f3 chapter 3

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Chapter 3 : Excretion3.1 Human Excretion Human excretion Excretory organs and excretory products The importance of excretion3.2 The Urinary Systems in Humans The human urinary system Structure of the kidney Function of the kidney Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys Living with kidney failure 3.3 Excretion in Plants Excretion in plants

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3.1 Human Excretion3.1 Human Excretion Excretion is a process which organisms

undergo to eliminating toxic substances from the body to remain healthy

The urinary system eliminates wastes from the blood and controls blood concentration by removing excess water produced by body cells via respiration

The three excretory organs of a human are skin, lungs and kidneys


3.1 Human Excretion

Skin Method of excretion : Produces sweat

Excretory materials : Water, urea and mineral salts

Excretory organs and excretory products

Hair Sweatpore

Sweatduct

Sweatgland

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3.1 Human Excretion

Lungs Method of excretion : Releases water vapour

Excretory materials : Water and carbon dioxide

TracheaLungs

Bronchus

BronchioleAlveolus

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3.1 Human Excretion

Kidneys Method of excretion : Produces urine

Excretory materials : Water, urea and salts

Vena cavaAorta

Left kidneyRight kidney


3.1 Human Excretion

To maintain health To regulate blood concentration To regulate body temperature

The importance of excretion


3.2 The Human Urinary SystemThe human urinary system

Excretory organ thatremoves wastes from the blood into the urine

KidneyTube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Ureter

Temporary storage for the urine before removal

Bladder

Tube that carries urine from the bladder for removal

Urethra


3.2 The Urinary System in Humans

Structure of the kidney Kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system Human kidneys are bean-shaped and are reddish

brown

Renal artery

CapsuleCortex

PelvisRenalarteryRenalvein

Medulla

Ureter

Knot of bloodcapillaries

Tubule

Collectingduct

Impured bloodCleaned blood

Renal vein

Ureter


3.2 The Urinary System in HumansFunctions of the kidney

To filter blood and remove urea, excess mineral salts and water to form urine

Keep the water and mineral contents of our body in balance

Control the amount of mineral salts in the body fluid

To maintain the pH of blood and tissue fluid



Importance of maintaining healthy kidneys To avoid kidney diseases and kidney failure Ways to maintain healthy kidney’s * Drinking plenty of water * Avoid taking food and medicine that harm the kidneys * Limiting salt and protein intake * Taking urine and blood tests



Living with kidney failure Two ways to treat kidney failure: * Dialysis (a) Carried out with the use of a machine (b) Blood is withdrawn from an artery in the arm or leg and is circulated through the machine before being returned to the same vein * Kidney transplant


3.3 Excretion in Plants Plants excrete water, mineral salts, oxygen,

carbon dioxide and other nitrogenous wastes Plants excrete their waste products by simple

diffusion through the cell wall and through the stomata

Mineral salts are remove mainly through crystal formation in the plant

Nitrogenous wastes in plants are normally removed as complex substances. These substances are removed when plants shed their flowers, leaves or bark


The End

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Bab 3 : PerkumuhanBab 3 : Perkumuhan3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan manusia Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan Kepentingan perkumuhan 3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia Sistem urinari manusia Struktur ginjal Fungsi ginjal Kepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Perkumuhan dalam tumbuhan

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia Perkumuhan adalah proses menyingkirkan

bahan toksik daripada badan untuk mengekalkan kesihatan sebarang organisma

Sistem urinari menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah dan mengawal kepekatan darah dengan menyingkirkan lebihan air yang terhasil oleh sel badan melalui respirasi

Tiga organ perkumuhan manusia ialah kulit, peparu dan ginjal

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Kulit Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan peluh

Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam mineral

Organ perkumuhan dan hasil perkumuhan

Rambut Liangpeluh

Salurpeluh

Kelenjarpeluh

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Peparu Kaedah perkumuhan : Membebaskan wap air

Bahan kumuh : Air dan karbon

dioksida

TrakeaPeparu

Bronkus

BronkiolAlveolus

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia 3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Ginjal Kaedah perkumuhan : Menghasilkan air kencing

Bahan kumuh : Air, urea dan garam

Vena kavaAorta

Ginjal kiriGinjalkanan

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3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia3.1 Perkumuhan Manusia

Mengekalkan kesihatan Mengawal kepekatan darah Mengawal suhu badan

Kepentingan perkumuhan

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia

Sistem urinari manusia

Organ perkumuhan yang menyingkirkan bahan buangan daripada darah ke dalam air kencing

GinjalTiub yang membawa air kencing daripada ginjal ke pundi kencing

Ureter

Simpanan sementara bagi air kencing sebelum disingkirkan

Pundi kencing

Tiub yang membawa air kencing daripada pundi kencing untuk disingkirkan

Uretra

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam ManusiaStruktur ginjal

Ginjal adalah organ utama sistem urinari Ginjal manusia berbentuk kacang dang merah

keperangan

Arteri ginjal

KapsulKortex

PelvisArteri ginjalVenaginjal

Medulla

Ureter

Knot kapilaridarah

Tubul

Salurpengumpul

Darah tidak tulenDarah bersih

Vena ginjal

Ureter

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia

Fungsi ginjal Menapis darah dan menyingkir urea, garam mineral

berlebihan dan air yang membentuk air kencing Memastikan air dan mineral dalam badan kita

seimbang Mengawal jumlah garam mineral dalam aliran

badan Mengekalkan pH darah dan aliran tisu

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam ManusiaKepentingan mengekalkan ginjal yang sihat

Mengelakkan penyakit ginjal dan kegagalan ginjal Cara mengekalkan kesihatan ginjal * Minum banyak air putih * Mengelakkan pengambilan makanan dan ubatan yang berbahaya kepada ginjal * Mengehadkan pengambilan garam dan protein * Mengambil ujian darah dan air kencing

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3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia3.2 Sistem Urinari dalam Manusia

Hidup dengan kegagalan ginjal Dua cara merawat kegagalan ginjal : * Dialisis (a) Mengeluarkan dengan menggunakan mesin (b) Darah dikeluarkan daripada arteri di lengan atau kaki dan diedarkan melalui mesin sebelum dikembalikan ke vena yang sama * Pemindahan ginjal

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3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan3.3 Perkumuhan dalam Tumbuhan Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan air, garam mineral,

oksigen, karbon dioksida dan buangan bernitrogen yang lain

Tumbuhan mengkumuhkan bahan buangannya dengan cara pembauran ringkas melalui dinding sel dan stoma

Garam mineral disingkirkan melalaui pembentukan hablur dalam tumbuhan

Bahan bernitrogen dalam tumbuhan biasanya disingkirkan sebagai bahan komples,. Bahan-bahan ini disingkirkan apabila tumbuhan menggugurkan bunganya, daun atau kulit kayunya

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f3 chapter 3

Science