras. paer of ]?aem beorgum wil)) seo ea su]>
80 weard Eufrates; 7 of J?aem beorgum ]?e mon Parcoadras haett
licgeaj? J>a beorgas westryhte pe mon Tauros haett o]> Cilium
£>aet lond. ponne be norf>an J?aem beorgum ondlang J>aes
garsecges dp fone norf>eastende £>isses middangeardes, p?ev
Bore seo ea scyt ut on Jjone garsecg; 7 }?onan west ondlong
85 j?aes garsecges olp }>one sas pe mon haett Caspia, pe ]?aer upscyt
to pxm beorgum Caucasus, paet lond mon haett }?a ealdan
Scij^ian 7 Ircaniam. foes landes is xliii f>eoda, wide tose-
tene for unwaestmbaernesse f>aes londes. ponne be westan
£>aem sae Caspia op Danais ps. ea, 7 of> f>aet fenn pe mon haett
90 Meotedisc; 7 f>onne suf> of) f>one Wendelsae, 7 of> f>one beorg
Tauros; 7 nor}? of> }?one garsecg is eall Sci)?J?ia lond binnan,
f>eh hit mon tonemne on twa 7 on J?ritig f>eoda. Ac pa. lond
on easthealfe Danais pe f>aer nihst sindon, Albani hi sint
genemde in Latina, 7 we hie hataf> nu Liubene.
III.
EUROPE.
(p. 14.)
Nu haebbe we scortlice gesaed ymbe Asia londgemaero ; nu
wille we ymbe Europe londgemaero areccean swa micel swa
we hit fyrmest witon. From f>aere fe Danais west of> Rin ]?a
ea, seo wil)? of ]?aem beorge pe mon Alpis haett, 7 irnf> poime
5 norfryhte on )?aes garsecges earm pe }>aet lond uton ymblif>
pe mon Bryttania haett; 7 eft suf> o)? Donua J?a ea, J?aere
ITT. EUROPE. 1
1
usque in ultimum orientem unum videiur jugutn ; et multi
hoc ipsum jugum Tauri montis credi volunt;quia re vera
Parchoatras, mons Armeniae, inter Taurum et Caucasum
medius, continuare Taurum cum Caucaso putatur; sed hoc
11011 ita esse, discemit fluvius Euphrates, qui, de radice Par-
choatrae montis effusus, tendens in meridiem, ipsum ad sinis-
fram, Taurum excludit ad dexteram. Igitur a monte Imao et
dextra orientis parte usque ad flumen Boreum, inde tenus
Scythico mari, quod est a septentrione, usque ad mare Cas-
pium, et usque ad extentum Caucasi jugum, Hyrcanorum et
Scytharum gentes sunt quadraginta duae, propter terrarum
infoecundam diffusionem late oberrantes. Itaque a mari
Caspio quod est ad orientem, usque ad Tanaim fluvium et
Maeotidas paludes gentes sunt trigintaquatuor. Sed genera-
liter regio proxima Albania ulterior, sub mari et monte Caspio,
Amazonum nominatur.
Expliciti sunt quam brevissime fines Asiae ; nunc Euro-
pam, in quantum cognitioni hominis conceditur, stylo perva-
gabor. A flumine Tanai flumen Rhenum, quod est ab occasu,
deinde usque ad Danubium, qui est a meridie ad Orientem
directus, ponto excipitur.
12 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.
sewielme is neah Rines ofre faere ie, 7 is siffan east imende
wif norfan Creca lond ut on fone Wendelsae; 7 norf of
fone garsecg fe mon Cwensae haet: binnan faem sindon
10 monega feoda, ac hit mon haet eall Germania.
ponne wif norfan Donua aewielme 7 be eastan Rine
sindon [Eastfrancan] * ; 7 be sufan him sindon Swaefas, on
ofre healfe faere ie Donua. 7 be sufan him 7 be eastan
sindon Baegware, se dael fe mon Regnesburg haett. 7 ryhte
15 be eastan him sindon Baeme, 7 eastnorf sindon pyringa[s].
7 be norfan him sindon Ealdseaxan, 7 be norfanwestan
him sindon Frisan. Be westan Ealdseaxum is iElfe mufa
faere ie, 7 Frisland. 7 fonan westnorf is f aet lond pe monOngle haet, 7 Sillende, 7 sumne dael Dene. 7 be norfan
20 him is Afdrede, 7 eastnorf Wilte, pe mon Haefeldan hastt.
7 be eastan him is Wineda lond, pe mon haett Sysyle, 7
eastsuf, ofer sum dael, Maroara. 7 hie Maroara habbaf be-
westan him pyringas, 7 Behemas, 7 Begware healfe; 7 be sufan
him on ofre healfe Donua faere ie is f aet land Carendre suf
25 of fa beorgas pe mon Alpis haet. To faem ilcan beorgan
licgaf Begwara landgemaero 7 Swaefa. ponne be eastan
Carendran londe, [begeondan] 2 faem westenne, is Pulgara
land. 7 be eastan faem is Creca land. 7 be eastan Ma-
roara londe is Wisle lond. 7 be eastan paem sint Datia, fa
30 pe iu waeron Gotan. Be norfaneastan Maroara sindon
Dalamentsan 7 be eastan Dalamentsan sindon Horigti 3.
7 be norfan Dalamentsan sindon Surpe; 7 be westan him
Sysyle. Be norfan Horoti 4is Maegfa land
; 7 be norfan
Maegfa londe Sermende of fa beorgas Rififen. Be westan
35 Sufdenum is faes garsecges earm fe lif ymbutan f aet land
Brettania; 7 be norfan him is faes saes earm fe mon haet
Ostsae ; 7 be eastan him 7 be norfan sindon Norfdene,
segfer ge on faem maran landum ge on faem iglandum; 7
1 eastfrancna Z. 2 begeondara L. 3 horithi C.4 horiti C.
IV. OHTHERJEfs VOYAGE. 1
3
be eastan him sindon Afdrede; 7 be supan him is ^Elfe
mupa paere ie 7 Ealdseaxna sum doel. Norpdene habbap be 40
norpan him pone ilcan saes earm pe mon hxt Ostsx, 7 be
eastan him sindon Osti pa leode; 7 Afrede 1 be supan. Osti
habbap be norpan him pone ilcan saes earm, 7 Winedas, 7
Burgendan; 7 be supan him sindon Haefeldan. Burgendan
habbap pone [ylcan] saes earm be westan him; 7 Sweon be 45
norpan; 7 be eastan him sint Sermende, 7 be supan him
Surfe. Sweon habbap be supan him pone saes earm Osti
;
7 be eastan him Sermende; 7 be norpan him ofer pa
westenne is Cwenland; 7 be westannorpan him sindon
[Scridefinnas] 2; 7 be westan Norpmenn. 5°
IV.
ohthere's voyage.
(p. 17.)
Ohthere saede his hlaforde, Afrede cyninge, paet he ealra
Norpmonna norpmest bude. He cwaep px*t he bude on
paem lande norpweardum wip pa Westsae. He saede peah
[f>aet] paet land sie swipe lang norp ponan ; ac hit is eal
weste, buton on feawum stowum styccemselum wiciap Finnas, 5
on huntope on wintra, 7 on sumera on fiscape be paere sse.
He saede paet he set sumum cirre wolde fandian hu longe
paet land norpryhte laege, oppe hwaeper aenig mon be norpan
paem westenne bude. pa for he norpryhte be paem lande
:
let him ealne weg paet weste land on paet steorbord, 7 pa ic
widsae on paet baecbord prie dagas. pa waes he swa feor
norp swa pa hwaelhuntan finest farap. pa for he pagiet
1 afdrsede C. 2 scridefinne L.
14 ALFREDS OROSIUS.
norf>ryhte swa feor swa he meahte on f>aem of>rum }?rim
dagum gesiglan. pa beag f>aet land pddr eastryhte, oj^e seo
15 sae in on J>aet lond, he nysse hwae^er ; buton he wisse joset
he faer bad westanwindes 7 hwon norf>an, 7 siglde f>ax east
be lande swa swa he meahte on feower dagum gesiglan.
pa sceolde he ]?aer bidan ryhtnorf>anwindes, for J>aem £>aet
land beag J>aer sufiryhte, o}?J>e seo sse in on f>aet land, he
20 nysse hwse^er. pa siglde he £>onan su]?ryhte be lande swa
swa he mehte on fif dagum gesiglan. pa lasg J>aer an micel
ea up in on f>aet land, pa cirdon hie up in on pa. ea, for
j^aem hie ne dorston for}} bi J?aere ea siglan for unfri^e ; for
J>aem f>aet land wses eall gebun on opve healfe J>aere eas. Ne
25 mette he aer nan gebun land, si)?J?an he from his agnum ham
for. Ac him waes ealne weg weste land on J>aet steorbord,
butan fiscerum 7 fugelerum 7 huntum, 7 f>aet waeron eall
Finnas ; 7 him wses a widsaS on f^aet baecbord. pa Beormas 2
haefdon swif>e wel gebud hira land ; ac hie ne dorston J?aer
30 on cuman. Ac J?ara Terfinna land waes eal weste buton
paer huntan gewicodon, oppe fisceras, oJ?f»e fugeleras.
Fela spella him saedon f>a Beormas 3aegj^er ge of hiera
agnum lande ge of J>aem landum pe ymb hie utan waeron
;
ac he nyste hwaet J>aes sof>es waes, for J>aem he hit self ne
35 geseah. pa Finnas, him Jmhte, 7 £>a Beormas 4 spraecon
neah an gef>eode. Swip>ost he for J>ider, toeacan pxs landes
sceawunge, for J?sem horschwaelum, for paem hie habbaj}
smpe aej^ele ban on hiora tof>um—f>a tef> hie brohton sume
j?aem cyninge—, 7 hiora hyd 4
40 bij> swif>e god to sciprapum. Se hwael bif> micle laessa
£onne oj^re hwalas : ne bij> he lengra J?onne syfan elna lang.
Ac on his agnum lande is se betsta hwaelhuntaf> : J?a beof>
1 ]>anon C.2 First stroke of the m erased.
8 Last stroke of the m erased.
* Here begins the gap in L., and the extractfrom C.
iv. ohthere's voyage. 15
eahta and feowertiges elna lange, 7 fa maestan fiftiges elna
lange. para he saede faet he syxa sum ofsloge syxtig on
twam dagum. 45
He waes swyfe spedig man on faem aehtum fe heora
speda on beof, faet is, on wildrum. He hsefde fagyt, fa
he fone cyningc sohte, tamra deora unbebohtra syx hund.
pa deor hi hataf ' hranas' ; fara waeron syx staelhranas
; fa
beof swyfe dyre mid Finnum, for faem hy fof fa wildan 5°
hranas mid. He waes mid faem fyrstum mannum on fasm
lande : naefde he feah ma fonne twentig hryf era, 7 twentig
sceapa, 7 twentig swyna; 7 f set lytle f set he erede he erede
mid horsan. Ac hyra ar is maest on faem gafole fe fa
Finnas him gyldaf. paet gafol bif on deora fellum, 7 on 55
fugela feferum, 7 hwales bane, 7 on faem sciprapum, f
e
beof of hwaeles hyde geworht, 7 of seoles. MghwRc gylt
be hys gebyrdum. Se byrdesta sceall gyldan fiftyne mearfes
fell, 7 fif hranes, 7 an beran fel, 7 tyn ambra fefra, 7 berenne
kyrtel offe yterenne, 7 twegen sciprapas; asgfer sy syxtig 60
elna lang, ofer sy of hwaeles hyde geworht, ofer of sioles.
He saede f set Norfmanna land waere swyfe lang 7 swyfe
smael. Eal faet his man afer offe ettan offe erian maeg
fget lif wif fa sae; 7 faet is feah on sumum stowum swyf
e
cludig; 7 licgaf wilde moras wif eastan 7 wif uppon 65
emnlange faem bynum lande. On faem morum eardiaf
Finnas. 7 faet byne land is easteweard bradost, 7 symle
swa norfor swa smselre. Eastewerd hit maeg bion syxtig
mila brad, offe hwene braedre; 7 middeweard fritig offe
bradre; 7 norfeweard, he cwaef , f aer hit smalost wsere, f set 7°
hit mihte beon freora mila brad to faem more; 7 se mor
syffan, on sumum stowum, swa brad swa man maeg on
twam wucum oferferan; 7 on sumum stowum swa brad swa
man maeg on syx dagum oferferan.
ponne is toemnes faem lande sufeweardum, on ofre healfe 75
1
6
Alfred's orosius.
paes mores, Sweoland, op paet land norpeweard; 7 toemnes
paem lande norpeweardum Cwena land, pa Cwenas hergiap
hwilum on pa Norpmen ofer pone mor, hwilum pa Norpmenon hy. 7 paer sint swipe micle meras fersce geond pa moras
;
So 7 hemp pa Cwenas hyra scypu ofer land on pa meras, 7 panon
hergiap on pa Norpmen ; hy habbap swype lytle scypa 7 swype
leohte.
Ohthere saede paet sio sci'r hatte Halgoland pe he on bude.
He cwaep paet nan man ne bude be norpan him. ponne is an
85 port on supeweardum paem lande, pone 1 man haet Sciringes
heal, pyder he cwaep paet man mihte geseglian on anummonpe, gyf man on niht wicode, 7 aelce daege haefde ambyrne
wind; 7 ealle pa hwile he sceal seglian be lande. 7 on paet
steorbord him bip aerest Iraland, 7 ponne pa igland pe synd
90 betux Iralande 7 pissum lande. ponne is pis land op he
cymp to Scirincges heale, 7 ealne weg on paet baecbord
Norpweg. Wip supan pone Sciringes heal fylp swype mycel
sae up in on paet lond ; seo is bradre ponne aenig man ofer
seon maege. 7 is Gotland on opre healfe ongean, 7 sippan 2
95 Sillende. Seo sae lip maenig hund mila up in on paet land.
7 of Sciringes heale he cwaep paet he seglode on fif dagan
to paem porte pe mon haet aet Haepum ; se stent betuh Wine-
dum, 7 Seaxum, 7 Angle, 7 hyrp in on Dene, pa he pider-
weard se'glode fram Sciringes heale, pa waes him on paet
100 baecbord Denamearc, 7 on paet steorbord widsae pry dagas
;
7 pa, twegen dagas ser he to Haepum come, him waes on paet
steorbord Gotland, 7 Sillende, 7 iglanda fela. On paem
landum eardodon Engle, aer hi hider on land coman. 7 hym
waes pa twegen dagas on paet baecbord pa igland pe in Dene-
105 mearce hyrap.
1J?onne.
2sitScJa.
17
V.
wulfstan's voyage.
(P- I9-)
Wulfstan saede f>aet he gefore of Haefum, f>aet he waere on
Truso on syfan dagum 7 nihtum, faet faet scip waes ealne
weg yrnende under segle. Weonofland him waes on
steorbord, 7 on baecbord him waes Langaland, 7 Lee-
land, 7 Falster, 7 Sconeg; 7 fas land eall hyraf to De- 5
nemearcan. 7 fonne Burgenda land waes us on baecbord,
7 J>a habbaf him sylf cyning. ponne aefter Burgenda lande
waeron us fas land, fa synd hatene aerest Blecinga-e'g, 7
Meore, 7 Eowland, 7 Gotland on baecbord; 7 fas land
hyraf to Sweon. 7 Weonodland waes us ealne weg on 10
steorbord of) Wislemufan. Seo Wisle is swyfe mycel ea,
7 hio toli)? Witland 7 Weonodland; 7 f aet Witland belimpef
to Estum; 7 seo Wisle lif ut of Weonodlande, 7 lif in
Estmere; 7 se Estmere is huru fiftene mila brad, ponne
cyme)? Ilfing eastan in Estmere of faem mere fe Truso 15
standef in staf e, 7 cumaf ut samod in Estmere, Ilfing eastan
of Eastlande, 7 Wisle sufan of Winodlande. 7 fonne benimf
Wisle Ilfing hire naman, 7 ligef of faem mere west 7 norf
on sae : for fy hit man haet Wislemufa.
paet Eastland is swyfe mycel, 7 faer bif? swyfe manig burh, <*o
7 on aelcere byrig bif cyningc. 7 faer bif? swyfe mycel
hunig 7 fiscnaf; 7 se cyning 7 fa ricostan men drincaf
myian meolc, 7 fa unspedigan 7 fa feowan drincaf medo.
c
1
8
ALFRED'S OROSIUS.
paer bif> swyj?e mycel gewinn betweonan him. 7 ne bif> f>aer
25 naenig ealo gebrowen mid Estum, ac f>aer bif> m£do genoh.
7 J3aer is mid Estum f>eaw, f»onne f>aer bip> man dead, j^set he
IiJ> inne unforbaerned mid his magum 7 freondum monaj?, ge
hwilum twegen; 7 f>a kyningas 7 pa. oj^re heahfmngene men,
swa micle lencg swa hi maran speda habba]?, hwilum healf
3° gear f>aet hi beof> unforbaerned, 7 licga]} bufan eorjmn on
hyra husum. 7 ealle f>a hwile pe J^set lie bij? inne, f»aer sceal
beon gedrync 7 plega, 0)3 J^one daeg pe hi hine forbaernaf).
ponne py ylcan daeg [f>e] hi hine to f>aem ade beran wylla}>,
J^onne todaelaJ> hi his feoh, f>aet }?aer to lafe bif> aefter f>aem
35 gedrynce 7 }?aem plegan, on fff of>f»e syx, hwylum on ma,
swa swa f>aes feos andefn b'ip. Alecgaj? hit J?onne forhwaega
on anre mile f>one maestan dael fram J^aem tune, }?onne of>erne,
J^onne J?aene J>riddan, of) pe hyt eall aled bi}? on f>aere anre
mile; 7 sceall beon se laesta dasl nyhst f>aem tune f>e se deada
40 man on lip. ponne sceolon beon gesamnode ealle J>a menn
pe swyftoste hors habbajp on fiaem lande, forhwaega on fff
milum oplpe on syx milum fram J^aem feo. ponne aernaf> hy
ealle toweard j?aem feo;}?onne cyme}? se man se J?aet swif-
toste1 hors hafaf> to psem aerestan daele 7 to f>aem maestan, 7
45 swa aelc aefter oj^rum, of> hit bif» eall genumen; 7 se nimj?
fone laestan dael se nyhst J>aem tune j^aet feoh ge2ernef>. 7
f>onne ridef> aelc hys weges mid j?an feo, 7 hyt motan habban
eall; 7 for
f>y f>aer beoj? f>a swiftan hors ungefoge dyre. 7
f>onne hys gestreon beof> J>us eall aspended, }?onne byrp man
50 hine ut, 7 forbaerne]? mid his waepnum 7 hraegle. 7 swif>ost
ealle hys speda hy forspendaf) mid f»an langan legere f>oas
deadan mannes inne, 7 }?aes pe hy be ]?aem wegum alecgaf>,
pe pd. fremdan to sernajj, 7 nima{>. 7 f>set is mid Estum f>eaw
]33st pddr sceal aelces gef>eodes man beon forbaerned; 7 gyf
55 f>ar man an ban findef) unforbaerned, hi hit sceolan miclum
1 swifte.
v. wulfstan's voyage. 19
gebetan. 7 fcer is mid Eastum an maegf fset hi magon cyle
gewyrcan; 7 fy f 3er licgaf fa deadan men swa lange 7 ne
fuliaf, feet hy wyrcaf fone cyle him 1on. 7 feah man asette
twegen fsetels full ealaf offe wseteres, hy gedof fset aegfer2
bif oferfroren, sam hit sy sumor sam winter. 6o
1 hine.2 oper.
c a
2o ALFRED'S OROSIUS.
VI.
EUROPE [continued).
(p. 22.)
Nu wille we secgan be suf>an Donua f>sere 6a. ymbe Creca
land, [hu hit] lif>. Wyf> eastan Constantinopolim, Creca byrig,
is se sse Proponditis. 7 be norfan Constantinopolim, Creca
byrig, sc^t se sseearm up of f>sem sse westrihte pe man hset
5 Euxinus; 7 be westannorf>an Ipxre byrig Donua muf>a fsere
ea scyt su]?east ut on f>one sse Euxinus; 7 on suj?healfe 7 on
westhealfe j^ses mujmn sindon Msesi, Creca leode; 7 be westan
f>sere byrig sindon Traci; 7 be eastan )?sere byrig Macedonia
7 be su}?an ]?sere byrig, on suj)healfe f>ses sses earmes f>e man
10 hset Egeum, sindon Athena 7 Corintus f>a land. 7 be westan-
suj>an Corinton is Achie fset land, set J?sem Wendelsse. pas
land syndon Creca leode. 7 be westan Achie, 7lang fses
Wendelsses, is Dalmatia pset land, on norf>healfe j^ses sses; 7
be norfan Dalmatia sindon Pulgare 7 Istria. 7 be sufan
15 Istria is se Wendelsse ]>e man hset Atriaticum; 7 be westan
ba beorgas pe man haet Alpis ; 7 be norfan f>set westen paet
is betux Carendan 7 Pulgarum x.
ponne is Italia land westnorflang 7 eastsu]?lang, 7 hit
beli]? Wendelsse ymb eall utan, buton westannorf>an. JSt
20 J^aem ende hit belicga]} J>a beorgas f>e man hset Alpis: J?a
onginnaj? westane fram jxem Wendelsse i[n] Narbonense
f>sere J?eode, 7 endiaf> eft east in Dalmatia Ipxm lande set
})3em sse.
1 fulgarum.
VI. EUROPE. 2 1
Nunc quidquid Danubius a barbarico ad mare Nostrum
secludit, expediam. Moesia ab oriente habet ostia fluminis
Danubii, ab euro Thraciam, a septentrione Danubium.
Thracia habet ab oriente Propontidis sinum et civitatem
Constantinopolim, a septentrione sinum Euxini ponti, ab
occasu et africo Macedonian!, a meridie Aegaeum mare.
Macedonia habet a meridie Achaiam. Achaia undique pro-
pemodum cincta est mari. Habet ab aquilone angustnm
terrae dorsum, ubi est Corinthus, habens in Attica ad borcam
non longe Athenas civitatem. Dalmatia habet ab occasuo
Istriam, a meridie Adriaticum sinum. Pa?mo?iia, Noncus et
Rhetia habent ab africo Alpes Penninas.
Italiae situs a circio in eurum tenditur, habens ab africo
Tyrrhenum mare, a borea Adriaticum sinum ; cujus ea pars
qua continenti terrae communis et contigua est, Alpium obi-
cibus obstruitur : quae a Gallico mari exsurgentes, primum
Narbonensium fines, deinde Galliam Rheiiamque seduduni,
donee in sinu Libumico defigantur.
22 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.
pa land Ipe man haet Gallia Bellica, be eastan f>aem is sio
25 ea \>e man haet Rin, 7 be su]?an fa beorgas Ipe man haet
Alpis, 7 be westansuf>an se garsecg Ipe man haet Brittanisca,
7 be norfan on of>re healfe f>aes garsegges earme is Brittannia
j?aet land. Be westan Ligore is Aequitania land, 7 be sup>an
JEquitania is }?aes landes sum dael Narbonense, 7 be westan-
3° sufan Ispania land, 7 be westan garsegc. Be suf>an Narbo-
nense is se Wendelsae, J>aer f>aer Rodan seo 6a, utscyt; 7 be
eastan him Profentsae; 7 be westan him Profentsae ofer f»a
westenu seo us nearre Ispania; 7 be westan him 7 norJ>an
Equitania; 7 Wascan be norf>an. Profentse haefj? be norfan
35 hyre f>a beorgas f»e man Alpis haet : 7 be sufan hyre is Wen-
delsae; 7 be norfan hyre 7 eastan synd Burgende
; 7 Wascan
be westan.
Ispania land is fryscyte, 7 eall mid fleote utan ymbhaefd,
ge eac binnan ymbhaefd ofer f>a land aegf»er ge of J?aem
40 garsecge ge of f>am Wendelsae. An faera garena HJ? suf>west
ongean J?aet igland Ipe Gades hatte, 7 of>er east ongean J>aet
land Narbonense, 7 se fridda norfwest ongean Brigantia,
Gallia burh, 7 ongean Scotland, ofer f»one saes earm, on
geryhte ongean faene muf»an Ipe mon haet Scene. Seo us
45 fyrre Ispania, hyre is be westan garsecg, 7 be norlpan Wen-
delsae, be sufan 7 be eastan seo us nearre Ispania ; be norfan
j?aere synt Equitania, 7 be norfaneastan is se weald Pireni, 7
be eastan Narbonense, 7 be suj?an Wendelsse.
Brittannia faet igland hit is norf>eastlang ; 7 hit is eahta
50 hund mila lang, 7 twa hund mila brad, ponne is be- suj?an
him on ofre healfe f>aes saes earmes Gallia Bellica; 7 on
westhealfe on olpre healfe faes saes earmes is Ibaernia f>set
igland; 7 on norfhealfe Orcadus >aet igland. Igbernia, J?aet
we Scotland hata]?, hit is on aelce healfe ymbfangen mid
55 garsecge; 7 for ]?on Ipe sio sunne faer gae]? near on setl
f>onne on oprum lande, J?aer syndon lyjjran wedera J?onne on
VI. EUROPE. 23
Gallia Belgica habet ab oriente limitem fluminis Rheni, ab
euro Alpes Peiuiinas, a circio oceanum Britannicum, a sep-
tentrione Britanniam insulam. Aquitanica provincia obliquo
cursu Ligeris fluminis in orbem agitnr. Haec a circio ocea-
num qui Aquiianicus sinus dicitur, ab occasu Hispanias habet,
a septentrione et oriente Lugdunensem, ab euro et meridie
Narbonensem provinciam contingit. Narbonensis provincia
habet ab occidente Hispaniam, a circio Aquitaniam, a sep-
tentrione Lugdunensem, ab aquilone Belgicam Galliam, a
meridie mare GaUicum, habens in fronte, qua Rhodanus
fluvius in mare exit, insulas Stechadas.
Hispania universa terrarum situ trigona est, et circum-
fusione Oceani Tyrrhenique pelagi pene insula efficitur.
Hujus angulus prior, spectans ad orientem, Narbonensium
finibus inseritur. Secundus angulus circium intendit ; ubi
Brigantia Gallaeciae civitas sita. Tertius ejus angulus est,
qua Gades insulae intentae in africum, Atlantem mentem
prospiciunt. Hispaniam citeriorem ab oriente incipientem,
Pyrenaei saltus a parte septentrionis deducunt, atque inde.
posiia in Nostri maris littore Carthago determinat. His-
pania ulterior habet a septentrione Oceanum, ab occasu
Oceanum.
Britannia Oceani insula, per longum in boream extenditur.
A meridie Gallias habet. Haec insula habet in longo millia
passuum octingenta, in lato millia ducenta: a tergo autem
Orcadas insulas habet. Deinde insula Thule, quae per in-
finitum a ceteris separata, circium versus medio sita Oceani,
vix paucis nota habetur. Hibernia insula longiore ab africo
>'n boream spatio porrigilur. Haec propior Britanniae, spatio
24 Alfred's orosius.
Brettannia. ponne be westannorf>an Ibernia is f>set ytemeste
land J>aet man haet Thila, 7 hit is feawum mannum cuf> for
f>aere oferfyrre. Nu haebbe we gesaed ymbe ealle Europe
60 landgemaero hu hi tolicgaf).
VII.
AFRICA.
(p. 24.)
Nu wille we ymbe Affrica [secgan], hu pa. landgemaero
tolicgaf>. Ure yldran cwaedon J>aet hio waere se f>ridda dael
}>yses middangeardes : naes na for J>am pe £>aes landes swa
fela waere, ac for J>am pe se Wendelsae hit baeff) swa todaeled,
5 for ]?an pe he brycj? swi|?or on f»one suf>dael f>onne he do on
j?one norf>dael; 7 sio haete haef}? genumen f>aes sufidaeles
mare f>onne se cyle f>aes norfidaeles haebbe, for f>on pe aelc
wiht maeg bet wyf> cyle f>onne wij> haete. For J?am J>ingon is
Affrica aegf>er ge on landum ge on mannum laesse j?onne
10 Europe.
Affrica onginf>, swa we aer cwaedon, eastan westwerd fram
Egyptum aet f>aere ee pe man Nilus haet. ponne is sio easte-
meste J>eod haten Libia Cirimacia. Hire is be eastan sio us
nearre Aegyptus, 7 be norf>an Wendelsae, pe man haet Libia
15 iEthiopicum, 7 be westan Syrtes Maiores. Be westan Libia
JEthiopicum is sio us fyrre JEgyptus, 7 be suf>an se garsecg
pe man haet JEthiopicus, 7 be westan Rogathitus. Tribulitania
sio f»iod, pe man o}?re naman haet Arzuges, hio haefJ>be eastan
hyre f>one Sirtes Maiores, 7 Rogathite ]?a land, 7 be norf>an
VII. AFRICA. 25
ierrarum angustior : sed coeli solique temperie magis utilis,
a Scotorum gentibus colitur. Hi sunt fines totius Europae.
Africam, cum tertiam orbis partem majores Nostri accipi-
endam descripserint, non spatiorum mensuras, sed divisionum
rationes secuti sunt. Mare hoc siquidem Magnum, in meri-
diem magis vergens, angustiorem coartatae Africae limitem
facit. Praeterea cum multo amplius terrae in Africa ardore
Solis, quam in Europa rigore frigoris incultum atque incog-
nitum sit (quippe cum omnia pene animantia vel germinantia
patientius et tolerabilius ad summum frigoris quam ad sum-
mum caloris accedant), ea scilicet causa est, Africam per
omnia situ et populis minorem videri ; cujus descriptio per
provincias et gentcs haec est.
Libya Cyrenaica post Aegyptum in parte Africae prima
est. Haec incipit a civitate Paraetonio. Post se habet usque
ad Oceanum meridianum, gentes Libyae, Aethiopum et Gara-
mantum. Huic est ab oriente Aegyptus, a septentrione mare
Libycum, ab occasu Syrtes majores et Troglodytae, a meridie
Aethiopicus Oceanus. Tripolitana provincia, quae et regio
Arzugum dicitur, habet ab oriente Syrtes majores et Troglo-
dytas, a septentrione mare Siculum, vel potius Adriaticum,
et Syrtes minores, ab occasu Bizantium usque ad lacum
26 Alfred's orosius.
20 pone Wendelsce, pe man haet Adriaticum, 7 pa peode pe manhset Sirtes Minores, 7 be westan Bizantium, op pone sealtan
mere, 7 be supan hyre Natabres 7 Geothulas 7 Garamantes,
op pone garsegc.
Bizantium sio peod, pser seo burh 1is Adrumetis, 7
25 Seuges, 7 seo piod paer sio mycle burh is Cartaina, 7
Numedia sio peod, hi habbap be eastan him paet land Syrtes
Minores, 7 pone sealtan mere, 7 be norpan him is Wendel-
sse, 7 be westan him Mauritania, 7 be supan him Uzera
pa beorgas; 7 be supan pam beorgum pa simbelfarendan
30 ^Ethiopes op pone garsecg. Mauritania, hyre is be eastan
Numedia, 7 be norpan \Vendels2e, 7 be westan Malva sio
ea, 7 be supan Astrix 2 pa beorgas, pa todselap pset wsestm-
baere land 7 past deadwylle sand, pe syppan lip sup on pone
garsecg. Mauritania, pe man opre naman hset Tingetana,
35 be eastan hyre is Malva sio 6a., 7 be norpan Abbenas pa
beorgas, 7 Calpis, oper beorh. pser scyt se ende up of pam
garsecge betuh pan twam beorgum eastweard, pser Ercoles
syla standap; 7 be westan him is se beorh Athlans, op
pone garsecg, 7 [be] supan pa beorgas pe manhsetiEsperos;
40 7 be supan him Aulolum sio peod, op pone garsecg. Nuhaebbe we ymb Arnica landgemsero 3 gessed.
VIII.
THE ISLANDS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN,
(p. 26.)
Nu wille we secgan ymb pa /'gland pe on pa[m] Wendelsa?
sindon. Cipros past igland hit lip ongean Cilicia 7 Issaurio
on pam saes earme pe man haet Mesicos, 7 hit is an hund
1 se beorh. 2 ymb inserted after Astrix. 8 landgemserco.
VIII. ISLANDS. 27
Salinarum, a meridie barbaros Getulos, Natabros ct Gara-
mantas, usque ad Oceanum Aethiopicum pertingentes.
Byzacium, ubi Adrumetus civitas, Zeugis, ubi Carthago
magna, Nnmidia, ubi Hippo regins et Rusiccada civitates sunt,
habent ab oriente Syrtes minores et lacum Salinarum, a sep-
tentrione mare Nostrum, ab occasu Mauritaniam Silifensem,
a meridie montes Uzarae; et post eos Aethiopum gentes
pervagantes usque ad Oceanum Aethiopicum. Sitifemis ct
Caesariensis Mauritania habent ab oriente Numidiam, a sep-
tentrione mare Nostrum, ab occasu flumen Malvam, a meridie
montem Astrixim, qui dividit inter vivam terram et arenas
jacentes usque ad Oceanum. Tingitana Mauritania ultima
est Africae. Haec habet ab oriente flumen Malvam, a sep-
tentrione mare Nostrum usque ad fretum Gaditanum, quod
inter Abennem et Calpen, duo contraria sibi promontoria,
coartatur, ab occidente Atlantem montem, et Oceanum At-
Janticum, sub africo Hesperium . montem, a meridie gentes
Aulolum, usque ad Oceanum Hesperium contingentes. Hie
est universae terminus Africae.
Nunc inrularum quae in Nostro mari sunt, loca, nomina, el
spaiia dimeliar. Insula Cypros ab oriente mari Sjrw, quod
Mesicum sinum vocant, a septentnone Aulone Cilico, a meridie
28 Alfred's orosius.
mila lang 7 fif 7 hundsyfantig, 7 an hund mila brad 7 twa 7
5 tvventig. Creto f»set igland, him is be eastan se sae J>e manArfatium haet, 7 [be] westan 7 be norf>an Creticum se sae, 7 be
westan Sicilium, pe man oJ?re naman haet Addriaticum : hit
is an hund mila long l, 7 hundsyfantig 7 fiftig mila brad,
para iglanda pe man haet Ciclades J>ara sindon f»reo 7 fiftig,
*o 7 be eastan him is se Risca sae, 7 be suf>an se Cretisca, 7
. be nor]?an se Egisca, 7 be westan Addriaticum. Sicilia J>aet
igland is f>ryscyte. On aelces sceatan ende sindon beorgas.
pone norfisceatan man haet Polores;
j?aer is seo burh neah
Mesana. 7 se suf>sceata hatte Bachinum; f>aer neah is sio
1 5 burh Siracussana. 7 J?one westsceatan man haet Libeum;
J?aer is seo burh neah pe man haet Libeum. 7 hit is
an hund 7 syfan 7 fiftig mila lang, suf> 7 nor]?; 7 se
J>ridda sceata is an hund 7 syfan 7 hundsyfantig westlang.
7 be eastan jxem lande is se Wendelsae, pe man haet
20 Adriati[c]um, 7 be suf>an pe 2 man haet Affricum, 7 be westan
pe man hast Tirenum, 7 be norf>an is se sae f>e aeg]?er is ge
nearo ge hreoh, wif> Italia J?am lande. Sardina 7 Corsica pa.
igland todaelej? an lytel saes earm, se is twa 7 twentig mila
brad. Sardina is )?reo 7 f»ritti mila lang, 7 twa 7 twentig
25 mila brad. Him is be eastan se Wendelsae pe man haet
Tirrenum, pe Tiber sio ea ut scyt on; 7 be suf>an se sae pe
lif> ongean Numedia lande, 7 be westan f»a twa igland pe
man haet Balearis, 7 be norj^an Corsica £>aet igland. Corsica
him is Romeburh be eastan, 7 Sardine be sujmn, 7 be westan
30 J>a igland Balearis, 7 be nor|?an Tuscania J?set land; hit is
syxtene mila lang, 7 nygan mila brad. Balearis £>a tu igland
him is be suf»an3 AfTrica, 7 Gades be westan, 7 Ispania be
norj^an. Scortlice haebbe we nu gesaed be faem gesetenum 4
iglandum pe on f>aem Wendelsae sindon.
1 lond. * >ara. 3 norfan. 4 gesetenessum.
VIII. ISLANDS. 29
Syriae pelago cingiiur; cujus spatium in longo tenet millia
passuum centum septuaginta quinque, in lato millia passuum
centum vigintiquinque. Insula Creta finitur ab oriente Car-
pathio mari, ab occasu et septentrione mari Cretico, a meridie
mari Libyco, quod et Adriaticum vocant; habet in longo
millia passuum centum septuaginta duo, in lato quinquaginta.
Insulae Cyclades, ab oriente finiuntur litoribus Ast'ae, ab oc-
cidente mari Icario, a septentrione mari Aegaeo, a meridie
mari Carpathio. Sunt autem omnes Cyclades numero quin-
quaginta tres. Sicilia insula tria habet promontoria, unumquod dicitur Pelorus, et adspicit ad aquilonem, cui Messana
civitas proxima est ; secundum, quod dicitur Pachynum, sub
quo civitas Syracusana, respicit ad euronotum ; tertium, quod
adpellatur Lilybaeum, ubi et civitas ejusdem nominis sita est,
dirigitur in occasum. Haec habet a Peloro in Pachinum
millia passuum centum quinquaginta novem, a Pachyno in
Lilybaeum centum septuaginta septem. Haec ab oriente
cingitur mari Adriatico, a meridie mari Africo, ab occidente
habet mare Tyrrhenum, a borea fretum Adriaticum, quod
dividit Tauromenitanos Siciliae, et Bruttios Italiae. Sardinia
et Corsica insula parvo freto, hoc est, millium viginti, divi-
duntur. Ex quibus Sardinia habet a meridie Caralitanos,
contra Corsicam insulam habet Ulbienses ; cujus in longo
spatium tenet millia passuum ducenta triginta, in lato millia
ducenta octoginta. Haec habet ab oriente et a borea Tyrr-
henum mare, quod spectat ad portum urbis Ro7?iae, ab africo
insulas Baleares longe positas, a meridie Numidicum sinum,
a septentrione Corsicam. Corsica insula multis promonioriis
angulosa est. Haec habet ab oriente Tyrrhenum mare, et
portum Urbis, a meridie Sardiniam, ab occasu insulas
Baleares, a circio et septentrione Ligusticum sinurm Tenet
autem in longo millia passuum centum sexaginta, in lato
millia viginti sex. Insulae Baleares duae sunt. Deinde ab
w*tJNIVEBSITI
30 Alfred's orosius.
IX.
THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS.
(P- 78.)
iEfter ] paem pe Romeburg getimbred waes twa hunde
wintra 7 mix, paette Cambisfis] 2 feng to Persa rice, Ciruses
sunu, se, mid pon pe he Egypte oferwon, gedyde paet nan
haepen cyning aer gedon ne dorste, paet wses paet he heora
5 godgieldum eallum wipsoc, 7 hie aefter paem mid ealle towearp.
^Efter him ricsade Darius, se awende ealle Asiriae 7
Caldei eft to Perseum, pe aer from him gebogene waeron.
/Efter paem he wonn on Scippie, aegper ge for Ciruses siege
paes cyninges, his maeges, ge eac for paem pe him [man]
10 paer wifes forwiernde. His heres wses seofon hund pusenda,
pa he on Scippie for. Hwaepere pa Scippie noldon hiene
gesecan to folcgefeohte, ac ponne hie gind paet lond tofarene
waeron, hie ponne hie floccmselum slogan, pa waeron pa Perse
mid paem swipe geegsade, 7 eac ondredon paet mon pa brycge
15 forwyrcan wolde pe aet paem gemaere waes, paet hie sippan
nysten hu hie ponan comen. He pa se cyning, aefter paem
pe his folc swipe forslaegen waes, paer forlet hundeahtatig
pusenda beaeftan him, paet hie paer pagiet leng winnan
sceoldon, 7 he self ponan gewat on pa laessan Asiam, 7 hie
20 forhergeade; 7 sippan on Maecedoniam, 7 on Ionas, Creca
leode, [7] pa hie butu oferhergeade ; 7 for sippan firr an
Crecas, 7 gewin upp ahof wip Athenienses, for paem hie
Maecedoniam on fultume waeron. Sona swa Atheniense
1 Here L. begins again.2 Cambis both.
IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 3]
aquilone mare Galticum, a meridie et Africo Mauritanicum
pelagus, ab occasu Ibericum pelagus spectat. Hae sunt
insulae per totum Magnum pelagus constitutae.
Anno ab Urbe condita ccxlv, Darius, Cyro apud Scythas
interfecto, post aliquantum intervallum sorte regnum adeptus est.
Regnavit enim medius eorum Cambyses Cyri Alius;
qui, de-
victa Aegypto, cunctam Aegypti religionem abominatus,
ceremonias ejus et templa deposuit.
Post hunc . . . Darius rex creatus est, qui, postquam Assy-
rios ac Babyloniam a Persarum regno deficientem, bello recu-
peravit, Atiyro, regi Scytharum, hac vel maxime causa bellum
intulit, quod filiae ejus petitas sibi nuptias non obtinuisset.
Cum septingentis millibus armatorum Scythiam ingressus,
non facientibus hoslibus justae pugnae potestatem, insuper
repentinis incursibus extrema copiarum dilacerantibus, rae-
tuens, ne sibi reditus interrupto ponte Istrifluminis negaretur,
a?nissis octoginta millibus bellatorum, irepidus refugit. Inde
Asiam Macedoniamque adgressus perdomuit. Ionas quoque
superavit. Deinde in Athenienses quod Ionas adversum se
auxilio juvissent, impetum fecit atque arma direxit. Porro
autem Athenienses, ubi adventare Darium compererunt,
instructis tanlum decern millibus civium, et Plataeensibus
auxiliaribus mille, adversum sexcenta millia hostium campis
Marathoniis proruperunt. Miltiades et tunc belio praefuit,
qui, celeritate magis quam v'utuiefretus, prius nosti com/ninus
inhaesit, quam posset expedito sagitlarum jactu propulsari.
32 Alfred's orosius.
[wiston] * paet Darius hie mid gefeohte secan wolde, hie
25 acuron endlefan pusend monna, 7 him ongean foran, 7pone cyning set paere dune metton pe mon haett Morot-
thonie 2. Heora ladteow waes haten Htesseus ; se waes mid
his daedum snelra ponne he maegenes haefde ; se geworhte
micelne dom on paem gefeohte. pa wearp tu hund pusenda
30 Persea ofslaegen, 7 pa opre gefliemed. pa he eft haefde fird
gegaderod on Perseum, 7 paet wrecan pohte, pa gefor he.
^Efter him feng his sunu to Persea rice, Xersis. paet
gewinn paet his faeder astealde he diegellice for paem v
gear scipa worhte, ond fultum gegaderode. pa waes mid
35 him an wraeccea of Laecedamania 3, Creca byrg, se waes
haten Dameraf , se paet facn to his cyppe gebodade, 7 hit
on anum brede awrat, 7 sippan mid weaxe beworhte. Xersis,
pa he an Crecas for, haefde his agenes folces vm c pusenda,
7 he haefde of operum feodum abeden mi cm; 7 he haefde
40 scipa, para miclena dulmuna, an m 7 11 hund, 7 para scipa
waeron in m pe hiora mete baeran; 7 ealles his heres waes
swelc ungemet paet mon eape cwepan mehte paet hit wundor
waere, hwaer hie landes haefden paet hie mehten an gewician,
oppe waeteres paet hie mehten him purst of adrincan. Svva
45 peari seo ungemetlice mengeo paes folces [waes] 4 pa iepre to
oferwinnanne ponne heo us sie nu to gerimanne oppe to
geliefanne.
Leonipa, Laecedemonia cyning, Creca byrg, haefde 1111
pusend monna, fa he angean Xersis for on anum nearwan
5° londfsestenne, 7 him paer mid gefeohte wipstod. Exersis 5
paet ofer folc swa swipe forseah, paet he ascade, hwaet
sceolde aet swa lytlum weorode mara fultum, buton fa ane pe
him paer aer abolgen waes on paem aerran gefeohte, paette waes
on Merothonia paere dune. Ac gesette pa men on aenne
1 wisten C. over the line, late.2 Morotthome both.
3 Lsecedemonia C.4 wees C. 0. /., late. 5 xersis C.
IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 33
Ducenta millia Persarum ea tempestate ceciderunt. Sensit
Darius hoc damnum. Cum autem instauraret bei/um, et
ulcisci in vie/ores moliretur, in ipso adparatu concidit.
Xerxes, Dario patri in regnum succedens, bellum a patre
susceptum, per quinquennium instruxit; quod Demaratus
Lacedaemonius, qui tunc apud Xerxem exsulabat, per tabellas
primum scriptas, deinde ceratas, suis prodidit. Igitur Xerxes
septingenta millia armatorum de regno, et trecenta millia de
auxiliis, rostratas etiam naves mille ducentas, onerarias autem
tria millia numero habuisse Jiarraiur ; ut exercitui immensae-
que classzvix ad potumjiumtna, vix terras ad ingressum, vix
maria ad cursum suffecisse memoratum sit. Huic tarn in-
credibili temporibus nosiris agmini, cujus numerum nunc
difficilius est adstrui, quam tunc fuit vinci.
Lecnida, rex Spartanorum, cum quatuor millibus hominum
in angustiis Thermopylarum obstitit. Xerxes autem, con-
temtu paucitatis objectae, iniri pugnam imperat. Porro illi,
quorum cognati in campis Marathoniis occubuerant, et cer-
taminis simul et cladis extitere principium, Deinde succedens
sibi iurba major ac segnior, triduo continuo non duorum pugna,
sed caedes unius populi fuit. Quarta autem die cum videret
34 Alfred's orosius.
55 truman pe mon hiora mgegas aer on faem londe slog, 7 wiste
J?set hie woldon geornfulran beon pxre wrace J^onne o})ere
men, 7 hie swa waeron o]> hie f>aer maest ealle ofslsegene
wurdon. Xersis, swij>e him f>a ofyyncendum £>aet his folc
swa forslagen waes, he self f>a f>aerto for mid eallum }?aem
60 maegene J?e he J>aerto gelaedan mehte, 7 f>aer feohtende waeron
in dagas, of> £>ara Persea waes ungemetlic wael geslaegen.
He het J>a ]?aet faeste lond utan ymbfaran, faet him mon
sceolde an ma healfa on feohtan J>onne on ane. Leonijm
f>aet pa, geascade J?aet hiene mon swa befridian wolde. He
65 f>onan afor, 7 his fierd gelaedde on an of>er faestre land, 7
pddr gewunedon of) niht. 7 him from afaran het ealla J?a
burgware pe he of of>erum londe him to fultome abeden
haefde, f>aet hie him gesunde burgen, for ps&m he ne uj>e J?aet
aenig ma folca for his J?ingum forwurde J>onne he self mic;
70 his agenre f>eode. Ac he f>us waes sprecende 7 geomriende
:
' Nu we untweogendlice witan f»aet we ure agen lif forlaetan
sceolan for pzem ungemetlican feondscipe pe ure ehtende
[on] x sindon ; uton J?ehhwaejjere acraeftan hu we heora an
J^isse niht maegen msest beswican, 7 us selfum betst word 7
75 longsumast set urum ende gewyrcan.' Hu micel f>aet is to
secganne f>aette Leonif>a mid vi c monna vicm swa ge-
bismrade, sume ofslog, sume gefliemde
!
Xersis waes p& aet twam cirrum on j^aem londe swa gescend
mid his ormaetan menige. He f>agiet friddan sif>e waes wil-
80 niende mid scipfierde J?aet he f>aes gewinnes mehte mare ge-
fremman, 7 him Ionas, Creca leode, on fultum gespon;
j?eh
hie aer ofer hiera willan him to gecierdon, 7 hie him geheton
f?aet hie J>set gefeoht aerest mid him selfum J?urhteon wolden,
j?eh hie him eft facen gelaesten, pa. hie on f>aem sae feohtende
85 waeron. Themestocles hatte Atheniensa ladteow. Hie waeron
cumen Leonif>an to fultume, }?eh hie aet £aem aerran gefeohte
1 From C. 0. /., and late.
IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. $$
Leonida undique hostem circumfundi, hortatur auxiliares
socios, ut subtrahentes se pugnae, se ad meliora tempora reser-
vent. Dimissis sociis, Spartanos admonet de gloria plurimum,
de vita nihil sperandum : sed occasione noctis perrwnpenda
castra, comniiscenda arma, co?iturba?ida agmina fore. Mirum
dictu, sexcenti viri castra sexcentorum millium inrwnpunt.
Xerxes, bis victus in terra, navale praelium parat. Sed
Themistocles, dux Atheniensium, cum intelhxisset Ionas
(guibus dum. auxilium superiore bello praebet, in se Persarum
impelum verieraf) in auxilium Xerxis instructam classem
dcdncere, sollicitare eos parti suae, hostique sublrahere staiuil.
Loci's, guibus Jones accessuri navibus videbantur, proponi sym-
bolos, saxisque adfigijubet, socios quondam et participes pericu-
lorum, nunc autem injuste agentes, apta increpatione corripiens,
atque ad antiquorum jura foederum religiosa adhorlatioiie
D 2
36 Alfred's orosius.
him ne mehten to cuman. Se Themestocles gemyndgade
Ionas faere ealdan fserube pe Xersis him to geworht haafde,
hu he hie mid forhergiunge 7 mid heora maega slihtum on his
90 geweald geniedde. He baed hie eac £>aet hie gemunden ]?ara
ealdena treowa 7 f>aes unarimedlican freondscipes pe hie
asgj^er haefdon ge to Atheniensum ge to Lascedemoniam aer
on ealddagum, 7 hie bidde[ndej waes }?aet hie mid sume sear-
awrence from Xerse f>aem cyninge sume hwile awende, j?aet
95 hie 7 Laecedemonie mosten \vi|? Persum J^aes gewinnes sumne
ende gewyrcan; [7] hi him ]?aere bene getyg^edon. pa J?a
Perse f>aet gesawon f>aet him f>a from bugan pe hie betst
getriewdon j?aet him sceolde sige gefeohtan, hie selfe eac
fleonde waeron, 7 hiora J>aer wear]? fela ofslaegen 7 adruncen
100 7 gefangen.
Xersis J?egn waes haten Marf>onius. Se hiene waes georne
laerende J>aet he ma hamweard for J^onne he pzer leng bide,
fjylaes aenegu ungef>waernes on his agnum rice ahafen wurde;
7 cwaef> J?aet hit gerisenlicre waere f>aet he J>aet gewinn him
105 betaehte mid f»aem fultume pe pxr to lafe f>agiet waes leng to
winnanne, 7 soede f»set hit f>aem cyninge laesse edwit waere gif
j?aem folce buton him J>agiet misspeowe, swa him aer dyde.
Se cyning J?a Xersis swif>e geliefedlice his pegne gehierde, 7
mid sumum daele his fultume J?onan afor. pa he J?a ham-
110 weard to p?eve ie com, pe he aer westweard het pa. ofermastan
brycge mid stane ofer gewyrcan, his sige to tacne pe he on
J?aem sif>e }?urhteon J>ohte, J?a waes seo ea to Jxm flede J?aet he
ne mehte to J?aere brycge cuman. pa waes J?aem cyninge
swij^e ange on his mode }?aet naj^aer ne he mid his fultume
115 naes, ne J?aet he ofer pa, ea cuman ne mehte. Toeacan J^aem
he him waes swife ondraedende J?aet him his fiend waeren
aefterfylgende. Him ]?a to com an fiscere, 7 unease hiene
senne ofer brohte. Hu God f>a maestan ofermetto 7 pddt
maeste angin on swa heanlice ofermetto geniferade, f>set
IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 37
persuadens;praecipueque admonens, uti commisso praelio
hello auferant. . . . Cum aulem anceps pugfia esseI, lones,juxta
praeceplum Themistoclis, paulatim se certamini subtrahere
coeperunt ; quorum defeciio Yersas,Jamfuga?n circumspicicnlcs.
aperie fugere persuasit. In qua trepidatione multae naves
mersae captaeque sunt.
Anxium lot mails regem Mardonius adgreditur, suadens,
regem in regnum redire oportere, prius quam adversafamanovas res domi moliretur. Se autem, si residuae sibi copiae
traderentur, ultionem ab hosle exacturum ; aut, si adversa
belli perseverassent, cessurum se quidem hosti, sed tamen sine
regis infamia. Probato consilio, exercitus Mardonio traditur.
Rex Abydum, ubi pontem veluti victor maris conseruerat,
cum paucis proficiscitur. Sed cum pontem hibernis tempesta-
iibus dissolutum offendisset, piscatoria scapha trepidus transit.
Erat sane quod spectare humanum genus et dolere debuerit,
mutationes rerum hac vel maxime varietale permetiens, exiguo
contentum latere navigio, sub quo ipsum pelagusante latuisset
;
vilissimo unius servuli egere ministerio, cujus polentiae ipsa
etiam rerum natura cessissel.
38 Alfred's orosius.
1 20 se, se j?e him aer gefmhte J>aet him nan sae wifhabban ne
mehte faet he hiene mid scipun 7 mid his fultume afyllan
ne mehte, faet he eft waes biddende anes lytles troges set
anum earman men, J>aet he mehte his feorh generian !
Morfonius, Xersis fegn, forlet f>a scipa f>e hie on farende
125 waeron, 7 for to anre byrig on Boetium, Creca londe, 7 hie
abraec. Him mon f>aet aefter faem hraedlice forgeald, J?a hie
mon gefliemde, 7 swife forslog; feh )?e Atheniensum se sige
7 seo reafung )?aes Persiscan feos to maran sconde wurde,
for fon, siffan hie welegran waeron, hie eac bleafran
13° gewurdon. iEfter faem Xersis wear)? his agenre feode
swife unweorf, 7 hiene his agen ealdormon Artabatus
besirede 7 ofslog.
Eala, cwaef Orosius, hu lustbaerlice tida on faem dagum
waeron, swa swa f>a secgaf, f»e f>aes cristendomes wiferflitan
135 sint, faet us nu aefter swelcum longian maege swelce fa
waeron, }>a swa micel folc on swa lytlan firste aet frim folc-
gefeohtum forwurdon, f>aet waes nigon x hund fusenda of
Persa anra anwealde buton hiera wiferwinnum, aegfer ge of
Sciffium ge of Crecum ! paet tacnade Leonifa on his f>aem
140 nihstan gefeohte 7 Persa, hwelc moncwealm on Creca londe
waes mid monigfealdum deafum, mid f»aem fe he sprecend[e]
waes to his geferum set his underngereorde, aer he to faem
gefeohte fore :' Uton nu brucan fisses undernmetes swa fa
sculon fe hiora aefengifl on helle gefeccean sculon.' peh he
145 swa fa cwaede, he cwaef eft ofer word : ' peh ic aer saede
f aet we to helle sceolden, feh ne geortriewe ic na Gode faet
he us ne maege gescildan to beteran tidun fonne we nu on
sint/ Leonifa saede faet fa tida fa yfele waeron, 7 wilnade
faet him toweard beteran waeron; 7 nu sume men secgaf
150 f aet fa beteran waeren fonne nu sien. Nu hie swa twywyr-
dige sindon, fonne waeron aegfer gode, ge fa aerran, swa
sum[e m]en nu secgaf, ge eac fas aefterran, swa hie aer
IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 39
At vero Mardonius adjlatus primum successu, mox in
extrema dejecius est. Olynthum siquidem, Graeciae oppidum,
expugnavit. ... /;/ Boeotiam omnem belli adparatwn deducit.
Illuc guoque eu?n centum millia Graecorwn insecuta swit, et
Mardonium, deletis copiis ipsius, fugere compulerunt : castra
regiis opibus referta ceperunt, non parvo quidem antiquae
indusiriae damno. Nam post hujuspraedae divisionem, aurum
Persicum prima Graeciae virtutis corruptiofuit. Xerxes bello
in Graecia infeliciler gesio, contemtibilis suis factus, per
Artabanum, praefectum suum, in regia circumventus, occi-
ditur.
O tempora desiderio et recordations dignissima! dies
illos ifioffensae serenitalis, qui nobis veluti e tenebris respiciendi
proponuntur, quibus, brevissimo intervallo, de visceribus unius
regni decies novies centena millia virorum tria bella rapu-
erunt; ut taceam de Graecia . . . Leonida in bello isto
adversus Xerxem, quod supremum ipsi atque hosiibus fuit,
cum sexcentis suis famosissima ilia incitamenta dixisset
:
' Prandete, tamquam apud inferos coenaturi/ auxiliaribus
tamen misericorditer suasit, ut se ad meliora tempora re-
servarent. Ecce cum ille promisit futura meliora, isti
asserunt meliora praelerita, quid aliud colligi datur, utroque
in suis deiestante praesenlia, nisi aut semper bona esse, sed
ingrata, aut numquam omnino meliora ?
40 ALFREDS 0R0SIUS.
saedon, 7 naeron naf>ere an Jmnce ;gif hie J>6nne sof» ne
saedon, f>onne naeron naj>er gode [ne pi], ne nu.
X.
SIEGES OF VEII AND ROME.
(p. 90.)
iEfter J?9em pe Romeburg getimbred wses 111 hunde wintra
7 lv, faette Romane besaeton Veiorum pa. burg x winter. 7him Ipsdt setl swifor derede Jxmne J?am fe faerinne waeron,
segf>er ge an ciele ge an hungre ; buton faem f»e mon oft
5 hergeade aeg)?er ge on hie selfe ge on heora land set ham. 7hie fa hraedlice beforan heora feondum forweorfan sceoldon,
faer hie fa burg ne abraecen mid faem craefte pe fa scondli-
cost waes, feh he him eft se weorfesta wurde, f aet waes f aet
hie from heora wicstowum under faere eorfan dulfon, of hie
10 binnan f aere byrig up eodon, 7 hie nihtes on frumslaepe on
bestaelan, 7 fa burg mid ealle awestan. pysne nyttan craeft,
feh he arlic naere, funde heora tictator, Camillis hatte.
Sona aefter faem wear}? Romana gewinn 7 fara Gallia fe
waeron of Senno faere byrig. paet waes aerest for faem fa
15 Gallia hasfdon beseten Tusci fa burg, pa sendon RomaneSerendracan to Gallium, 7 hie baedon f aet hie frif wif hie
haefden. pa on faem ilcan daege aefter faem pe hie fiss
gesprecen haefdon, fuhton Gallie on fa burg; fa gesawan
hie Romana aerendracan on hie feohtende mid faem burg-
20 warum. Hie for faem hie gebulgon, 7 pa. burg forleton, 7mid eallum heora fultume Romane sohton. 7 him Vavius
se consul mid gefeohte ongean com, 7 eac rafe gefliemed
wearf eft into Romebyrig, 7 him Gallie waeron aefterfylgende
X. SIEGES OF VEII AND ROME. 41
of hie ealle faer binnan woeron. Gelice 7 men meed mawe,
hie woeron fa burg hergende 7 sleande buton aelcre ware. 25
pa?t tacen nugiet cuf is on f aere ea noman faes consules
sieges Faviuses.
Ne wene ic, cwaef Orosius, J^cet aenig mon atellan maege
ealne fone demm fe Romanum aet fcem cirre gedon wearf,
feh hie fa burg ne forbaernden, swa hie fa gedydon. 7 fa 30
feawan fe faer to lafe wurdon gesealdon m punda goldes
wif heora feore ; 7 hie fast dydon for faem swifost fe hie
fohtan f aet hie siffan hiora underfeowas waeren. 7 sume
binnan faet faesten opflugon, f aet hie Capitoliam heton. Hie
fa eac besaeton, of) hie sume hungre acwselan, sume on hand 35
eodan, 7 hie siffan ofrum folcum him wif feo gesealdon.
Hu fyncf eow nu, cwaef Orosius, fe faes cristendomes
tida leahtriaf , siffan Gallia lit of faere byrig aforan, hu blife
tida Romane aefter faem haefdon. pa fa iermingas f e faer
to lafe wurdon lit of faem holan crupon fe heo on lutedan, 40
swa bewopene swelce hie of oferre worolde come, fonne hie
besawon on pa. besengdan burg 7 on f»a westan, faet him fa
wses syndrig ege faer him aer waes seo [maeste] ' wyn. Eac
buton faem yfele nahton hie nafer ne faerinne mete ne
faerute freond. '15
paet waeron fa tida J?e Romane nu aefter sicaf , 7 cwefaf
faet him Gotan wyrsan tida gedon haebben ponne hie aer
haefdon, 7 naeron on hie hergende buton frie dagas; 7 Gallie
waeron aer siex monaf binnan posre byrig hergende, 7 fa
burg baernende ; 7 him p aet fagiet to lytel yfel fuhte buton 5°
hie eac hie paes naman bename faet hie nan folc naeren. Eft
fa Gotan faer laessan hwile hergedan f aet hie for faes cristen-
domes are 7 furh Godes ege f aet hie nafer ne fa burg ne
baerndon ne faes fone willan naefdon f aet hie heora noman
hie benamon. Ne fara nanne ynian noldari fe to faem 55
1 maesta Z.
42 ALFREDS OROSIUS.
Godes huse of>flugon, J?eh hie haef»ene waere ; ac swif>or micle
wseron wilniende }?3et hie gemong him mid sibbe sittan mosten.
7 unease mehte asr aenig J?aem Gallium [of>fleon]16\>]>t of>hy-
dan. 7 f>a J>a Gotan }?ser lytle hwile hergedan, ne mehte mon
6o buton feawa [ofslagenra] 2 geahsian. peer wses gesiene Godes
irre, }>a hiora aerenan [beamas] 3 7 hiora anlicnessa, f>a hie ne
mehton from Galliscum fyre forbaernede weor]?an; ac hi
hefenisc fyr set f»3em ilean cyrre forbaernde.
Ne wene ic, cwae)? Orosius, nu ic longe spell haebbe to
65 secgenne, f>aet ic hie on fisse bee geendian maege ; ac ic
of>ere anginnan sceal.
XL
M. CURTIUS.
(p. 102.)
JEfter feosan on f>3em ilean geare tohlad seo eorf>e binnan
Romebyrig. pa ssedon heora biscepas eft ]?set heora godas
bsedan J?set him mon sealde aenne cucne mon, £>a him J^uhte
f»aet heo heora deadra to lyt haefden. 7 seo eor}?e swa gini-
5 ende bad, op J?aet Marcus, pe olpve noman hatte Curtius, mid
horse 7 mid waepnum f>aeroninnan besceat; 7 hio sif>fan
togaedre behlad.
XII.
DECIUS MUS.
(p. 108.)
iEfter }>aem pe Romeburg getimbred waes 1111 hunde win-
trum 7 viii, gewearf) fsette Romane 7 Latine wunnon. On
1 Wanting in both.2 ofslagenre Z. 8 beames L.
XIII. CAUDINE FORKS. 43
f>aem forman gefeohte wearf> Romane ' consul ofslagen
Mallius, pe of»re noman waes haten Tarcuatus. 7 heora
oj?er consul, pe mon Detius 2hett, 7 o}?re noman Mure, his 5
agenne sunn ofslog, for pon he oferbrsec heora gecwedrae-
denne, ]?oet waes £>aet [hyj haefdon gecweden J>aet hie ealle
emlice on Latine tengden. Ac J?aer an ut asceat of Latina
weorode, 7 anwiges baed, 7 him foes consules sunu ongean
com, 7 hiene j?aer ofslog. For f>aem gylte hiene eft hett his 10
faeder ofslean. For f>aem siege noldan Romane brengan
f>aem consule f>one triumphan, pe heora gewuna waes, pch he
sige haefde.
XIII.
CAUDINE FORKS.
(p. 120.)
lifter f>aem pe Romeburg getimbred waes 1111 hunde
wintra 7 vi 7 xxgum, Caudenes Furcules 3 seo stow gewearf)
swij?e maere, 7 giet todaege is, for Romana bismere. paet
gewear]? aefter J^aem. gefeohte pe Romane 7 Somnite haefdon,
swa we aer beforan saedon, f>a J>ara Somnita xx M ofslagen 5
wurdon under Favia f>aem consule. Ac Somnite aet ofran
gefeohte mid maran fultume 7 mid maran waerscipe to
Romana gemetinge coman J?onne hie aer dyde, aet }>aere
stowe pe mon haett Caudenes Furculus. 7 f>aer Romane
swifost for j?aem besierede waeron pe him }?aet land uncufre 10
waes f>onne hit Somnitum waere; 7 on ungewis on an nire-
wett beforan, 0)3 hie Somnite utan beforan; paet hie sif»f>an
1 Romana C.y Decius C.
8 e alteredfrom a ; Furculus C.
44 ALFREDS OROSIUS.
oper sceoldon, of>)?e for metelieste heora lif alaetan, olppe
Somnitum an hand gan. On f>aem anwalde waeron Somnite
15 swa bealde ]?aet se sealing pe heora ladteow waes, Pontius
wses haten, het ascian J>one cyning his fseder, pe ]?aer aet
ham wses, h\vae)?er him leofre waere, pe he hie ealle acwealde,
pe hie libbende to bismre [gerenian] * hete. Hie }?a se
aej>eling to J>aem bismre getawade pe f>a on }?aem dagum
20 maest waes, J^aet he hie bereafade heora claf>a 7 heora waepna,
7 siex hund gisla on his geweald underfeng, on j^aet gerad
paet hie him sij?]yan ece j^eowas waeren. 7 se aej^eling bebead
sumum his folce }?aet hie gebrohten Romana consulas 7
heora witan aet heora agnum londe, 7 him beforan drifen
25 swa swa niedlingas, J>aet heora bismer py mare waere.
Geornor we woldon, cwaef Orosius, iowra Romana bismra
beon forsugiende f>onne secgende, paer we for eowerre agenre
gnornunge moste, pe ge wif> J>aem cristendome habbaf).
Hwaet, ge witon J>aet ge giet todaege waeron Somnitum J>eowe,
30 gif ge him ne alugen iowra wedd 7 eowre a]?as pe ge him
sealdon; 7 ge murcia]? nu, for faem pe monega folc pe ge
anwald ofer haefdon, noldon eow gelaestan J?aet hie eow
beheton; 7 nellaj? gej»encan hu la]? eow selfum waes to
gelaestanne eowre a£>as J>aem pe ofer eow anwald haefdo^i
!
35 Sona J>aes on J?aem aefteran geare forbraecon Romane
heora afas pe hie Somnitum geseald haefdon, 7 mid Papiria
heora consule hie mid firde gesohton, 7 J?aer deadlicne sige
geforan, for )?aem pe aegj>er J>ara folca waes paes gefeohtes
georn, Somnite for J>aem anwalde pe hie on aegfere healfe
4° haefdon, 7 Romane for f>aem bismere pe fhie aer aet him
geforan, of> Romane gefengon Somnita cyning, 7 heora
faesten abraecon, 7 hie to gafolgieldum gedydon. Se ilea
Papirius waes aefter J^aem gefeohte mid Romanum swelces
domes beled )?aet hie hiene to ]x)n gecoren haefdon J>aet he
1 gereniam L.
XIV. ALEXANDER. 45
mid gefeohte mehte faem maran Alexandre wifstondan, gif 45
he eastane of Asiam Italiam gesohte, swa he gecweden
haefde.
XIV.
ALEXANDER,
(p. 122.)
iEfter faem fe Romeburg getimbred waes 1111 hunde
wintrum 7 xxvi, feng Alexander to Maecedonia rice aefter
Philippuse his faeder, 7 his aerestan fegnscipe on fon
gecyfde fa he ealle Crecas mid his snyttro on his geweald
geniedde, ealle fa fe wif hiene gewin upahofon. paet wear)? 5
aerest from Persum, fa hie sealdon Demostanase faem
philosophe licgende feoh wif faem fe he gelaerde ealle
Crecas J?set hie Alexandre wifsocen. Athene budon gefeoht
Alexandre, ac he hie sona forslog 7 gefliemde, fast hie
siffan ungemetlicne ege from him haefdon. 7 Thebana 10
faesten abraec, 7 mid ealle towearp, faette aer waes ealra Creca
heafodstol, 7 sif»J>an fast folc eall on ellfeodge him wif feo
gesealde; 7 ealle fa ofre feoda fe an Crecum waeron he to
gafolgieldum gedyde, buton Msecedonium fe him aest to
gecirdon. 7 fonan waes farende an Nilirice 7 on Thraci, 15
«7 hie ealle to him gebigde. 7 siffan he gegaderode fird
wif Perse, 7 fa hwile fe he hie gaderade, he ofslog ealle
his maegas fe he geraecan mehte. On his fefehere waeron
xxxii m, 7 faes gehorsedan fifte healf m, 7 scipa an hund 7
eahtatig. Nat ic, cwaef Orosius, hwaefer mare wundor waes, 20
fe faet he swa mid l lytle fultume fone maestan dael fisses
middangeardes gegan mehte, fe faet he mid swa lytle
weorode swa micel anginnan dorste.
1 mid swa C.
46 Alfred's orosius.
On fsem serestan gefeohte fe Alex[an]der gefeaht wif
-5 Darius an Persum, Darius hsefde siex hund m folces. Hewear]? feh swifor beswicen for Alexandres searewe fonne
for his gefeohte. pser wses ungemetlic wael geslagen Persa
;
7 Alexandres nses na ma fonne hundtwelftig on fsem rsede-
here, 7 nigan on fsem fefan. pa afor Alexander fonan on
30 Frigam, Asiam lond, 7 heora burg abrsec 7 towearp fe monhsett Sardis. pa ssegde him mon fset Darius [hsefde] eft
fird gegaderod on Persum. Alexander him fset fa ondred
for fsere nearwan stowe fe he fa on wses, 7 hrsedlice for
fsem ege fonan afor ofer Taurasan fone beorg, 7 un-
35 geliefedlicne micel[ne] weg on fsem dsege gefor, of he com
to Tharsum fsere byrg on Cilicium fsem londe. On fsem
dsege he gemette ane ea, sio hsefde ungemettlice ceald wseter,
seo wses Cifnus haten. pa ongan he hine bafian fseron
swa swatigne; fa for Ipddm ciele him gescruncan ealle fa
4° sedra, fset him mon fses lifes ne wende.
Rafe sefter fsem com Darius mid firde to Alexandre. Hehsefde m c [fusenda] fefena 7 an hund fusenda gehorsedra.
Alexander wses fa him swife ondrsedende for fsere miclan
menige 7 for fsere lytlan fe he self hsefde, feh fe he ser mid
45 fsere ilcan Darius maran ofercome. fset gefeoht wses gedon
mid micelre geornfullnesse of fsem folcum bsem, 7 fser
waeron fa cyningas begen gewundod. pser wses Persa x m
ofslsegen gehorsedra, 7 eahtatig m fefena, 7 eahtatig m ge*>
fangenra. 7 fser wses ungemetlic[e] micel licgende feoh
50 funden on fsem wicstowun. pser wses Darius modor ge-
fangen, 7 his wif, sio wses his swiostor, 7 his 11 dohtor.
pa bead Darius healf his rice Alexandre wif fsem wifmon-
num, ah him nolde Alexander f ses getygfian. Darius fa
giet friddan sife gegaderade fird of Persum 7 eac [ofj ofrum
55 londum fone fultum fe he him to aspanan mehte, 7 wif
Alexandres for. pa hwile fe Darius fird gegaderode, fa
XIV. ALEXANDER. 47
hwile sende Alexander Parmenionem his ladteow faet he
Darius sciphere gefiiemde. 7 he self f6r in Sirium, 7 hie
him ongean comon, 7 his mid eafmodnessun anfengon, 7 he
feah nafelaes heora land oferhergeade, 7 fast folc sum fcer 60
sittan let, sum fonan adraefde, sume on elfiode him wif feo
gesealde. 7 Tirus fa ealdan burg 7 fa welegan he besaett, 7
siffan tobraec, 7 mid ealle towearp, for fon hi hine lustlice
anfon noldan. 7 siffan for on Cilicium, 7 faet folc to him
geniedde; 7 siffan on Rofum faet iglond, 7 faet folc to 65
him geniedde; 7 setter faem he for on Egypti, 7 hi to him
geniedde; 7 [faer]
x het fa burg atimbran fe mon siffan be
him het Alexandria. 7 siffan he for to faem hearge fe
Egypti saedon faet he waere Amones heora godes, se waes
Iobeses sunu heora ofres godes, to fon faet he wolde be- 70
ladian his modor Nectanebuses faes drys, fe mon saede faet
he Alexandres faeder waere. pa bebead Alexander faem
haefnan biscepe faet he becrupe on faes Amones anlicnesse
c[e inne on faem hearge waes, aer faem fe he 7 faet folc hie
faer gegaderede, 7 saede hu he him an his gewill beforan 7=
[fam] folce 7\vyrdan sceolde faes he hiene ascade. Genoh
sweotollice us gedyde nu to witanne Alexander hwelce fa
haefnan godas sindon to weorfianne, faet hit swifor is of
fara biscepa gehlote 7 of heora agenre gewyrde faet faet hie
secgaf fonne of fara goda mihte. 80
Of faere stowe for Alexander friddan sife ongean Darius,
7 hie set Tharse faere byrig hie gemetton. On faem
gefeohte waeron Perse swa swife forslagen fset hie heora
miclan [anwealdes] 2 7 longsuman hie selfe siJ>J?an wif Alex-
ander to nohte ne bemaetan. pa Darius geseah faet he 85
oferwunnen beon wolde, fa wolde he hiene selfne on faem
gefeohte forspillan, ac hine his fegnas ofer his willan from
1J?at £.
2 anwaldas Z.
48 Alfred's orosius.
atugon, paet he r ippan waes fleonde mid paere firde. 7
Alexander waes xxxm daga on paere stowe, aer he pa wic-
90 stowa 7 paet wael bereafian mehte. 7 sippan for on Perse, 7geeode Persibulis pa burg, heora cynestol, seo is giet wele-
gast ealra burga. pa saede man Alexandre paet Darius
haefde gebunden his [agene] maegas mid gyldenre racentan.
pa for he wip his mid siex hund monna, 7 funde hiene aenne
95 be wege licgan, mid sperum tosticad, healfcucne. He pa
Alexander him anum deadum lytle mildheortnesse gedyde,
paet he hiene hett bebyrgean an his ieldrena byrg, pe he
sippan nanum ende his cynne gedon nolde, ne his wif[e],
ne his meder, ne his bearnum, ne paette ealra laest waes, his
100 gingran dohtor, he nolde buton hseftniede habban, seo waes
lytel cild.
Unease maeg mon to gel[e]afsuman gesecgan swa monig-
feald yfel swa on paem prim gearum gewurdon, on prim
folcgefeohtum, betux twaem cyningum. paet waeron fieftiene
105 hund pusend monna paet binnan paem forwurdon. 7 of
paem ilcan folcum forwurdon lytle aer, swa hit her beforan
*
saegp, nigantiene hund m monna, buton miclan hergiungum,
pe binnan paem prim gearum gewurdon an monigre peode.
paet is paet Asirie eall seo peod awest wear]? from Alexandre,
no 7 monega byrig on Asiam, 7 Tirus seo maere burg eall
toworpenu, 7 Cilicia paet lond eall awest, 7 Capadotia poet
lond 7 ealle Egypti on peowote gebroht, 7 Ropum paet
iglond mid ealle awest, 7 monog opra land ymbe Tauros
pa muntas.
115 Nales paet an paet heora twegea gewinn pa waere on
paem eastende pisses middangeardes ; ac onemn paem Agidis,
Spartana cyning, 7 Antipater, oper Creca cyning, wunnon
him betweonum. 7 Alexander, Epira cyning, paes miclan
1 beforan an L.
XIV. ALEXANDER. 49
Alexanderes 1 [earn] se wilnade faes wesi^aeles swa se o]?er
dyde faes eastdaeles, 7 fird gelaedde in Italiam, 7 faer hraed- 1 20
lice ofslagen wearf>. 7 on faere ilcan tide Zoffirion, Ponto
[cyning] 2, in Sciffie mid firde gefor, 7 he his 3
folc mid ealle
[J>aer] forwearj).
Alexander aefter Darius deafe gewonn ealle Mandos 7
ealle Ircaniam. ^Efter )?aem wonn Alexander wijs Parthim i-\-
J?aem folce, 7 he hie neah ealle forslog 7 fordyde, aer he
hie gewinnan mehte. 7 sefter faem he gewonn Drancas
j?aet folc, 7 Euergetas, 7 Paramomenas, 7 Aspanias 4, 7
monega o)?ra feoda Ipe gesetene sint ymbe fa muntas
Caucasus, 7 faer het ane burg atimbran, Ipe mon siffan het 13°
Alexandria.
Nses his scinlac ne his hergiung on fa fremdan ane, ac
he gelice slog 7 hiende fa fe him on siml waeron mid
farende 7 winnende. JEst he ofslog Amintas his modrian
sunu, 7 siffan his brofor, 7 fa Parmenion his fegn, 7 fa 135
Filiotes, 7 fa Cutulusan, fa Eurilohus, fa Pausanias, 7
monege ofre fe of Maecedonian ricoste waeron. 7 Clitus,
se waes aegfer ge his fegn ge aer Philippuses his faeder, fa
hie sume sife druncne aet heora symble saetan, fa angunnon
hi rea[h]tigean hwaefer ma maerlecra daeda gefremed haefde, mo
fe Philippus fe Alexander, pa saegde se Clitus for ealdre
hyldo faet Philippus mare 5 haefde gedon fonne he. He fa
Alexander ahleop, 7 hiene for faere saegene ofslog. He
Alexander toecan faem fe he hienende waes aegfer ge his
folc ge oferra cyninga, he waes [sinfyrstende]6 monnes 145
blodes.
Rafe aefter faem he for mid firde on Chorasmas, 7 on
Dacos, 7 him to gafolgieldum hie geniedde. [Chalisten] 7
1 Alexandres C.2 cyninges L.
3 he his -j C, the i *» rt late hand. * Assapias C5 ma C 6 sinstyrsende Z. 7 Hcalisten L.
50 ALFREDS 0R0SIUS.
fone philosofum he ofslog, his emnscolere, fe hi aetgaedere
150 gelaerede waeron set Aristotolese heora magistre, 7 monege
men mid him, for fori hie noldon to him gebiddan swa to
heora Gode.
JEfter faem he for on Indie, to fon faet he his rice
gebraedde of fone eastgarsecg. On faem sife he geeode
»55 Nisan, India heafodburg, 7 ealle fa beorgas fe monDaedolas
haett, 7 eall pset rice Cleoffiles faere cwene. JEfter faem pe
Alexander haafde ealle Indie him to gewildon gedon, buton
anre byrg, seo waes ungemettan 1faeste mid cludum ymb-
weaxen, fa geascade he fast Ercol se ent fser waes to gefaren
160 on aerdagum, to fon fget he hie abrecan fohte ; ac he hit for
faem ne angan fe faer waes eorfbeofung on faere tide. He
fa Alexander hit swifost for fasm angann fe he wolde fset
his maerfa waeren maran fonne Ercoles, feh fe he hie mid
micle forlore faes folces begeatev.
165 JEfter faem Alexander haefde gefeoht wif Porose faem
strengstan Indea cyninge. On faem gefeohte waeron fa
maestan blodgytas on aegfere healfe fara folca. On faem
gefeohte Poros 7 Alexander gefuhton anwig of 2 horsum.
pa ofslog Poros Alexandres hors, fe Bucefal waes haten, 717° hiene selfne mehte, faer him his fegnas to fultume ne comen.
7 he haefde Poros monegum wundum gewundodne, 7 hiene
eac gewildne gedyde, siffan his fegnas him to comon.
7 him eft his rice to forlet for his fegnscipe, fy he swa swif
e
Maes feohtende ongean hiene. 7 he Alexander him het
i75 siffan twa byrg atimbran : ofer waes hatenu be his horse
Bucefal, ofer Nicea.
Siffan he for on Raestas fa leode, 7 on Cathenas 7 on
Presidas, 7 an Gangeridas, 7 wif hie ealle gefeaht, 7 oferwon.
pa he com on India eastgemaera, fa com him faer ongean
180 twa hund fusenda monna gehorsades folces, 7 hie Alexander
1 nngemetan C. 2 on C.
XIV. ALEXANDER. 5
1
unease ofenvonn aegf>er ge for faere sumorbcete ge cac for
]:>aem oftrsedlican gefeohtum. Siffan aefter Jjaem he wolde
habban maran wicstowa ponne his gewuna cur waere, for ]x>n
he him siff>an aefter paem gefeohte swi}?or on saet fonne he
aer dyde. 1S5
iEfter Jjsem he f6r ut on garsecg of J>aem mu]?an, pe seo
ea wses hatenu Eginense, on an iglond, pxr Sivos £>aet folc
7 Iersomas on eardedon, 7 hi Ercol J?aer ger gebrohte 7gesette
; [7] he him J»a to gewildum gedyde. ^Efter J>aem
he for to J>aem iglande, pe monn p>aet folc Mandras haett, 7 190
Subagros; 7 hi him brohton ongean eahta c M fej^ena 7 lx m
gehorsades folces. 7 hie lange waeron )?aet dreogende aer
heora afer mehte on oJ?rum sige geraecan, aer Alexander
late unweordlicne sige geraehte.
JEher ]?aem he gefor to anum faestenne. pa he faer to 195
com, pa. ne mehton hie nanne monn on J?aem faestenne utan
geseon. pa wundrade Alexander hwy hit swa aemenne
waere; 7 hraedlice J^one weall self oferclom, 7 he J?aer wear)? from
Jxem burgwarum in abroden. 7 hie his sij^an waeran swa
swife ehtende swa hit is ungeliefedlic to secganne, ge mid 20c
scotum, ge mid stana torfungum, ge mid eallum heora
wigcraeftum, faet swaj^eah ealle pa burgware ne mehton
hiene aenne genieddan [fset]1 he him an hand gan wolde.
Ac pa. him J>cet folc swipost an J>rang, fa gestop he to
anes wealles byge, 7 hiene J?aer awerede. 7 swa eall 205
J^aet folc wearj> mid him anum agaeled J?aet hie J>aes wealles
nane gieman ne dydon, op Alexandres fegnas toemnes him
}?one weall abraecon, 7 pxr in coman. peer wear]? Alex-
ander Jmrhscoten mid anre flan underneofan o)>er breost.
Nyte we nu hwaefer sie swifor to wundrianne, pe faet, hu he 210
ana wif) ealle pa. burgware hiene awerede, j?e eft, J?a him
fultum com, hu he J^urh J?aet folc gefrang J^aet he J>one ilean
1 fonne L.
E 2
5* ALFRED'S OROSTUS.
ofslog fe hiene ser furhsceat ; fe eft fara fegna angin, fa
hie untweogend[lice] wendon fset heora hlaford wsere on
215 heora feonda gewealde, offe cuca offe dead, f»set hie
swafeah noldon fses weallgebreces geswican, fset hie heora
hlaford ne gewrsecen, feh fe hie hiene mefigne on cneowum
sittende metten.
Siffan he fa burg hsefde him to gewildum gedon, fa for
220 he to ofre byrg, fser Ambira se cyning on wunode. pser
forwearf micel Alexandres heres for gesetredum gescotum.
Ac Alexandre wearf on fsere ilcan niht an swefne an wyrt
ofewed. pa nam he fa on mergen, 7 sealde hie fsem
gewundedum drincan; 7 hie wurdon mid fsem gehseled
;
225 7 siffan fa burg gewann.
Ond he siffan hwearf hamweard to Babylonia, pser
waeron aerendracan on anbide of eallre worolde : fset wses
from Spaneum, 7 of Affrica, 7 of Gallium, 7 of ealre Italia:
Swa egefull waes Alexander fa fa he wses on Indeum, on
230 eastevveardum fissum middangearde, fsette fa from him
ondredan fe wseron on westeweardum. Eac him coman
aerendracan ge of monegum feodum, fe nan mon Alex-
andres geferscipes ne wende fset man his naman wiste, 7
him frifes to him wilnedon. pagiet fa Alexander ham
235 com to Babylonia, fagiet wses on him se msesta furst
monnes blodes. Ac fa fa his geferan ongeatan fset he
fses gewinnes fagiet geswican nolde, ac he ssede fset he
on African faran wolde, fa geleornedon his byrelas him be-
tweonum hu hie him mehten fset lif offringan; 7 him
240 gesealdon ator drincan : fa forlet he his lif.
Eala, cwsef Orosius, on hu micelre dysignesse men nu
sindon on feosan cristendome ! Swa feh fe him lytles hwset
uniefe sie, hu earfeflice hi hit gemsenaf ! ofer fara is, offe
hie hit nyton, offe hi hit witan nyllaf , an hwelcun brocum fa
245 lifdon fe ser him wseron. Hu wenaf hie hu fam wsere fe
XV. HIMILCO. 53
on Alexandres onwalde waeron, fa him fa [swa] swijje hicne
ondredan fe on westeweardum fisses middangeardes waeron
faet hie on swa micle nefinge, 7 on swa micel ungewiss,
aegfer ge on saes fyrhto, ge on vvestennum wildeora 7wyrmcynua missenlicra, ge on feoda gereordum, faet hie 250
hiene aefter frife sohton on easteweardum feosan middan-
gearde. Ac we witon georne faet hie nu ma for iergfe
nafer ne durran, ne swa feor frif gesecan, ne furfon hie selfe
aet ham set heora cotum hie werian, fonne hie monn set hamsecf. Ac faet hie magon faet hie fas tida leahtrien. 2 55
XV.
HIMILCO.
. (p. 166.)
jEfter faem Himelco, Cartaina cyning, gefor mid firde an
Siciliae, 7 him faer becom swa faerlic yfel faet fa men waeron
swa rafe deade swa hit him an becom, faet hie fa aet nihstan
hie bebyrgean ne mehton. 7 he for faem ege his unwillum
fonan wende, 7 ham for mid faem fe faer to lafe waeron. 5
Sona swa faet forme scip land gesohte, ond faet egeslice spell
gebodade, swa waeron ealle fa burgware, Cartaginenses, mid
swiflice heafe 7 wope anstyred, 7 aelc acsiende 7 frinende
aefter his friend; 7 hie untweogendlice nanra treowfa him ne
wendon, buton faet hie mid ealle forweorfan sceolde. Mid 10
faem fe fa burgware swa geomorlic angin haefdon, fa [com] 1
se cyning self mid his scipe, 7 land gesohte mid swife lyfer-
licum gegierelan. 7 aegfe[r] ge he [sylf] wepende hamweard
for, ge faet folc faet him ongean com, eall hit him wepende
1 con L.
54 Alfred's orosius.
15 hamweard folgade. 7 he se cyning his handa waes upp-
weardes braedende wij> J?aes heofones, 7 mid oferheortnesse
him waes waniende aegj^er ge his agene heardsaetya ge ealles
£>aes folces. 7 he )?agiet him selfum gedyde J?set faer wyrrest
waes, ]?a he to his inne c6m, )?a he J)set folc fȣer lite betynde,
20 7 hiene aenne J^aerinne beleac, 7 hiene selfne ofslog.
XVI.
REGULUS AND THE SERPENT.
(p. 174.)
^Efter J?aem Regulus se consul underfeng Cartaina gewinn.
pa he aest J>ider mid firde farende waes, pa gewicade he neah
anre ie, seo waes haten Bagrada. pa com of J?aem waetre an
naedre, seo waes ungemetlice micel, 7 )?a men ealle ofslog pe
"5 neh paem waetre coman. pa gegaderade Regulus ealle J>a
scyttan pe on paem faerelte waeron, paet hie mon mid flanum
ofercome. Ac ponne hie mon slog oppe sceat, ponne glad
hit on paem scyllum, swelce hit waere smepe isen. pa het he
mid paem palistas, mid paem hie weallas braecon, ponne hie
10 on faestenne fuhton, paet hiere mon mid paem pwyres on
wurpe. pa wearj> hiere mid anum wierpe an ribb forod, paet
hio sippan maegen ne haefde hie to gescildanne, ac rape paes
hio wearp ofslagen ; for pon hit is naedrena gecynd paet heora
maegen 7 hiera fepe bip on heora ribbum, swa operra creo-
15 pendra wyrma bip on heora fotum. pa hio gefylled waes, he
het hie behyldan, 7 pa hyde to Rome bringan, 7 hie paer
to maerpe apenian, for pon heo waes hund twelftiges fota
lang.
XVI. REGULUS. XVII. HANNIBAL. $$
XVII.
HANNIBAL.
(p. 186.)
iEfter faem fe R.omeburg getimbred waes v bunde wintrum
7 xxxiii, Hannibal, Pena cyning, besaet Saguntum, Ispania
burg, for fon [fe] hie on symbel wif Romanum sibbe heol-
don; 7 faer waes sittende eahta monaf, of he hie ealle hungre
acwealde, 7 fa burg towearp, feh fe Romane heora aerend- 5
racan him to sendon, 7 hie firmetton f aet hie f aet gewinn
forleten; ac he hie swa unweorflice forseah, faet he heora
self onseon nolde. On fam gewinne, 7 eac monegum ofrum
aefter faem, Hannibal gecyfde fone nif 7 fone hete fe he
beforan his faeder geswor, fa he nigonwintre cniht waes, faet ic
he naefre ne wurde Romana freond.
pa fa Publius Cornelius, 7 Scipa Publius, 7 Sempronius
Longus, fa hie waeron [consulas], Hannibal abraec mid
gefeohte ofer fa beorgas fe mon haet Perenei, fa sindon
betux Galleum 7 Spaneum 1, 7 siffan he gefor ofer fa mone- 15
gan feoda, of he com to Alpis faem muntum, 7 faer eac ofei
abraec, feh him mon oftraedlice mid gefeohtum wifstode, 7
fone weg geworhte ofer munt Iof. Swa fonne he to faem
<yndrigum stane com, fonne bet he hiene mid fyre onhaetan,
7 siffan mid mattucun heawan; 7 mid faem maestan geswince 20
fa muntas oferfor. His heres [wees] an m fefena 7 xx M
gehorsedra.
pa he haefde on faem emnete gefaren of he com to Ticenan
faere le, fa com him faer ongean Scipio se consul, 7 faer fre-
cenlice gewundod wearf , 7 eac ofslagen waere, gif his sunu 35
1 Ispaneum C.
$6 Alfred's orosius.
his ne gehulpe, mid f>sem })3et he hiene foran forstod, 6\) he
on fleame fealh. pser wear}? Romana micel wael geslagen.
Hiora j?aet sefterre gefeoht wses aet Trefia f>sere fe, 7 eft wseron
Romane forslsegen 7 gefiiemed. pa j^set Sempronius hierde,
30 heora oj^er consul, se wses on Sicilium mid firde gefaren, he
J>onan afor, 7 begen }>a consulas waeron mid firde angean
Hannibal, 7 heora gemetting wses eft set Trefia fsere ie, 7
eac Romane gefiiemed, 7 swifor forslagen, 7 Hannibal
gewundod.
35 JEfter J?sem for Hannibal ofer Bardan fone beorg, J»eh £e
ymb }>one tieman wseren swa micel snawgebland swa psette
segj>er ge j?ara horsa fela forwurdon ge £a elpendas ealle
buton anum, ge J>a men selfe unease J?one ciele genseson.
Ac for Ipxm he genej)de swiJ>ost ofer J>one munt J>e he
40 wiste J>set Flamineus se consul wende J?set he buton sorge
mehte on )?sem wintersetle gewunian \>q he J>a on wses mid
j?sem folce pe he J?a gegaderad hsefde, 7 untweogendlice
wende J^set nan nsere J?sette ]?set fserelt ymbe ]x>ne timan
anginnan dorste of>J>e mehte for ]?aem ungemetlican cile.
45 Mid )3sem J>e Hannibal to J^sem londe becom, swa gewicade
he an anre diegelre stowe, neah J)sem o)?rum folce. 7 sum
his folc sende gind J?set lond to bsernanne 7 to hergenne,
fsette se consul wses wenende J?set eall }?set folc wsere gind
J?set lond tobrsed, 7 J>iderweard farende wses, 7 pencende J?set
5° he hie on psere hergunge beswice, 7 J?set folc buton truman
laedde, swa he wiste J^set Jxet of>er wses, of) J?set Hannibal him
com J>wyres on mid J>sem fultume J>e he setgsedere hsefde, 7
fone consul ofslog, 7 ]?ses ofres folces xxv m, 7 vi gefengon 1
.
7 Hannibales folces wses twa m ofslagen.
55 ^Efter fsern Scipia se consul, J>aes o]?res Scipian brofor,
wses monega gefeoht donde on Ispanium, 7 Magonem Pena
latteow gefeng.
1 over erasure in L. ; gefangen C.
XVII. HANNIBAL. 57
7 moncga wundor gewurdon on faere tide. ^Erest waes
faet seo sunne waes swclce heo waere eall gelytladu. Ofer
waes faet mon geseah swelce seo sunne 7 se mona fuhte : fas 60
wundor gewurdon on Arpis faem londe. 7 on Sardinium
mon geseah twegen sceldas blode swaetan. 7 Falisci faet folc
hie gesawon swelce se hefon waere tohliden. 7 Athium faet
folc him gefuhte, fa hie heora corn ripon, 7 heora cawelas
afylled haefdon, J>set ealle fa ear waeron blodege. 65
JEfter faem fe Romeburg getimbred waes v hunde wintrum
7 feowertegum, fa fa Lucius Amilius 7 Paulus Publius 7
Turrentius Varra, fa hie waeron consulas, hie geforan mid
firde angean Hannibal. Ac he hie mi4 faem ilcan wrence
beswac fe he aet heora aerran gemetingge dyde, 7 eac mid 70
faem niwan fe hie aer ne [cufan] 1
, faet waes, fset he on
faestre stowe let sum his folc, 7 mid sumum for angean fa
consulas; 7 rafe faes fe hie tosomne comon, he fleah wif
fara fe faer beaeftan waeron, 7 him fa consulas waeron aefter-
fylgende, 7 faet folc sleande, 7 wendon faet hie on faem daege 75
sceoldon habban fone maestan sige. Ac rafe faes fe Han-
nibal to his fultume com, he gefliemde ealle fa consulas, 7 on
Romanum swa micel wael geslog swa heora naefre naes ne aer
ne siffan aet anum gefeohte, faet waes feower 7 feowertig m,
7 fara consula twegen ofslog, 7 fone friddan gefeng; 7 fa 80
on daeg he mehte cuman to ealra Romana anwealde, faer he
forf gefore to faere byrg. JEfter faem Hannibal sende ham
to Cartaina frio mydd gyldenra hringa his sige to tacne. Be
faem hringum mon mehte witan hwaet Romana dugufe
gefeallen waes, for fon fe hit waes feaw mid him on faem 85
dagum faet nan ofer ne moste gyldenne hring werian, buton
he aefeles cynnes waere.
^Efter faem gefeohte waeron Romane swa swife forfohte,
faette Celius Metellus, fe fa heora consul wae*, ge ealle heora
.co5o,..Z.
UNI
58 Alfred's orosius.
9° senatus, haefdon gepoht paet hie sceoldon Romeburg forlaetan,
ge furpum ealle Italiam. 7 hie paet swa gelaesten, gif him
Scipia ne gestirde, se waes para cempena ieldest, mid paem
paet he his sweorde gebraed, 7 swor J?set him leofre waere paet
he hiene selfne acwealde ponne he forlete his faeder oepel; 7
95 saede eac paet he para aelces ehtend wolde beon, swa [swa]
his feondes, pe paes wordes waere paet from Romebyrg pohte.
7 he hie ealle mid paem geniedde paet hie apas sworan paet hie
ealle aetgaedere wolden, oppe on heora earde licggean, oppe on
heora earde libban.
ioo JEfter paem hie gesetton tictator, f>aet he sceolde bion hierra
ofer pa consulas, se waes haten Decius Iunius ; he naes buton
seofontienewintre. 7 Scipian hie gesetton to consule. 7
ealle fa men pe hie on peowdome haefdon hie gefreodon, on
paet gerad paet he him apas sworan paet hie him aet paem
i°5 gewinnum gelaesten. Ond sume, pa pe heora [hlafordas] s
freogean noldon, oppe hie ne anhagade paet hie mehten,
ponne guidon hie pa consulas mid hiera gemaenan feo, 7sippan freodon. 7 ealle fa pe fordemede waeron aer paem,
oppe hie selfe forworht haefdon, hie hit eall forgeafon wip
1 10 faem pe hie him aet paem gewinnum fuleoden. para monna
waes siex m, fa hie gegaderad waeron.
7 ealle Italiam geswicon Romanum, 7 to Hannibale ge-
cirdon, for pon pe hie waeron orwene hwaeper sefre Romane
to heora anwealde becomen. pa gefor Hannibal on Bene-
115 fente, 7 hie him ongean coman, 7 him to gecirdon.
• JEfter paem Romane haefdon gegaderad feower legian
heora folces, 7 sendon Lucius Postumius pone consul on pa
Gallie pe mon nu Longbeardan 2 haet, 7 paer ofslagen wearp,
7 paes folces fela mid him. iEfter paem Romane gesetton
120 Claudius Marcellus to consule, se waes aer Scipian gefera.
He for deamenga mid gewealdene fultume on pone ende
1 Wanting in both.2 Langbeardas C.
XVII. HANNIBAL. 59
Hannibales folces fe he self on wees, 7 fela fees folces ofslog,
7 hiene selfe gefliemde. pa hsefde Marcellus Romanum cuf
gedon fset mon Hannibal geflieman mehte, feh fe hie ser
tweode hwsefer hiene mon mid senige monfultume geflieman 125
mehte.
Gemong fsem gewinnum fa twegen Scipian, fe fa wseron
consulas 7 eac gebrofor, hie wseron on Ispanium mid firde,
7 gefuhton wij) Hasterbale, Hannibales fsedran, 7 hiene
ofslogon, 7 his folces xxx m sume ofslogon sume gefengon. 130
Se wses eac Pena ofer cyning.
iEfter fsem Centenus Penula se consul bsed fsette senatus
him fultum sealdon, fset he mehte Hannibal mid gefeohte
gesecan ; 7 fser ofslagen wear]?, 7 eahta fusend his folces.
^Efter fsem Sempronius Craccus se consul for eft mid fierde 135
angean Hannibal, 7 gefliemed wear)?, 7 his heres wses micel
wael geslagen.
Hu magon nu Romane, cwsef Orosius, to sofe gesecgean
fset hie fa hsefden beteran tida fonne hie nu hsebben, fa hie
swa monega gewin hsefdon emdenes underfongen? 1 wses on 140
Ispania; ofer on Macedonia ; 111 on Capadotia ; 1111 set ham
wif Hannibal : 7 hie eac oftost gefliemde wurdon 7 gebism-
rade. Ac fset wses swife sweotol fset hie fa wseron beteran
fegnas fonne hie nu sien, fset hie feh fses gewinnes geswican
noldon ; ac hie oft gebidon on lytlum stafole 7 on unwenli- 145
cum, fset hie fa set nihstan haefdon ealra fara anwald fe ser
neh heora hsefdon.
^Efter fsem fe Romeburg getimbred wses v hunde wint-
rum 7 xliii, faette Marcellus Claudius se consul for mid
sciphere on Sicilie, 7 begeat Siracuses, heora fa welegestan 150
burg, feh he hie set fsem serran fserelte begietan ne mehte,
fa he hie beseten hsefde, for Archimefes crsefte, sumes
Sicilia fegnes.
On fsem teofan geare fses fe Hannibal won on Italie, he
60 Alfred's orosius.
155 for of Campaina paem londe op prio mila to Romebyrg, 7
aet paere ie gewicade pe mon Annianes haett, eallum Romanum
to paem maestan ege, swa hit mon on para waepnedmonna
gebaerum ongitan mehte, hu hie afyrhtede waeron 7 agaelwede,
pa pa wifmen urnon mid stanum wip para wealla, 7 cwaedon
^opaet hie pa burg werian wolden, gif pa waepnedmen ne
dorsten. paes on mergen Hannibal gefor to paere byrig,
7 beforan paem geate his folc getrymede pe mon haett
Collina. Ac pa consulas noldon hie selfe swa earge gepen-
can swa hie pa wifmen aer forcwaedon, paet hi hie binnan
1 65 paere byrg werian ne dorsten, ac hie hi butan paem geate
angean Hannibal trymedon. Ac pa hie togaedere woldon,
pa com swa ungemetlic ren, paet hcora nan ne mehte nanes
waepnes gewealdan, 7 for paem toforan. pa se ren ablon,
hie foran eft togaedere, 7 eft wearp oper swelc ren, paet hie
170 eft toforan. pa angeat Hannibal, 7 him self saede, peh pe
he wilniende waere 7 wenende Romana anwealdes, paet hit
God ne gepafode.
Gesecgap me nu Romane, cwaep Orosius, hwonne past
gewurde oppe hwara, aer paem cristendome, [paet] ' oppe ge,
1 75 oppe opere aet aenegum godum mehten rdn abiddan, swa
mon sippan mehte, sippan se cristendom waes, 7 nugiet
magon monege gode aet urum Haelendum Criste, ponne him
pearf bip. Hit waes peh swipe sweotol paet se ilea Crist,
se pe hie eft to cristendome onwende, paet se him pone ren
180 to gescildnisse onsende, peh hi paes wyrpe naeron, to pon
paet hie selfe, 7 eac monege opere purh [h]ie, to paem
cristendome 7 to paem sopan geleafan become.
On paem dagum pe pis gewearp, waeron twegen consulas
ofslagen on Ispania, pa waeron gebropor, 7 waeron begen
185 Scipian hatene ; hie waeron beswicene from Haslerbale,
Pena cyninge. On paere tide Cuintus Fulvius se consul
1 Wanting in both.
XVII. HANNIBAL. 6
1
geegsade ealle fa ieldestan men pe on Campaina waeron,
faet hie hi selfe mid atre acwealdon. 7 ealle J>a ieldestan
men pe waeron on Capu faere byrg he ofslog, for J>on pe he
wende faet hie wolden Hannibale on fultume beon, feh pa. 190
senatus him haefden J>a daed faeste forboden.
pa Romane geacsedan faet fa consulas on Ispanium
ofslagen waeron, fa ne mehton pa, senatus naenne consul
under him findan pe dorste on Ispanie mid firde gefaran,
buton fara consula ofres sunu, Scipia waes haten, se waes 195
cniht. Se waes georne biddende faet him mon fultum sealde,
faet he moste on Ispanie firde gelaedan, 7 he faet faerelt
swifost for faem pur[h]teah, pe he fohte paet he his faeder 7 his
faederan gewraece, feh pe he hit faeste wif fa senatus haele.
Ac Romane waeron faes faereltes swa geornfulle, feh pe hie 200
swife gebrocode waeren on hiora licgendan feo pe hie
gemaene haefdon, for faem gewinnum pe hie fa haefdon on
feower healfa, faet hie eall him gesealdon faet hie fa haefdon
on faem faerelte to fultume, buton faet aelc wifmon haefde ane
yndsan goldes, 7 an pund seolfres, 7 aelc waepnedmon aenne 205
hring, 7 ane hoppan.
pa Scipia haefde gefaren to faere niwan byrig Cartaina,
pe mon nu Cordofa haett, he besaett Magonem, Hannibales
brofor; 7 for fon pe he on fa burgleode on ungearwe
becom, he hie on lytlan firste mid hungre on his geweald 210
geniedde, faet him se cyning self on hand eode; 7 he ealle fa
ofre sume ofslog, sume geband, 7 fone cyning gebundenne
to Rome sende, 7 monege mid him fara ieldestena witena.
Binnan faere byrig waes micel licggende feoh funden.
Sum hit Scipia to Rome sende, sum he hit het faem folc 215
daelan.
On faere tide for [Levfnus] s se consul of Maecedonia on
Sicilie mid sciphere, 7 faer geeode Agrigentum fa burg, 71 Leuius L.
62 Alfred's orosius.
gefeng Hannonam heora latteow. [7] sippan him eodon on
220 hand feowertig burga, 7 xxvi he geeode mid gefeohte. Onpaere tide Hannibal ofslog Gneus Fulvius Ipone consul on
Italium, 7 eahta m mid him. JEfter paem Hannibal feaht
wip Marcellus pone consul prie dagas. py forman daege
pa folc feollon on aegpere healfe gelice. py sefterran
225 daege Hannibal hoefde sige. py priddan daege haefde se
consul. JEfter paem Favius Maximus se consul for mid
sciphere to Tarentan paere byrg, swa Hannibal nyste, 7 pa
burg on niht abraec, swa pa nyston pe paerinne waeron, 7
Hannibales latteow ofslog Cartalon, 7 xxx m mid him.
230 paes on paem sefterran geare Hannibal bestael on Marcellus
Claudius pone consul, paer he on firde saett, 7 hiene ofslog,
7 his folc mid him. On paem dagum Scipia geflemde
Hasterbal on Ispanium, Hannibales operne bro}>or. 7 paes
folces him eode on hand eahtatig burga. Swa la]? wass
235 Pena folc Scipian pa he hie gefliemed haefde, swa, peh pe he
hie sume wid feo gesealde, paet he paet weorp nolde agan paet
him mon wip sealde, ac he hit oprum monnum sealde. On paem
ilcan geare beswac eft Hannibal twegen consulas, Marcellus
7 Cirspinus, 7 hie ofslog.
240 pa Claudius Nerone 7 Marcolia Salinatore waeron con-
sulas, Hasterbal, Hannibales bro}>or, for mid firde of
Ispanium on Italie Hannibale to fultume. pa geacsedon pa
consulas paet aer, aer Hannibal, 7 him ongean comon, swa
he x pa muntas oferfaren haefde, 7 paer haefdon longsum
24,5 gefeoht, aer para folca aper fluge. paet waes swipost on paem
gelong paet Hasterbal swa late fleah for pon pe he elpendas
mid him haefde. 7 Romane haefdon sige. paer waes Haster-
bal ofslagen, 7 liii m his heres, 7 v m gefangen. pa heton
pa consulas Hasterbale paet heafod of aceorfan, 7 aweorpan
250 hit beforan Hannibales wicstowe. pa Hannibale cup waes
1 swa he swa L.
X VII. HA NXIBA L. 63
Jxet his bro]?or ofslagen wees 7 ]?aes folces swa fela mid him,
]?a wear]? him aerest ege from Romanum, 7 gef6r on Bruti
J?aet lond. pa haefde Hannibal 7 Romanc an gear stilnesse
him betweonum, for ]?on }>e ]?a folc butu on feferadle mid
ungemete swulton. On J?aere stilnesse Scipia geeode eallc 255
Ispanie. 7 si]?]?an com to Rome, 7 Romanum to raede
gelaerde J?cet hie mid scipum foren on Hannibales land,
pa sendon Romane hiene past he ]?aes faereltes consul waere,
7 rape J?aes ]?e he on Pene com, him com ongen Hanno se
cyning unwaerlice, 7 ]?aer ofslagen wear]?. On faere tide 260
Hannibal gefeaht wif> Sempronius J?one consul on Italiam,
7 hiene bedraf into Romebyrig.
JEfter J?cem Pene foran ongean Scipian mid eallum hiera
fultume, 7 wicstowa namon on twam stowum, neah Jjsere byrg
j>e mon Utica haet. On oJ?erre waeron Pene, on o]?erre 265
Numepe, ]?e him on fultume wceron, 7 gef?oht haefdon past hie
J?aer sceoldon wintersetl habban. Ac si]?]?an Scipia geascade
]?aet ]?a foreweardas waeron feor ]?aem faestenne gesette, 7 eac
j?ast ]?aer nane o]?re near naeran, he ]?a diegellice gelaedde his
fird betuh }?aem weardum, 7 feawe men to o]?rum J?ara fsestenna 270
onsende, to fon ]?aet hie his aenne ende onbaerndon, f>aet
si]?]?an maest ealle ]?e J?serbinnan waeron, waeron wi]? J?aes
fyres weard, to ]?on ]?aet hie hit acwencean ]?ohton. He ]?a
Scipia gemong ]?aem hie maest ealle ofslog. pa ]?aet ]?a o]?re
onfundon ]?e on ]?aem oJ>rum faestenne waeron, hie waeron 275
flocmaelum Jrlderweard ]?aem o]?rum to fultume, 7 hie Scipia
waes ealle J>a niht sleande, swa hie ]?onne comon, of> daeg, 7
si]?]?an he hie slog ofer ealne J?one daeg fleonde. 7 hiera
twegen cyningas, Hasterbal 7 Sifax, oj?flugon to Cartaina
]?aere byrg, 7 gegaderodon ]?one fultum ]?e hie ]?a haefdon, 7 280
ongean Scipian comon, 7 eft wurdon gefliemde into Car-
taina. Sume opflugon to Cretan ]?aem iglande. 7 him
Scipia sende sciphere aefter, ]?aet mon sume ofslog, sume
64 Alfred's orosius.
gefeng. 7 Sifax wear]? gefangen, hiera ofer cyning, 7
285 siffan waes to Rome on racentan sended.
On faem gefeohtum waeron Pene swa forhiende f aet hie
na siffan hie wif Romane to nohte ne bemaetan; 7 sendon
on Italie aefter Hannibale, 7 baedon faet he him to fultume
come. 7 he him wepende [faere bene] getygfade, for fon
290 fe [he] sceolde Italiam forlaetan, on faem freoteofon geare
faes fe he aer on com. 7 he ealle ofslog fe of faem landum
his men waeron, 7 mid him ofer sae nolden. pa he ham-
weard seglde, fa het he aenne mon stigan on fone maest, 7locian hwaefer he faet land gecneowe faet hie tovveard
295 waeron. pa saede he him faet he gesawe ane tobrocene
byrgenne, swelce hiera feaw waes faet mon ricum monnum
bufan eorfan of stanum worhte. pa waes Hannibale aefter
hiera haefeniscum [gewunan] xfaet 7wyrde swife laf , 7 him
unfanc saede faes 7wyrdes. 7 ealne fone here he het mid
300 faem scipum fonan wendan fe he aer to gefoht haefde, 7 up
comon aet Leptan faem tune, 7 hraedlice for to Cartaina, 7
biddende waes faet he moste wif Scipian sprecan, 7 wil-
niende waes faet he frif betwux faem folcum findan sceolde.
Ac [hie]2 hiera sundorspraece, fe hie betux faem foleum
305 togaedereweard gespraecan, to unsibbe brohton, 7 hie to
gefeohte geredon. 7 rafe faes fe hie togaedere comon,
Hannibales folc wear]) gefliemed, 7 xx m ofslagen 7 d, 7
lxxx elpenda, 7 Hannibal o])fleah feowera sum to Aframe-
tum J)aem fsestenne. pa sendon J)a burgleode of Cartaina
310 aefter Hannibale, 7 cwaedon ])aet him soelest waere ])aet hie
frifes to Romanum wilnaden. pa fa Gaius Cornelius 7
Lentulus Publius waeron consulas, wearf Cartainum frif
aliefed from Scipian mid fara senata willan, on f aet gerad
faet fa igland Sicilia 7 Sarfinia hierden to Romanum, 7 f aet
315 hie him aelce geare gesealden swa fela talentena seolfres swa
1 gewunnan L.2 he Z ; hy C.
XVIII. THE ROMANS IN SPAIN. 65
hie him ]?onne aliefden. 7 Scipia het d hira scipa upateon
7 forbaernan; 7 si]?]?an to Rome hamweard for. pa him
mon Jxme triumphan ongean brohte, )?a eode ]?ser mid
Terrentius, se maera Cartaina sc6p, 7 bser hset on his heafde;
for j?on Romane hsefdon ]?a niwlice gesett ]?set f»a pe haet 3 20
beran moston, Jxmne hie hwelc folc oferwunnen hsefdon, J^aet
pa moston aegj>er habban ge feorh ge freod6m.
XVIII.
THE ROMANS IN SPAIN,
(p. 216.)
On j?aem dagum waes an hirde on Ispanium, se wses
Veriatus haten, 7 waes micel ]?eofmon, 7 on faere stalunge he
wear]? reafere. 7 on ]?aem reaflace he him geteah to micelne
monfultum, 7 monege tunas oferhergeade. JSfter J?aem his
weorod weox to }?on swi)?e ]?set he monega land forhergeade. 5
7 Romanum wearp micel ege from him; 7 Vecilius Jxme
consul ongean hiene mid firde sendon; 7 he ]?ser gefliemed
wear]?, 7 his folces se maesta dael ofslagen. Mi o]?rum cirre
}?ider for Gaius [Folucius] se consul, 7 eac gefliemed wearf>.
^Et }?riddan cirre ]?ider for Claudius se con[sul]; 7 fohte 10
]?set he Romana bismer gewrecan 1 sceolde, ac he hit on ]?sem
faerelte geiecte swf}?or, 7 unea]?e self com aweg.
Mhtr )?sem Veriatus gemette mid f>rim hunde monna
Romana an 11 on anum wuda. pser wses Veriatuses folces
ofslagen lxx, 7 Romana ccc, 7 ]?a o)?re gefliemde 2. On 15
}?sem fleame wear]? an Veriatuses }?egn (?aem o]?rum to longe
sefterfylgende, o)? mon his hors under him ofsceat. pa
1 gebetan C.2 geflymede wurdon C.
¥
66 Alfred's orosius.
woldon J?a of>re ealle hiene aenne ofslean, o)?)?e gebindan.
pa slog he anes monnes hors mid his sweorde )?aet him wand
20 j?aet heafod of. Si]?]?an waes eallum J?aem o)?ium swa micel
ege from him ]?aet hi hiene leng gretan ne dorstan.
iEfter ]?aem Apius Claudius se consul gefeaht wi]? Gaelle,
7 )?aer gefliemed wear]?; 7 raf>e ]?aes eft fird geloedde wi]? hie,
7 sige haefde, 7 hiera ofslog vi m. pa he hamweard waes,
25 ]?a baed he ]?aet mon dyde beforan him )?one triumphan.
Ac him Romane untreowlice his forwierndon, 7 hit under
)?aet ladedon for )?on pe he aer aet ]?aem ojjrura cirre sige
naefde.
JEfter J?aem wear]? 1 swa micel moncwealm on Rome ]?aet
30 ]?aer nan utancymen mon cuman ne dorste, 7 monega land
binnan )?aere byrig waeron butan aelcum ierfwearde. Hie
witon peah )?aet )?aet ilce yfel ofereode butan geblote, swa ]?a
monegan aer dydan pe hie wendon }?aet hie mid hiera deo-
folgildum gestiered haefden. Butan tweo[n], gif hie ]?a blotan
35 mehten, hie woldon secgean ]?aet him hiera [godas] gehulpan.
Ac hit waes Godes gifu ]?aet ealle fa laegon }?e hit don
sceoldon, of) hit self ofereode.
JEfter )?aem Favius se consul for mid firde ongean Veria-
tus, 7 gefliemed wear]?. Se ilea consul gedyde eallum
40 Romanum pa. bismerlecestan daed, )?a he aspon of Seniumdc monna to him his gejxjftena, 7 ]?a hie him to coman, he
het him eallum J?a honda of aceorfan. JEfter )?aem Pompeius
se consul for on Numentinas, Ispania )?eode, 7 gefliemed
wear)?. Ymb xiiii gear J?aes pe Veriatus wi)? Romane win-
45 nan ongan, he wear)? from his agnum monnum ofslagen
;
7 swa oft swa hiene Romane mid gefeohte gesohton, he hie
simle gefliemde. paer dydon Q?eah] Romane lytla trie\vj?a
)?aet him )?a waeron la)?e 7 unweorfe )?e hiera hlaford
beswican, )?eh )?e hie him leana to ]?aere daede wenden.
1 wses C
XVIII. THE ROMANS IN SPAIN. 6
J
Ic sceal eac niede fara monegena gewinna geswigian fe 50
on [Jam] eastlondum gewurdon. His me sceal afreotan for
Romana gewinnum. On faere tide Mitridatis, Partha cyning,
geeode Babyloniam, 7 ealle fa land fe betwux faem twaem
eaum waeron, Induse 7 Ifasfe, fa waeron aer1 on Romana
anwalde. 7 siffan he gebraedde his rice east of India 55
gemaero. 7 Demetrias, Asia cyning, hiene tuwa mid firde
gesohte. iEt ofrum cirre he wearf gefliemed, aet ofrum
gefangen. He waes on Romana onwalde, for fon fe hie
hiene faer gesetton.
JEfter faem Mantius se consul for on Numentine, Ispania 60
folc, 7 faer waes winnende of he genom frif \vif ]paet folc,
7 hiene siffan aweg bestael. pa he ham com, fa heton
hiene Romane gebindan, 7 gebringean beforan Numentia
faestennes geate. pa nawfer ne hine fa eft ham laedan ne
dorston fe hiene fider laeddon, ne his fa onfon noldon fe 65
hiene mon to brohte, ac swife hreowlice swa gebend he on
anre stowe beforan faem geate waes wuniende, of he his
lif forlet.
On faem dagum Brutus se consul ofslog Ispania folces lx
m, fa waeron Lusitaniam on fultume. 7 rafe faes he for eft 70
on Lusitanie, 7 hiera ofslog l h, 7 vi m gefeng. On faem
dagum for Lapidus se consul on fa nearran Ispanie, 7
gefliemed wearf , 7 his folces waes ofslagen vi m. 7 fa f
e
faer aweg comon, hie offlugon mid faem maestan bismre.
Hwaefer Romane hit witen nu aenegum men to secganne, 75
hwaet hiera folces on Ispanium 6n feawum gearum forwurde?
ponne hie from gesaelgum tidum gilpaf, fonne waeron fa
him selfum fa ungesaelgestan.
pa fa Servius Fulvius 7 Flaccus Quintus waeron consulas,
wearf on Rome an cild geboren, f aet haefde 1111 fet, 7 1111 So
handa, 7 mi eagan, 7 1111 earan. On faem geare asprong up
1 ser waeron xr L.
F 2
68 Alfred's orosius.
iEjma fyr [on Sicilium], 7 mare J>aes landes forbaernde f>onne
hit aefre ser dyde.
Mher J>aem J?e Romeburg getimbred waes dc wintrum 78 5 xx, j?a ]?a Mantius gedyde J>one yfelan fri)? on Numan-
tium —swa hit Romane selfe saedon ]?aet under hiera anwalde
nan bismerlecre daed ne gewurde, buton on faern gefeohte aet
Caudenes Furculus—)?a sendon Romane Scipian on Numan-
tie mid firde. Hie sindon on j?aem norfnvestende Ispania;
90 7 heo hie selfe aer J^aem mid feower m aweredon xmi winter
wif) Romana xl m, 7 oftost sige haefdon. pa besaet Scipia
hie healf gear on hiera faestenne, 7 hie to J>on gebrocode J>aet
him leofre waes paet hie hie seolfe forneJ?don )?onne hie J>a
iermjx) leng J?ro\voden. pa Scipia 2 onget }>aet hie swelces
95 modes waeron, £a het he sum his folc feohtan on J?aet faesten,
j>set hie mid J>aem ]?aet folc ut aloccoden. pa waeron J>a
burgware to ]x>n faegene 7 to Ipon blij^e J>aet hie feohtan
moston, 7 gemong J?aem gefean hie hie selfe mid ealoJ>
oferdrencton, 7 ut irnende waeron aet twaem geatum. On100 j?aere byrig waes aerest ealogeweorc ongunnen, for Ipon J?e hie
win naefdon. On J?aem swicdome wear]? Numantia [duguj>] 3
gefeallen. 7 se dael J>e ])aer to lafe wear)? forbaerdon ealle Ipa.
burg, for ]xm £>e hie ne u£>on )?aet hiera fiend to hiera
ealdgestreonum fengon; 7 aefter paem hie hie selfe on J»aem
105 fyre forspildon.
pa Scipia hiene hamweard wende of J?aem lande, Ipa. comhim to an eald raon, se waes Numentisc. pa fraegn Scipia
hiene an hwy hit gelang waere J?aet Numentiae swa ra£>e
ahnescaden, swa hearde swa hie longe waeron. pa saede
1 to he him J>aet hie waeren [hearde], J>a hwile }>e hie hira
anraednesse geheoldon him betvveonum, 7 anfealdnesse
;
7 sona swa hie him betweonum ungeraednesse upahofon, swa
1 Numaantium L., Numan iam C.2 se Scipio C.
3 dugud L.
XIX. JULIUS CMSAR. 69
forwurdon hie ealle. pa wear)? Scipian !J?aet zwyrde swij>e
andrysne, 7 ealle Romana weotan for J?sem zwyrde mid
wordum swij?e geegsade 2,}>a he ham c6m, for pon J>e hie J>a 115
haefdon ungeraednesse him betweonum.
XIX.
JULIUS CAESAR IN BRITAIN.
(P- 238.)
^Efter J?3em }?e Romeburg getimbred waes vi hunde wintra
7 lxvii, Romane gesealdon Gaiuse Iuliuse seofon legan 3,to
)?on ]x£t he sceolde fif winter winnan on Gallie.
iEfter J>aem J?e he hie oferwunnen haefde, he f6r on Bre-
tanie ]?set iglond, 7 wif> £>a Brettas gefeaht, 7 gefliemed wear]? 5
on fsem londe J>e mon haet Centlond. Ra)?e paes he gefeaht
[eft] wi)3 ]?a Brettas on Centlonde, 7 hie wurdon gefliemede 4.
Heora f>ridde gefeoht waes neah )?aere ie £>e mon haet Temes,
neh J?asm forda j>e mon haet Welengaford. iEfter faern ge-
feohte him eode on hond se cyning 7 fa burgware Ipe waeron x
on Cirenceastre, 7 si^an ealle J?e on paem iglonde waeron.
XX.
ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA.
(p. 244.)
Si]?J>an him geteah Antonius to gewealdon ealle Asiam.
1J>am Scipian C.
2~j eallum Romanum witum for Jam and\v)Tde ~) for fam wordum hi
wnrdon swi])e mid geegesode C.3 legion C. * afiymede C.
jo Alfred's orosivs.
iEfter paem he forlet Octavianuses swostor, 7 him selfum
onbead gewin 7 openne feondscipe. 7 he him het to wife
gefeccan Cleopatron pa cvvene, pa haefde Iulius 3er, 7 hiere
5 for paem haefde geseald ealle Egypti. Rape paes Octavianus
gelaedde fird wip Antonius, 7 hiene rape gefliemde paes pe hie
togaedere comon. paes ymb in niht hie gefuhton [ut] on sae.
Octavianus haefde xxx scipa 7 cc para miclena priereprena,
on paem waeron farende eahta legian. 7 Antonius hsefde
10 eahtatig scipa, on paem waeron farende x legian, for pon swa
micle swa he laes haefde, swa micle hie waeron beteran 7maran, for pon hie waeron swa geworht paet hie mon ne
mehte mid monnum oferhlaestan, J>aet hie nseren x fota hea
bufan wsetere. poet gefeoht wear}) swipe maere, J>eh pe
15 Octavianus sige haefde. paer waes Octavianuses folces of-
slagen xn m; 7 Cleopatra his cwen wear]? gefliemed, swa hie
togaedere coman, mid hiere here. ^Efter paem Octavianus
gefeaht wip Antonius 7 wip Cleopatron, 7 hie gefliemde.
paet [waes] on paere tide calendas Agustus, 7 on paem daege
20 pe we hatap ' hlafmaesse.' Sippan waes Octavianus ' Agustus
'
haten, for pon pe he on paere tide sige haefde.
iEfter paem Antonius 7 Cleopatro haefdon gegaderod
sciphere on paem Readan Sae. Ac fa him mon saede paet
Octavianus piderweard waes, pa gecierde eall paet folc to
25 Octavianuse, 7 hie selfe opflugon to anum tune lytle werode.
Hio pa Cleopatra het adelfan hiere byrgenne, 7 paeroninnan
eode. pa heo paeron gelegen waes, pa het hio niman ipnalis
pa naedran, 7 don to hiere earme, paet hio hie abite ; for port
pe hiere puhte J»set hit on paem lime unsarast waere, for pon
30 pe paere naedran gecynd is paet aelc uht paes pe hio abitt scael
his lif on slaepe geendian. 7 hio J>aet for paem dyde pe hio
nolde faet hie mon drife beforan paem triumphan wip Romeweard. pa Antonius geseah paet hio hie to deape gerede,
fa ofsticade he hiene selfne, 7 bebead paet hiene mon on pa
XX. ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
ilcan byrgenne to hiere swa somcucre alcgde. pa Octavianus 35
]?ider com, ]?a het he niman o)?res cynnes naedran, vissillus is
haten, sio maeg ateon aslces cynnes ator ut of men, gif hio
mon tidlice to bring]?. Ac hiowses gefaren aer he ]?idercome.
Si]?J?on Octavianus begeat Alexandriam, Egypta heafedburg,
7 mid hiere gestreone he gewelgade Romeburg swa swi]?e 40
)?aet mon aelcne ceap mehte be twiefealdan bet geceapian
]?onne mon aer mehte.
XXI.
NERO.
(p. 260.)
jEfter ]?aem ]?e Romeburg getimbred waes vm hunde wintra
7 ix, feng Nero to Romana onwalde, 7 hiene haefde xim gear.
He haefde giet ]?e ma un]?eawa ]?onne his earn haefde aer Gaius.
Toeacan ]?aem monigfealdum bismrum ]?e he donde waes, he
het aet sumum cierre onbsernan Romeburg; 7 bebead his 5
agnum monnum J?set hie simle gegripen ]?aes licgendan feos
<wa hie maest mehten, 7 to him brohten, ]?onne hit mon ut
o]?brude; 7 gestod him self on ]?aem hiehstan torre ]?e )?aerbin-
nan waes, 7 ongon wyrcan scopleo}? be ]?aem bryne. Se waes
vi dagas biernende 7 vn niht. Ac he wraec his ungewealdes i<
aerest on ]?aere byrig hiora misdaeda, 7 sij?]?an on him selfum,
)?a he hiene ofstong, ]?aet hie Petrus 7 Paulus gemartredon.
He waes monna aerest ehtend cristenra monna. iEfter his
fielle wear]? ]?ara casera maeg]? ofFeallen.
72 ALFREDS OROSIUS.
XXII.
JULIAN.(p. 286.)
7 Iulianus feng to paem onwalde, 7 hiene haefde an gear
7 eahta monap. pa waes he sona geornfull paet he wolde die-
gellice pone cristendom onwendan, 7 forbead openlice paet
mon nane faeste boc ne leornode, 7 saede eac paet nan cristen
5 mon ne moste habban naenne his [underfolgepa] \ 7 hie mid
paem pohte beswican. Ac ealle hie waeron paes wordes, swa
we hit [eft] secgan hierdon, cwaep Orosius, paet him leofre
waes se cristendom to beganne ponne his scira to habbanne.
Miter paem he gegaderade fierd, 7 wolde faran on Perse, 7
10 bebead, ponne he eft waere eastane hamweard, paet mon
haefde anfiteatrum geworht set Hierusalem, paet he mehte
Godes peowas on don, paet hie dior paerinne abite. Ac God
gewraec on paem faerelte swipe gedafenlice on paem arleasan
men his arlease gepoht, mid paem paet hiene gemette an mon,
15 pa he for from Actesifonte paere byrig, gelicost paem pe he
fliema waere, 7 him saede paet he hiene mehte laedan purh paet
westen, paet he on Perse on ungearwe become. Ac pa he
hiene tomiddes paes westennes haefde gelaedd, pa geswac he
him, paet nan mon nyste paes faereltes hwaer he com, ac foran
aohwaerfigiende 2 geond paet westen, paet he nyste hwaer he ut
sceolde, op paes folces waes fela forworden, aegper ge for
purste ge for haete. pa com him ongean an uncup mon, 7
ofstong Iulianus.
1 sunderfolge)>a Z. a hwearfiende C.
NOTES.
I. Line 2. swa swa, as far as, which. Cp. Beow. 1223 swa wide
swa see bebuge}, and Beow. 93 eorJ>an worhte, swa water bebuge}.
1. 12. Wendelsee, Mediterranean, lit. ' sea of the Vandals.'
I. 27. Scotland, Ireland.
II. 1. 20. beorhtte = beorgihte, mountainous.
III. 1. 2. swa we, hit fyrmest witon, to the best of our know-
ledge. Cf. ^lfric's Horn. 164. 22 swa he fyrmest mag, 'as far as he
can,' ' to the best of his ability.'
1. 9. Cwensee, White Sea.
1. 14. Bsegware, Bavarians.
1. 19. Sillende, Seeland.
Lai. Wineda, Wends.
1. 37. Ostsse, Baltic.
VI. 1. 44. Scene, Shannon.
1. 49. is norpeastlang, extends in a north-east direction.
1. 55. peer gasp near on setl, sets nearer to it.
IX. 1. 28. maegenes, partitive gen.
X. 1. 11. pysne nyttan crseft, this effective stratagem. The Latin
has ' hanc utilem magis quam nobilem victoriam.'
1. 21. Vavius, Fabius.
1. 25. buton selcre ware, without opposition, is an addition of
Alfred^.
1. 37. Hu pyncp eow nu, etc. The whole of this paragraph is an
addition of Alfred's.
1. 51. hie pses naman bename pset hie nan folc neeren. The
Latin has ' ipsum quoque Romae nomen persequentes.'
1. 64. Ne wene ic, etc. The Latin has :' Et quoniam uber dicendi
materia est, quae nequaquam hoc concludi libro potest, hie praesentis
voluminis finis sit, ut in subsequentibus cetera prosequamur.'
XL The original has : Sequitur hanc luem satis triste prodigium.
Repente siquidem medio Urbis terra dissiluit. Manebat diu patenti
voragine inpudens specus, nefariamque vivi hominis sepulturam diis
interpretibus expetebat. Satisfecit improbis faucibus praecipitio sui
Marcus Curtius, eques armatus, injecitque crudeli terrae inopinatam
satietatem.'
74 NOTES.
XIII. 1. 14. On paem anwalde wseron Somnite swabealde peet. .
.
The Latin has ' in tantum abusus est victoriae securitate.'
1. 37. deadlicne sige. The Latin has ' bellum . . commissummagnas strages utriusque populi dedit.'
1. 39. psem anwalde pe hie on asgpere healfe hsefdon. TheLatin has ' gloria proximae victoriae.'
1. 43. waes swelees domes beled. The Latin has ' adeo tunc apud
Romanos strenuissimus habebatur.'
XIV. 1. 7. licgende feoh, literally, 'lifeless property,' hence 'money,'
as opposed to civic feoh 'living property,' "cattle,' which last was the
original meaning of the word feoh, as still shown by the German Vieh.
The Latin has ' auro Persarum corruptus.'
1. 15. Nilirice, Illyrians.
1. 76. Genoh sweotollice, etc. The Latin has: ' Ita certus Alexander
fuit, nobisque prodidit, diis ipsis mutis et surdis, in potestate esse
artistitis quid velit fingere.'
1. 84. anwealdes. The gen. here seems due to the analogy of the
gen. governed by verbs of boasting, etc., such %s> gielpan.
1. 132. scinlae. The Latin has ' rabies.'
1. 136. Cutulusan, Attalus.
1. 173. swipe seems here to preserve the original meaning of ' strongly.'
1. 1S3. for pon he, etc. The Latin has : 'Et cum jam ae[s]tate detriti,
viribus lassi, difficile vicissent, castra, ob memoriam plus solito mag-
nifica, condiderunt.'
1. 186. peem mupan, pe seo ea waes hatenu Eginense. The use of
the relative^ is peculiar: 'the mouth, where—to which belongs—the
river E.' The Latin has: 'Exin Alexander ad amnem Acesinem pergit.
Per hunc in Oceanum devehitur.'
1. 192. pset dreogende, carrying on the fight. The Latin has ' diu
anceps pugna.'
1. 238. geleornedon him betweonum, conspired. The original
meaning appears to be ' learn together,' hence ' contrive,' ' conspire.'
Cp. Oros. 158. 4, where it is said of the Romans that they hafdon
geleornad ma crcefta hu hiepa elpendas bes7vica?i mehton, ' had learnt (or
devised) more plans how to circumvent the elephants,' the Latin having
' elephanti in fugam cogi posse deprehensi.' The Latin of our present
passage is ' Alexander . . . cum . . . ministri insidiis venenum potasset,
interiit,'
1. 241, Eala, etc. The whole of this paragraph is so free a paraphrase
of the original that it reproduces hardly a single word of it :' O dura
mens hominum, et cor semper inhumanum ! Hispanus et Morinus ad
supplicandum Alexandrum Babyloniam adiit, cruentumque ultro domi-
num, ne hostem exciperet, per Assyriam Indiamque quaesivit : terrarum
metas lustrans et utrique infeliciter notus Oceano, et tamen tarn violentae
NOTES. 7-
necessitatis memoria vel oblivione defecit vel viluit vetustate. Et qos
perpetuae recordation! haesurum putamus, quod plurima orbis parte
secura, unnm angulum fugax latro violavit; quasi vero Gothorum et
Suevorum pacem, tit non die.-mi versa vice Indus vel Assyrius, sed
etiam vel ipse, qui hostem patitur, Hispanus oraverit.'
XV. 1. 9. rianra treowpa ne wendon, buton . . As this passage-
is an insertion of Alfred's own, it is difficult to determine exactly in
what sense treow])a is to be taken here;probably in that of ' hopes,'
* prospects,'— ' they had no prospect to look forward to but . ..'
XVI. 1. 17. to maerpe, for a spectacle, nncrfo usually means 'fame';
this passage preserves an older sense.
XVII. 1. 18. munt Iof, the Alps, literally 'the mountains of Jove.'
1. 27. on fleame fealh, escaped by flight. The original meaning of
feolan is ' hide.'
1. 145. stapole, standing-place, basis of operations. This clause has
nothing to correspond in the original.
1. 199. pen pe he hit fseste wip pa senatus haele. This passage
has no equivalent in the original, and it is difficult to see why Alfred
inserted it.
XVIII. 1. 17. hor's. The Latin has 'ipsius equitis caput.'
XIX. 1. 9. Welangaford, Wallingford.
XX. 1. 1. gewealdon. Probably an error for gewieldon.
1. 21. for pon pe, etc. This passage is not in the original.
1. 36. visillus. This passage is a curious mistranslation of the
Latin :' psyllos . . . qui venena serpentum e vulneribus hominum haustu
revocare atque exsugere solent.'
GLOSSARY
A-biddan, sv. get by asking, ob-
tain.
a-drincan, sv. be drowned.sefen-gifl, sn. supper.
©ren, adj. brazen.
8§st = eerest, av. first.
,4ri?®ttran, wv. poison.
ai-wielme, sm. source.
a-gselan, wb. hinder.
a-gselwan, wv. terrify.
a-loccian, wv. entice.
an-bid, sn. waiting.
andrysne, andriesne, adj. terrible.
an-fealdnes. sf. simplicity.
ange, av. anxiously. ' wses hima.', he was anxious, [enge].
an-hagian, wv. impers. suit.
a-spanan, sv. entice, attract.
e-p^nian, wv. spread out.
a-preotan, sv. impers. w. gen.
tire.
a-werian, wv. defend.
Beam, sm. beam.be-creopan, sv. creep.
be-habban, wv. surround, include.
be-hlidan, sv. close.
be-hyldan, wv. skin.
be-ladian, wv. excuse, clear (char-
acter).
be-lecgan, wv. lay on, credit with,
attribute.
be-licgan, sv. surround.
be-metan, sv. estimate, account.
beorgan, sv. w. dat. protect, save.
be-sincan, sv. sink.
be-pridian, wv. circumvent.
be-wyrcan, wv. cover.
^blegan, wv. bend, subject.
bleap, aj. effeminate.
^blot, sn. sacrifice.
bred, sn. board, tablet,
byge, sm. bend.
C.
Cawel, sm. basket.
ceap, sm. price, bargain,
^ceapian, wv. make a bargain,
buy and sell,
cot, sn. small house, cottage,
^vcwed-rseden, gecwidrseden, sf.
agreement.
Dead-wylle, adj. barren,
dearnenga, av. secretly.
£<?dafenlice, adv. fitly,
dfmm, sm. injury.
dry, sm. wizard.
E.
Ealo-geweorc, sn. brewing,
ear, sn. ear of corn,
^•zfgesian, wv. terrify.
elpend, sm. elephant,
fl-peod, sf. exile.
eU-peodig, sn. exile.
emd.erj.es, av. at once,
emnet, s. plain,
emnllce, adv. equally, together,
emn-scolere, sm. schoolfellow,
eorp-beofung, sf. earthquake.
Fsedra, sm. paternal uncle,
feereld, feerelt, sn. journey, expe
dition.
fefer-adl, sf. fever.
fepa, sm. foot-soldier ; infantry.
fepe, s. locomotion, power of
movement.
78 GLOSSARY.
fepe-here, sm. infantry.
fierra, fyrra, cotnpar. of feorr.
ge&lde, sn. plain.
firmettan, wv. ask, request.
firr, adv. further [comp. ofieoxx).
fleot, sn. sea.
flieraa, sm. fugitive, deserter.
for-brecan, sv. break, violate.
for-cwepan, sv. speak ill of.
fore-weard, sm. outpost.
for-Menan, wv. humiliate, defeat.
forian, wv. break.
for-lor, sn. loss, destruction.
for-nepan. wv. expose to danger,
sacrifice.
for-standan, sv. w. ace. stand be-
fore, defend.
for-sugian, wv. pass over in si-
lence.
for-p§nean, wv. despise.
frum-slalp. sm. first sleep.
fulgan, sv. w. dot. help.
G.
Gafol-gielda, sm. tributary,
gara, sm. corner, angle [gar].
gar-secg, sm. ocean,
geomrian, wv. lament.
gnornung, sf. murmuring.god-gield, sn. idol, heathen god.
Haett, sm. hat.
heaf, sm. lamentation.
heafod-stol, sm. capital.
healf-cucu, adj. half alive, half
dead.
hearg, herg, sm. altar ; temple.
hefenisc, adj. of heaven.hlaf-maesse, sf Lammas.^hlot, sn. lot.
a-rmfscian, wv. become effemin-
ate.
hoi, sn. hole.
hoppe, sf. an ornament.^-fhorsod, adj. mounted.hwara, adv. where.
hwearfian, wv. wander.
Ierf-weard, sm. heir,
ierming, sm. wretch [earm].
Lad-teow, sm. leader,
land-gemierce, sn. boundary[mearc].
langian, wv impcrs. long,
^leafsum, aj. believing.
legie, sf. legion,
^diefedlice, av. trustfully,
^long, adj.—on pxm gelong, dueto, caused by.
lust-bierlic, adj. pleasant.
lutian, wv. hide, lurk.
lyperlic, adj. bad, sordid.
M.
Meed, sf. meadow.mawan, sv. mow.magister, sm. master, teacher.
mattuc, sm. mattock.gemetting, sf. meeting, conflict.
miss-spowan, sv. impers. fail, gowrong,
mon-cwealm, sm. mortality.
^rmong, prp. w. dat. among.murcian, wv. grumble, complain.mydd, sn. bushel.
N.
Neping. sf. adventuring, risking.
niedling, sm. slave.
nirewett, sn. narrow place, defile.
O.
Ofer-brecan, sv. transgress, vio-
late.
ofer-climman, sv. climb over.
ofer-fyrru, oferfierru, sf excessive
distance [feorr]-
ofer-heortnes, sf vehemence.ofer-hlasstan, wv. overload.
of-feallan, sv. fall off, end.
of-stician, wv. stab.
oft-rsedlic, adj. frequent.
on-beodan, sv. offer.
GLOSSARY.
on-emn, prp. w. dat. during.
onemn J rem, at the same time,
cm-seon, sv. w. gen. see, take
notice of.
^vor-trlewan, wv. despair.
op-bregdan, sv. snatch away,
rescue
op-fleon. sv. w dat. escape,
op-hydan, wv. w. dat. hide from.
£trrad, sn.—on pret gerad pset, oncondition of.
riede-here, sm cavalry,
un-^vrsednes, sf. discord,
^zrenian, %vv. arrange—gerenian
to bismere, humiliate, degrade.
ribb, sn. rib.
S.
Seeata, sm. angle, corner.
be-sceotan, sv. shoot, dart.
scin-lac, sn. sorcery.
seip-fierd, sf. naval expedition.
scir, sf. authority, appointment.
scop-leop, sn. poem.scyll, sciell. sf. shell.
scytta, sm. shooter, archer.
le-sengan, wv. singe, burn.
setl, sn. seat ; siege.
sican, sv. sigh.
simbel-farende, adj. ever-wander-
ing.
sin-pyrstertde, adj. w. gen. ever-
thirsting.
snaw-gebland, sn. snow-storm.
snyttro, sf. wisdom, cleverness.
scm-eucu, adj. half-alive, half-
dead.
stalung, sf. thieving.
staniht, adj. stony.
o-^swicaii, sv. w. dat. desert, secede
from.
syl, sf. pillar, column.
tyml = symbel.
syndrig, aj. especial, peculiar.
T.
^ftawian, wv. treat—getawian to
bismre, treat ignominiously.
tldlice, adv. in time, seasonal)1
v.
to-brSdan, wv. spn ad, scatter.
to-hlldan, sv. split, open.
to-licgan, sv. lie apart, berated.
to-nemnan, wv. distinguish byname.
torr, sm. tower.
to-sittan, sv. be separated,
to-stician, wv. pierce,
^triewan, wv. trust [treow].
trog, sm. trough, canoe,
trurna, sm. troop,
twy-wyrdig, adj. ambiguous[word].
getygpi&n, getipian, wv. w. dat.
offers, and gen. of thing grant.
P-
pane, sm. thought, thank, an
bance, acceptable, pleasant.
pegnscipe, sm. bravery.
piece, adj. thick.
tpofta, sm. companion.
prie-repre, adj. three-oared.
pryscyte, prisclete, adj. triangukir
[sceat].
pwyres, bweores, av. obliquely.
Un-arimedlic, adj. innumerable,
under-folgep, sm. subordinate
office,
undern-gereord, sm. supper,
undern-mete, sm. supper,
under-peow, sm. subject,
un-gepwabrnes, sf. disturbance,
discord,
un-gewiss, sn. uncertainty,
un-weorp, adj. contemptible,
utan-cymen, utancumen, adj.
foreign.
W.Wael, sn. men killed in battle, in
a collective sense.
wanian, wv. bewail,
weallan, sv. flow, up weallan,
rise (of river).
8o GLOSSARY.
weall-gebrec, sn. wall-breaking,
making a breach.
weax, sn. wax.
werian, wv. wear (clothes, etc.).
^fwielde, adj. subject, conquered.
wierpe, sm. throw, shot.
winter-setl, sn. winter-quarters.
wiper-flita, sm. adversary.
wiper-winna, sm. adversary.
wip-habban, wv. w. dat. op-
pose.
wip-saean, sv. w. dat. deny ; for-
sake, desert,
wrseccea, see wrecca.
wrecca, sm. exile,
orwyrd, sf. destiny.
Yflian, wv. injure,
ymb-habban, wv. surround,
ymb-licgan, sv. surround,
yndse, sf. ounce [Latin uncia].
THE END.
s.
RETURN MAIN CIRCULATIONTO—-
GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY
BoomifbMa
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY