fabrication and development of chainless bi-cycle · chainless transmission to the bicycle to...

FABRICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF

CHAINLESS BI-CYCLE Dr.Raghavendra Joshi1,Mayur.D.Pawar2, Shahid ali3, Mohammed bilal.k4, Rizwan5,V Muneer Ahmed6

Professor, mechanical engineering department, BITM, Ballari-583104, Karnataka

Assistant professor, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104, Karnataka

UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka




[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract— This project is developed from the users to rotate the back wheel of bi-cycle using propeller shaft. Power

transmission through chain drive is the oldest and widest method in case of bi-cycle . In this paper we implemented the

chainless transmission to the bicycle to overcome the various disadvantages of chain drive. Shaft drive were introduced

over a century ago , but were mostly supplanted by chain driven bi-cycle . Usually in bicycle chain and sprocket is used

to drive the back wheel. The shaft drive only need periodic lubrication using grease gun to keep the gears running quite

and smooth. A shaft driven bi-cycle is a bi-cycle that uses a shaft drive instead of a join which consist two sprockets with

bearings at the both end of shaft connected to pedal crank and rear wheel gear to make a new kind of transmission

system for bi-cycle for getting high reliability system, and more safe system.

Keywords- Pinion gear, Sprocket, Bearings, Pinion gear wheel, Propeller shaft

I. INTRODUCTION

The first shaft drives for cycles appear to have been invented independently in 1890 in the United

States and England. Fearn head, of 354 Caledonian Road, North London developed one in 1890 and

received a patent in October 1891.His prototype shaft was enclosed within a tube running along the top of

the chain stay later models were enclosed within the actual chain stay. In the United States, Walter Still

man filed for a patent on a shaft-driven bicycle on Dec. 10, 1890 which was granted on July 21, 1891A

shaft-driven bicycle is a bicycle that uses a driven shaft instead of a chain to transmit power from pedal to

a rear wheel shaft drives were introduced over century ago. We achieved 99% efficiency, driven utilizes

25 ceramic speed hybrid bearings. Each bearing contains unique ceramic balls that are 58% lighter and 2.3

times harder than traditional steels.

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume VI, Issue VI, JUNE/2019

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By increasing the speed of the bearing by 30-50%.each bearing works in harmony to deliver

greater power, playing. The major benefit of the shaft-driven is lower maintenance and running costs, and

cleanliness. Chain-driven bicycles need their chains adjusting regularly and they can be expensive to

replace when they wear out. they need lubricating often ,especially in bad weather, which can be messy

and inconveniently. Ball and roller bearings are used widely in instruments and machines in order to

minimize friction and power loss. While the concept of the ball bearing dates back at least to Leonardo

daVinci, their design and manufacture has become remarkably sophisticated.

This technology was brought to its present state of perfection only after a long period of research

and development. The benefits of such specialized research can be obtained when it is possible to use a

standardized bearing of the proper size and type.

However, such bearings cannot be used indiscriminately without a careful study of the loads and

operating conditions. In addition, the bearing must be provided with adequate mounting, lubrication.

Components and Description

The main components of the cycles are,

Ordinary Cycle

Bearing

Sprockets

Wheel Gears

Introduction of gear

A gear is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit

torque, in most cases with teeth on the one gear being of identical shape, and often also with that shape

on the other gear. Two or more gears working in a sequence (train) are called a gear train. Such gear

arrangements can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear ratio and thus may be considered a

simple machine. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. The

most common situation is for a gear to mesh with another gear however, a gear can also mesh with a

linear toothed part, called a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation.



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II.EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

THE COMPONENTS OF A SHAFT DRIVEN BICYCLE ARE:

SL.NO NAME OF THE PARTS MATERIALS

1 Cycle Mild Steel

2 Pinion gear Mild Steel

3 Sprocket Mild Steel

4 Shaft Mild Steel

5 Welding Material Mild Steel

III.MATERIAL USED

Fig 1 : mild steel material

Mild steel contains approximately 0.05-0.25% carbon making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has

relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form surface hardness can be increased through

carburizing.We have used mild steel material to make a sprocket and gear due to it good strength, Ductility,

toughness, hardness and its economical.



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3.1 Placing of pedal gear

Fig2: pedal crank

A bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot to propel the bicycle. It

provides the connection between the cyclist's foot or shoe and the crank allowing the leg to turn the

sprocket with bearings which is connected to shaft connected to rear sprocket attached to rear wheel gear

and propel the bicycle's wheels. Pedals usually consist of a spindle that threads into the end of the crank

and a body, on which the foot rests or is attached, that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the

spindle. Part attached to crank that cyclist rotate to provide the bicycle power.

3.2 Bearings:

Fig 3: Ball Bearings (624ZZ)

Bearing is machine element that constrains relative motion to only desire motion and reduce

friction between moving Parts. The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing consists of shaft rotating in

a hole. Lubrication is often used to reduce friction.

In this project we have used Ball bearings which are used to transmit the energy from pedal to rear

gearwheel and to reduce the energy losses and to increase the efficiency.



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3.3 Bearings sprocket with pinion gear wheel:

Fig 4: Fabricated gear and sprockets

These are the sprockets consisting number of bearings on front and rear sprocket,

These sprockets are held on propeller shaft. The bearings are fixed with the Allen bolts of M5 dia

As shown in figure.

3.4 Propeller shaft:

Fig 5: Fabricated propeller shaft

Here the Propeller shaft is used to transmit power from front rear (Driver) wheel to back gear (driven). It

consist of two pinion gear sprocket. A driver pinion gear sprocket has 10 bearings and driven pinion gear

sprocket has 15 bearings.



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IV.DESIGN PARAMETER

Fig 6: Design of mechanism

Calculation :

Number of teeth =34(Z)

Design of gear

Front gear (Driver)

Outer diameter =199.1

Cutter used to make gear is by half ground grooves is ¾’’ inch sprocket cutter

Pitch of gear =18.4mm.

To find number of teeth on the gear to the pitch of 18.4mm

=199.1/18.4*π = 33.99 =34 teeth.

Pitch should be taken from 18 to 19mm, Because of ¾’’ inch cutter used (18.4mm) so that the

pitch have to assume 18.4mm.

Similarly

For 2nd back gear (Driven)

Outer diameter =117.12mm.

Pitch of the gear =18.4mm.

=117.12/18.4*π=19.99 =20 teeth

1st front pinion design

Outer diameter =58.56mm.

Pitch =18.4mm.

= 58.56/18.4*π=9.99 =10 bearings

2nd back pinion design

Outer diameter =87.84

Pitch =18.4mm.

=87.84/18.4*π =14.99 =15 bearings

Pinion set consists of 2 pinion , one driver and another is driven

1st pinion gear consists of 10 teeth

2nd pinion gear consists of 15 teeth

Ratio of the compound gears

Ratio of 1st pinion(driver) and gear(driven)



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Number of teeth of 1st front gear =34

Number of teeth of 1st pinion =10

=3.4/10 =3.4

The ratio of 1st set (i,e gear and pinion)

= 3.4:1

Ratio of 2nd pinion(driver) and gear (driven)

Number of teeth of 2nd pinion = 15

Number of teeth of 2nd gear =20

=15/20 =0.75

The ratio of 2nd set

=0.75:1

Therefore the total ratio of the cycle

= 3.4*0.75 =2.55:1

Which means if we rotate the pedal for 1 round the back tyre (wheel) rotates to 2.55 rounds more

than 0.79 rotation

Example :- the ratio of regular Atlas cycle we got the ratio of 1.76:1

Where

Number of teeth of big sprocket (driver) =44

Number of teeth of small sprocket (driven) =25

=44/25 =1.76

Ratio is 1.76:1

Results :- Hence we increased the ratio from 1.76:1 to 2.55:1 by using this set of gears

V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION



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Fig 7: Fabricated and Developed Chainless Bicycle

RESULTS OF CHAINLESS BICYCLE

MAXIMUM SPEED OF CHAIN DRIVE BICYCLE : 750 RPM

AVERAGE SPEED OF CHAIN DRIVE BICYCLE : 590 RPM

DISTANCE MOVED IN ONE HOUR BICYCLE :12.5 KM/H

Sl. No Description Chain Driven

Bicycle

Shaft Driven

Bicycle

1 Maximum speed 750 rpm 1050 rpm

2 Average speed 590 rpm 700 rpm

3 Distance moved in

one hour

12.5 km/h 16.9 km/h



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The shaft driven bicycle is high durability as compare to chain drive bicycle.

The power transmission efficiency of shaft driven bicycle is above 95% efficiency, and

chain drive bicycle is 75% - 90% efficiency

VI.CONCLUSION

Considerable efforts have been focused on the better understanding of various design development in

bicycle. Various forms of bicycle in the past history through which the existing form has evolved are

discussed. The different empirical methods of transmission of human power on the pedal to the rotation of

the wheels are discussed and the major advantages and disadvantages of these transmission are listen out.

Generally, new mechanisms should be developed such that the design should be eco-friendly and more

energy

The presented work was aimed to reduce the wastage of human power (energy) on bicycle riding

or any machine, which employs drive shafts. In general it is achieved by using light weight drive

shaft with bevel gears on both sides designed on replacing chain transmission.

Instead of chain drive one piece drive shaft for rear wheel drive bicycle have been optimally

designed and manufactured for easily power transmission.

The drive shaft with the objective of minimization of weight of shaft which was subjected to the

constraints such as torque transmission , torsion buckling capacity, stress, strain , etc.

The results obtained from this work is an useful approximation to help in the earlier stages of the

development, saving development time and helping in the decision making process to optimize a

design.

REFERENCES

1. Bell J.H., 1994, Chainless bicycle with dual drive shafts and floating drive train suspension system,

US Patent No. 5316327.

2. Smith S.O. and Fleet W.J.T., 2006, Shaft driven bicycle and transmission therefore, US Patent No.

US 6986520 B2.

3. Hahn T.L., 2004, Simple bicycle drive shaft transmission, US Patent No. US 2004/0083839 A1.

4. Rastogi, N. (2004). Design of composite drive shafts for automotive applications. Visteon

Corporation, SAE technical paper series. 73332270 Design and Analysis of a shaft driven bicycle.



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5. Glenn F. Read “Power Drive” United States Patent Patent Number: 4,397,369 Date of Patent:

Aug. 9, 1983.

6. A.M.Ummuhaani and Dr.P.Sadagopan “Design, Fabrication and Stress Analysis of a Composite

Propeller Shaft, 2011-28-0013.

7. Anup A. Bijagare, P.G. Mehar and V.N. Mujbaile “Design Optimization & Analysis of Drive

Shaft”, Vol. 2 (6), 2012, 210-215.

8. R. P. Kumar Rompicharla1, Dr. K. Rambabu2 Sep-Oct. 2012 Design and Optimization of Drive

Shaft with Composite Materials International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)

9. Patrick E. Turner; Lawrence K. O'Dell. “Bicycle With Seleciably Engageable Single Or Dual

Wheel Drive”. United States Patent. Turner et 81. Patent Number: 5,332,244 Date of Patent: Ju1.

26, 1994



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