faasteam welcome stress, fatigue and the duty day corporate and executive flight operations
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WelcomeWelcome Stress, Fatigue and the Duty DayStress, Fatigue and the Duty DayCorporate and Executive Flight OperationsCorporate and Executive Flight Operations
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WelcomeWelcome Presenter: Dr. Karen DunbarPresenter: Dr. Karen Dunbar
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Some DefinitionsSome Definitions
StressStress
FatigueFatigue
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Physiological Systems Physiological Systems
Sleep LossSleep Loss
Sleep Changes with AgeSleep Changes with Age
Individual FactorsIndividual Factors
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Physiological Systems Physiological Systems
Circadian RhythmsCircadian Rhythms
Maximum alertness Maximum alertness 9 – 11 am / 9 – 9 – 11 am / 9 – 11 pm11 pm
Minimum alertness Minimum alertness 3 – 5 am /3 – 5 am / 3 – 5 3 – 5 pm pm
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Crew Factors in Flight Operations XIII:Crew Factors in Flight Operations XIII:
A Survey of Fatigue Factors A Survey of Fatigue Factors
in in
CorporateCorporate /Executive Aviation Operations /Executive Aviation Operations
((NASANASA Technical Memorandum 2000-209610) Technical Memorandum 2000-209610)
Authors:Authors:
Rosekind, M. R., Co, E. L., Gregory, K. B., Miller, D. L. (2000).Rosekind, M. R., Co, E. L., Gregory, K. B., Miller, D. L. (2000).
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2005 Rand Technical 2005 Rand Technical ReportReport
Stress and PerformanceStress and Performance
Jennifer KavanaghJennifer Kavanagh
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Study MethodsStudy Methods
Representative Sample of NBAA Representative Sample of NBAA MembersMembers
10863 surveys sent to 2100 10863 surveys sent to 2100 companiescompanies
1488 completed surveys1488 completed surveys
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ParticipantsParticipants
Sex - 99% maleSex - 99% male
Age - 45.2 yrs. Experience - 14.9 Age - 45.2 yrs. Experience - 14.9 yrs.yrs.
Total flight time – 9750 Total flight time – 9750
Usual Commute – 33 minutesUsual Commute – 33 minutes
Other Employment – 15%Other Employment – 15%
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Off Duty Sleep DataOff Duty Sleep Data
Nights at home between tripsNights at home between trips
Average sleep at homeAverage sleep at home
Problems getting to sleepProblems getting to sleep
Sleep promotersSleep promoters
Sleep interferenceSleep interference
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Flight InformationFlight Information
Days/Flight hours per monthDays/Flight hours per month
DelaysDelays
High/Low Density Operating High/Low Density Operating AreasAreas
Time on Ground Between LegsTime on Ground Between Legs
Types of FlightsTypes of Flights
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Duty Day InformationDuty Day Information
Duty Day Duty Day
Length/Segments/Flight HoursLength/Segments/Flight Hours
““On call” Days/On call” Days/
Actual “Call Out” FrequencyActual “Call Out” Frequency
Duty Time LimitsDuty Time Limits
Duties in Addition to FlyingDuties in Addition to Flying
Duty Report Times in the Month Leading up to the Survey
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0000-0359 0400-0759 0800-1159 1200-1559 1600-1959 2000-2359
Tim
es/m
o.
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Duty Day Length and Duty Day Length and FatigueFatigue
Perception of fatigue as a significant Perception of fatigue as a significant safety safety factorfactor
Self-reported microsleep (nodding off) Self-reported microsleep (nodding off) and and short vs. long duty dayshort vs. long duty day
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FatigueFatigue
SignificanceSignificance
FrequencyFrequency
Interference with dutiesInterference with duties
Flight Department Emphasis on Flight Department Emphasis on FatigueFatigue
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Major Factors on “Most Major Factors on “Most Fatiguing Work Day”Fatiguing Work Day”
Factors contributing to subjects' most fatiguing
work days flying corporate operations
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
No
. o
f R
esp
on
ses
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Reported Effects of Stress Reported Effects of Stress on Pilot Performanceon Pilot Performance
Effects of fatigue on flight performance
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
No
. o
f R
esp
on
ses
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Research Based Research Based ConsiderationsConsiderations
Time on task Time on task
Time since awake Time since awake Task typeTask type
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Research Based Research Based ConsiderationsConsiderations
Duty Period DurationDuty Period Duration
Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors
Location of Task Location of Task
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Fatigue Intensity and Fatigue Intensity and FrequencyFrequency
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Fatigue Mitigation Fatigue Mitigation Strategies Used During Strategies Used During
FlightsFlights
Strategies used by crewmembers to cope with fatigue during flights
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
No.
of r
espo
nses
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Self-Management of StressSelf-Management of StressPhysicalPhysical
SocialSocial
BehavioralBehavioral
CognitiveCognitive
RecuperativeRecuperative
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Changes Recommended by Changes Recommended by
Pilots in the Study to Pilots in the Study to
Reduce FatigueReduce Fatigue
Crewmember recommendations for changes to reduce fatigue in corporate operations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
% r
esp
on
den
ts
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Study LimitationsStudy LimitationsSubjective nature of the dataSubjective nature of the data
Responses depend on perception, memory, Responses depend on perception, memory, and understanding of the questionand understanding of the question
Known inaccuracy in estimates of sleep Known inaccuracy in estimates of sleep latency, duration, awakenings, etc.latency, duration, awakenings, etc.
Retrospective recall Retrospective recall
Sampling limitations – self-selected, Sampling limitations – self-selected, possibly company selected, NBAA member possibly company selected, NBAA member companiescompanies
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Where Does That Leave Pilots?Where Does That Leave Pilots?
Become a master of stress Become a master of stress management when off dutymanagement when off duty
Use FAR/AIM checklist “I’m Use FAR/AIM checklist “I’m Safe” Safe” before the flightbefore the flight
Use mitigation strategies Use mitigation strategies during during the duty daythe duty day
Thank YouThank You
•Thank you for coming this eveningThank you for coming this evening
•Thank you for your participationThank you for your participation
FLY SAFELY !!!FLY SAFELY !!!