fabio germagnoli eucentre pavia, italy lubjana, 25 september 2008

Projects selected under the Call for proposals 2006/C 176: 'Pilot Projects on Civil

Protection cross border co-operation in the fight against natural disasters'

Fabio Germagnoli EUCENTRE Pavia, Italy

Lubjana, 25 September 2008

STEP-Strategies and Tools for Early Post Earthquake Assessment

Short Course on Post-Earthquake Buildings Safety and Damage Assessment

STEP has been selected under the Call for proposals 2006/C 176: 'Pilot Projects on civil protection cross border co-operation in the fight against natural disasters' Explore the possibility to integrate conventional post-

earthquake on field actions (inspection, visual assessment, etc.) with advanced assessment procedures

Create a prototype of evaluators network

Organize events to test the prototype and train assessors group on the use of the network

Improve assessment efficiency specially for applications in critical cases


STEP – Objectives of the project 1. Review of the assessment techniques - Experimental methods for the evaluation of

geometrical characteristics, mechanical properties and structural details (level of knowledge of the structure as defined in EC8 and other European code of practice) and numerical analysis for vulnerability assessment will be considered.

2. Design and construction of a Mobile Unit prototype (MU) – The results of the previous review will orient the design and construction of a Mobile Unit (mobile experimental laboratory) properly equipped to perform experimental tests to improve structural level of knowledge and to perform some analytical estimates of the seismic vulnerability.

3. Design of a Coordination Unit (CU) - A special unit with coordination function will be designed and developed to work with MU(s). Fast and reliable wireless connection (Satellite for example) will be implemented to guide MU(s) on field actions, to exchange useful information (shared and used later with other experts working in remote laboratories;

4. Guidelines for optimized use of CU and MU – The most important use of coordinated Cu and MU(s) is related to emergency periods, but these resources could efficiently be used in pre earthquake phase to increase vulnerability knowledge particularly for those buildings with special function in Civil Protection ambit. Guidelines for coordinated employment both during post earthquake emergency and in pre-shake phase will be developed and provided;

5. Harmonization of cross border actions – The advanced procedures developed in this project will be integrated into traditional Civil Protection approaches based on visual inspections and simplified evaluation with vulnerability checklists. Training courses and in field practical application involving several Civil Defence European Institutions will be prepared with the main scope of increase the new assessment tools knowledge and create common intervention procedures using both traditional and advanced assessment methods.


STEP – Beneficiary and Partners

Benficiary → EUCENTRE (European Center for Training and Research on Earthquake Engineering) – Pavia, Italy

Partner 1 → Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil – Lisbon, Portugal

Partner 2 → FIT Center - Fraunhofer, Germany

Partner 3 → Dipartimento di Protezione Civile – Rome, Italy

Partner 4 → Civil Protection Department of Portugal – Lisbon, Portugal

Partner 5 → Dipartimento di Protezione Civile Friuli Venezia Giulia – Udine, Italy


Expected results Critical review of experimental techniques for damage detection and

vulnerability assessment.

Implementation of a software package for integration of experimental and analytical results and rapid seismic vulnerability assessment.

Development of one Mobile Unit prototype to be used both for pre and post earthquake fast assessment

Development of a Coordination Unit, techniques and protocol for use in emergency conditions

Guidelines and proposal for European standardisation of emergency actions

Training of Civil Protection teams for use of the system in this action

Use of implemented tools both in pre and post emergency to increase the seimic risk knowledge


Status of the art


Task M Deliverable Action leader

A.7 1 Project Handbook EUCENTRE

A.4 3 List of data/information to be hendled by the Central Unit (D) P DPC

A.6 3 Minute of the kick of meeting (D) EUCENTRE

A.5 4State of the practice on post-earthquake damage and safety assessment in

European and worldwide seismically prone countries (D) I DPC

A.6 4 STEP website (SW) EUCENTRE

A.1 6 Guidelines for experimental techniques (D) LNEC

A.1 9 Guidelines for numerical analysis for vulnerability assessment application (D) EUCENTRE

A.3 9 Data transmission requirements between MU and CU (D) Fraunhofer

A.4 10 Central Unit hardware development P DPC

A.5 10Common European methodology and procedure for post-earthquake safety and

damage assessment on a large number of building and infrastructures (D) I DPC

A.2 11 Equipped mobile unit (experimental and numerical laboratory) (P) EUCENTRE

A.5 12 Two days Training Course (International workshop) I DPC

A.6 12 Proceeding of the first year workshop (D) EUCENTRE

A.7 12 Annual Activity Report EUCENTRE

STEP – 1° year Deliverables


STEP – 2° year Deliverables

Task M Deliverale Action Leader

A.2 18 Mobile terminals for data collection connected with wireless technology (P) EUCENTRE

A.4 18 Repository and connection with remote resources for higher feedback on data EUCENTRE

A.4 18 Guidelines for optimized use of the resources P DPC

A.3 20 Report on communication workflow (D) Fraunhofer

A.5 21Proposal of a costitution of a Trained European Task Force for damage

assessment. Propose and activation mechanism EUCENTRE

A.2 22Development of a computer code for aided structural assessment using

experimental results and analysis (SW) EUCENTRE

A.5 24 Repository for collected damage data (Sw) Fraunhofer

A.5 24 User manual in utilizing damage data repository (D) Fraunhofer

A.6 24 Proceeding of the final conference (D) EUCENTRE

A.7 24 Final report EUCENTRE

A.7 x3 Periodic Technical Progress Report EUCENTRE


Amended GANNT


Data transmission between Evaluators on the field (EU), mobile unit equipped for testing and analysis (MU) and the coordination unit (CU)

Coordination Unit (CU)

Mobile Unit (MU)


Coordination unit developed at EUCENTRE

Video Conference Room

Strategic Room

Technical Room


Mobile Unit: developed on a small truck, implements mobile office, mobile laboratory for non destructive tests and advanced fast connections


Fiat Ducato Maxi xl, 3.0td

Interior design: stowage compartment and mobile office


Purposes of the Mobile Unit Transportation of tools and evaluators on site (Vehicle with stowage section

and seats)

Operational support for non destructive and semi destructive (and destructive) experimental tests execution (more than 15 available tests)

Operational support for data acquisition, analysis of signals and F.E. structures (mobile office equipped with laptops, printers, software, etc.)

Mobile stations for data acquisition on the field (equipped tablet PCs)

Local networking wired and wireless (Bluetooth, Wifi) for data transmission and data acquisition capabilities

Web and remote CU connection, data sharing and telepresence (3G/2G/Wimax/Satellite)

Mobile phones (voice connection 3G/2G/Satellite)

Navigation system (GPS antenna and localization/navigation software)

Data acquisition system (based on National Instrument tech.)

Database management of acquired data (Numerical and Multimedia)


Available equipment for analysis and networking

3 lap tops (inside activities), 1 printer 3 tablet pc with GPS antennas (outside activities) 3 severs (management of database, CU connection and wireless

connection with EU) Matlab, Mathcad, Labview, Sap2000, Strauss, OpenSees, SeismoStruct,

3muri, SAM Modem for satellite connection 3 pc card for 3G/2G connection (if available) 2 router wireless 2 wireless access point 2 Dump Batteries (100 Ampere) 2 UPS (1.5 kVA each) 1 hydraulic pump, 140 bar, 29 lit per minute (small mechanical exciter and

jack for shear test) Flat jack test equipment Heating and air conditioning Connection with satellite TV (SKY) Stowage section


Remote operators

Router Firewall

NI acquisition

Wired Network

Wireless network

Multiple Networks resources

Remote control room

Connections management


Available equipment for experimental tests (Wired acquisition)

1. Thermo graphic scanner2. Georadar3. Laser scanner4. High definition digital camera set (8 cameras, 4 MPixel, 150 fps,

subpixeling)5. Pachometer6. Sclerometer7. Laser meter8. Micrometer 9. Endoscopic device10. Sonic device11. Mechanical exciter12. Accelerometer: 20 Kistler (Capacitive), 10 (piezo)13. Inclinometer (10 Jewell)14. Flat jack test equipment (4 jacks for single and double test)15. Geophones (5 Lennartz, triaxial)16. Impulse hammer (impulsive excitation of low mass structures)17. Data acquisition system (16 bit, up to 200 channels, 500 ksample)


19

Wireless sensor networks, use BT technology (developed by EUCENTRE Remote Sensing (RS) department)

A wireless sensor node is a device capable of measuring environmental parameters for wireless transmission: temperature acceleration humidity stress etc…


Lesson learnt regarding the following points:

•Coordination

•Command and Control

•Standard operational procedures/international guidelines

•Interoperability

•Culture /language

•Training/exercise

•Political influences

•Additional essential points


COORDINATION – European Mediterranean Seismic Hazard Map

Italy

Portugal

Friuli Venezia Giulia

Spain

Germany

Greece

Slovenia

Romania

Serbia

Albania

Fyrom

Turkey

Cyprus.


COMMAND AND CONTROL - Assessment Team (EU) working on the Mobile Unit

Composition: Coordinator:

coordination of Evaluator Units (EU) on the field Report to CU and to other labs connected coordinated/integrated actions with Civil Protection, and Local Authorities (Major,

Prefecture)

Communication manager communication with CU and EU Database management Telepresence Database mirroring Data retrieving (internet, remote database, etc.)

N Evaluator Units Number of units employed depending on experts available Existing MU is designed for 3 EU (optimal number) Exercise should be carried out with 3 EU of different Partners or EU Countries

EU composition 1 engineer (expertise on r.c./masonry/steel/wooden structures) 1 technical coworkers for in situ testing

Can cooperate with Civil Protection evaluators or stand alone


INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES

Deliverable 5.1 - State of the practice on post-earthquake damage and

safety assessment in European and worldwide seismically prone countries

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................4 2. Immediate occupancy and damage survey ..................................................................5 3. Basis of methodology .................................................................................................. 10 4. Building safety evaluation in Italy ............................................................................. 15 5. Building safety evaluation in Japan ........................................................................... 16 6. Building safety evaluation in California .................................................................... 17 7. Building safety evaluation in Greece ......................................................................... 18 8. Procedures and forms.................................................................................................19 9. References ................................................................................................................... 23

Many important differences are found on both methodologies and procedure used

These differences arises from a different existing cultural, social and technical

background in the different countries.

In addition procedures and methodology are subjected to frequent since they are not yet really

mature and each earthquake provides additional earthquake provides additional lesson learnt


Deliverable 5.2 – Common European methodology and procedure for post-earthquake

safety and damage assessment on a large number of buildings and infrastructures

STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES


INTEROPERABILITY

Technical point of view: NO problem both in terms of CU an MU

Procedural point of view: explore the possibility to have one european mixed team and several trained country teams using the same methodologies


Culture /language

In every country local authorities are in charge of the safety assessment,

according to the fact that, during the response to disaster situations, the

lowest ranking level of government is always in charge. In case of

destructive earthquakes, when local resources are no more sufficient,

a high level management is activated, up to the State level.

International intervention is not common in safety and damage assessment,

due to differences in building types, forms, language and concepts.


Training/Exercises

4 Days exercise (30 persons) – Bovec(SL) – Sept 24-27 2008

3 Day pre exercise (25 persons) – Ancona (I) – July 27-29 2008

5 Days course (85 persons - Jan) – Pavia (I) - Jun.16-20 2008

2 Days workshop (50 persons) – Rome (I) –Nov. 28-30 2007

Dissemination meeting (T.B.D.)Don

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Done

Done


SHORT COURSE ON: POST-EARTHQUAKE BUILDINGS SAFETY AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

Monday 16 9.00 - 9.30 Introduction and STEP Project presentation (A. Pavese) 9.30 - 10.30 Basics of buildings assessment (A. Goretti) 10.30 - 11.00 Coffee break 11.00 - 12.30 Immediate occupancy, safety inspections, damage survey. Overview of

past experiences in USA, J apan, Turkey, Greece and Italy (A. Goretti) 12.30 - 14.30 Lunch 14.30 - 16.00 Post-earthquake damage assessment of residential buildings: Grade and

extension of observed damage. (A. Goretti) 16.00 - 16.30 Coffee break 16.30 – 18.00 Post-earthquake safety assessment of residential buildings. Reference

earthquake, observed damage and vulnerability. (A. Goretti) Tuesday 17 9.00 – 10.30 Survey procedures in Italy and in other countries. Forms. Posting systems.

(A. Goretti) 10.30 - 11.00 Coffee break 11.00 – 11.30 Damage assessment after the 1999 Kochaeli Earthquake (E. Demirok)

11.30 – 12.30 Data computerisation, validation, maintenance, archiving. (A. Goretti)

12.30 - 14.30 Lunch 14.30 – 16.00 Short term counter measures and risk removal. (A. Goretti) 16.00 - 16.30 Coffee break 16.30 – 18.00 Integration of IT systems in damage assessment (A. Goretti) Wednesday 18 9.00 – 10.30 Damage and safety assessment of special buildings – Hospitals.

Handbook of Hospital, first survey by hospital staff, posting, final survey. (G. Di Pasquale)

10.30 - 11.00 Coffee break 11.00 – 12.30 Virtual exercise on damage assessment (F. Giordano) 12.30 - 14.30 Lunch 14.30 – 16.00 Damage Assessment using experimental tests and structural identification

(A. Pavese) 16.00 - 16.30 Coffee break 16.30 – 18.00 STEP Meeting 20.00 – 2.30 Dinner Thursday 19 9.00 – 10.30 Vulnerability assessment of r.c. structures using experimental data and

simplified models (S. Peloso) 10.30 - 11.00 Coffee break 11.00 – 11.45 Non destructive testing techniques: sonic and radar (G. Bovio) 11.45 – 12.30 Non destructive testing techniques: ultrasonic (G. Cascanti) 12.30 - 14.30 Lunch 14.30 – 16.00 Vulnerability assessment of masonry structures using experimental data

and simplified models (A. Penna) 16.00 - 16.30 Coffee break


Pre-ExercisePre-Exercise using Mobile Unit and Central Unit in Ancona (Italy)July 13-16, 2008, Tools and procedures validation

Earthquake of MD=5.8 occurred on September 27-29, 1997 R.C. and Masonry damage structures available for testing and inspections

Short Course on Post-Earthquake Buildings Safety and Damage AssessmentNext events Exercise with Assessment System, European CP representatives, September 24-27, 2008, Bovec (Slovenia), 30÷50 participants

Close to Italian border Earthquake of MD=5.6 occurred on April 12, 1998 Several damaged structures are available for tests and inspections


POLITICAL INFLUENCES

In Japan the aim of the damage assessment is to evaluate the long term use

of the buildings. The result of the evaluation is a suggestion of the owner of

the building concerning the repair, the retrofit or the demolition. In Italy the

main purpose is to support the usability classification and, at the same time,

to estimate the overall amount of direct economic loss, in order to establish

the need for reconstruction. The decision on long term use of building is

postponed to an engineering evaluation in the reconstruction process.

In Greece damage survey is not performed, because financial contribution

are established on the basis of the usability classification. In Turkey the

damage classification is performed to assign financial contribution to each

Building. (Deliverable 5.2)


ADDITIONAL ESSENTIAL POINTS

FLOW INFORMATION

For immediate application

Reduce the time needed for computerisation through the use of the digital

pens, optical readers, etc.

For the next future

•A prototype of digital data transfer can be developed

•Explore the possibility to upload/download data

•Explore the different possibility in using geographical coordinates


ADDITIONAL ESSENTIAL POINTS

Activation

To be included in the EU CP mechanism

To propose a damage assessment module

To be self-suffifiency

Explore the possibility to have country teams and mixed teams

fabio germagnoli eucentre pavia, italy lubjana, 25 september 2008

Documents

vulnerability assessment

visual assessment

conventional postearthquake

post earthquake emergency

advanced assessment

vulnerability knowledge

earthquake engineering

pre earthquake phase