Focus Area 22Physical Activity and

FitnessProgress Review

April 14, 2004

Physical Activity and Fitness Benefits

• Builds and maintains healthy bones and muscles, controls weight, builds lean muscle, reduces fat, reduces blood pressure, and improves blood glucose control

• Decreases the risk of obesity and chronic diseases (CHD, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer, and osteoporosis)

• Reduces feelings of depression and anxiety and promotes psychological well-being

• Related to functional independence of older adults and quality of life of people of all ages

2,391,399 Total Deaths

400,000 due to Poor Dietand Physical Inactivity (17%)

1,159,000 Preventable (48%)

Source: Anderson, RN. Deaths: Leading Causes for 2000. NVSR 50(16). Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2002; Mokdad, AH, et.al. Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 291(10): 1238-1245. March 10, 2004.

Estimated Preventable Deaths, 2000

22-1. No leisure time physical activity22-2. Moderate regular physical activity22-3. Vigorous physical activity22-4. Muscular strength and endurance22-5. Flexibility

Physical Activity among Adults

Physical Activity and Fitness Objectives

22-13. Worksite physical activity and fitness programs22-14. Community walking a. Adults b. Children and adolescents22-15. Community bicycling a. Adults b. Children and adolescents

Worksites and Communities

22-9. Participation in daily school PE22-10. Physical activity in PE class22-11. Television viewing22-12. Access to school physical activity facilities

Improving Getting worse Little or no change Cannot assess (limited data)

22-6. Moderate physical activity22-7. Vigorous physical activity22-8. Physical education requirement in schools a. Middle/junior high schools b. Senior high schools

Physical Activity among Adolescents

22-1. No leisure-time physical activity in adults

22-2. Moderate, regular physical activity in

adults

22-3. Vigorous physical activity in adults

22-7. Vigorous physical activity in adolescents

Highlighted Objectives

Data Issues/Gaps

Complex measurement methodology

Time / intensity

Recall period / accuracy

Question order

“Leisure” / “work” / “incidental”

Self-report / measured

Measurement bias

No standard methodology

Data for children

How often do you do VIGOROUS activities for AT LEAST 10 MINUTES that cause HEAVY sweating or LARGE increases in breathing or heart rate?

How often do you do LIGHT OR MODERATE activities for AT LEAST 10 MINUTES that cause ONLY LIGHT sweating or a SLIGHT TO MODERATE increase in breathing or heart rate?

The next questions are about physical activities(exercise, sports, physically active hobbies...) thatyou may do in your LEISURE time.

NHIS Questions forObjectives 22-1, 22-2, and 22-3

Physical Activity among Adults

1997 2002

Note: Data are for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Moderate physical activity is regular leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity 30+ minutes/5+ times a week or vigorous activity 20+ minutes/3+ times a week). Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

Objs. 22-1, 2

Some

Moderate/ Vigorous

NoneSome

Moderate/Vigorous

None

0

Age-adjusted percent

2010Target

4020 80

1997

2002

Obj. 22-1

No Physical Activity for Adults by Sex and Age

Note: Data are for no leisure-time physical activity only; for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. I = 95% confidence interval.Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

60

Total

25-44 years

Female

75 years and over

Male

18-24 years

45-64 years

65-74 years

0

10

20

30

40

50

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

Age-adjusted percent

2010 Target

0

Age-adjusted percent

2010Target

4020

1999

2002

80

Obj. 22-1

No Physical Activity for Adults by Race/Ethnicity

Note: Data are for no leisure-time physical activity only; for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. American Indian includes Alaska Native. Black and white exclude persons of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. I = 95% confidence interval.Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Black

60

0

20

40

60

80

Obj. 22-1

Note: Data are for no leisure-time physical activity only; for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. I = 95% confidence interval. *Arthritis data are for 2001 due to a change in the 2002 questionnaire.Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

With

Age-adjusted percent 2010 Target

No Physical Activity for Adults by Disability and Arthritis Status

WithoutDisabilities

With WithoutArthritis

1997 2002*

BRFSS question for objective 22-1

During the past month, other than your regular job, did you participate in any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise?

No Physical Activity for Adults by State, 2003

Note: Data are for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population, for no leisure-time physical activity.Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, NCCDPHP, CDC.

15.0 - 20.0

20.5 - 22.4

23.0 - 26.2

26.4 - 30.2

Age-adjusted percent

(Quartiles)

Obj. 22-1

0Age-adjusted percent

2010Target

30 4010 20

1997

2002

50

Obj. 22-2

Note: Data are for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Moderate physical activity is regular leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity 30+ minutes/5+ times a week or vigorous activity 20+ minutes/3+ times a week). I = 95% confidence interval.Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

Moderate Physical Activity for Adults by Sex and Age

Total

25-44 years

Female

75 years and over

Male

18-24 years

45-64 years

65-74 years

0

10

20

30

40

50

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

Age-adjusted percent

2010 Target

0Age-adjusted percent

2010Target

30 4010 20

1999

2002

50

Obj. 22-2

Moderate Physical Activity for Adults by Race/Ethnicity

Note: Data are for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Moderate physical activity is regular leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity 30+ minutes/5+ times a week or vigorous activity 20+ minutes/3+ times a week). American Indian includes Alaska Native. Black and white exclude persons of Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be any race. I = 95% confidence interval.Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Black

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obj. 22-2

Note: Data are for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Moderate physical activity is regular leisure-time physical activity (moderate activity 30+ minutes/5+ times a week or vigorous activity 20+ minutes/3+ times a week). I = 95% confidence interval. *Arthritis data are for 2001 due to a change in the 2002 questionnaire.Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

With

Age-adjusted percent

2010 Target

Moderate Physical Activity for Adults by Disability and Arthritis Status

WithoutDisabilities

With WithoutArthritis

1997 2002*

0Age-adjusted percent

2010Target

30 4010 20 50

1997

2002

Obj. 22-3

Vigorous Physical Activity for Adults by Sex and Age

Note: Data are for ages 18 years and over, age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Vigorous physical activity is leisure-time vigorous physical activity 20+ minutes/3+ times a week. I = 95% confidence interval.Source: National Health Interview Survey, NCHS, CDC.

Total

25-44 years

Female

75 years and over

Male

18-24 years

45-64 years

65-74 years

0

10

20

30

40

50

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

0

10

20

30

40

50Age-adjusted percent

2010 Target

YRBSS question for objective 22-7

On how many of the past 7 days did you exercise or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe hard, such as basketball, soccer, running, swimming laps, fast bicycling, fast dancing, or similar aerobic activities?

0

Note: Black and white exclude persons of Hispanic origin. Hispanic can be any race. Vigorous physical activity is activity that made students in grades 9-12 sweat or breathe hard for 20+ minutes on 3+ of the past 7 days. I = 95% confidence interval.Source: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, NCCDPHP, CDC.

Percent

2010Target

Vigorous Physical Activity for Adolescents by Sex and Race/Ethnicity

4020

Total

White

Female

Hispanic

Male

Black

1999

2001

60 80 100

Obj. 22-7

0

20

40

60

80

100

Vigorous Physical Activity for Adolescents by Grade Level:

2001

11th10th

Obj. 22-7

9th

Percent

12th

Note: Vigorous physical activity is activity that made students in grades 9-12 sweat or breathe hard for 20+ minutes on 3+ of the past 7 days. I = 95% confidence interval.Source: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, NCCDPHP, CDC.

NHANES Physical Activity/Fitness Data

Questionnaire includes usual daily activity and leisure time activity for ages 12+

Examination data include muscle strength/physical function and cardiovascular fitness for healthy persons 12-49 years

Physical Activity Monitor

In field since January 2003

Automatically records locomotion movement, duration, and intensity over time

About 4000 sample persons 6+ years annually

Worn on a belt for 7 full days

Will be linked to interview and other health component data (body weight, functional status, bone status, etc.)

Take-away Points

Little change in physical activity measures in past decade

Methodology is complex and varies in different surveys

New technologies may offer improved measurement

Progress review data and slides

can be found on the web at:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hphome.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hphome.htm