facial trauma pdf
TRANSCRIPT
FACIAL TRAUMA, ORAL TRAUMA, READING FACIAL X-RAYSA POWERPOINT PRESENTATION BY THE CASUALTY CREW, MADADENI HOSPITALINTENDED FOR INTERNS AND JUNIOR MO’S COVERING CASUALTY
POTENTIAL SCENARIOS
MVA’S, PVA’S,
FIGHTS, WITH WEAPONS AND WITHOUT
BURGLARIES, MUGGINGS
FALLS, TRIPS AND SLIPS
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
NASAL INJURIES
NASAL DEFORMITIES ARE SOMETIMES EASILY OBVIOUS
DONT FORGET TO EXCLUDE INJURIES IN THE SURROUNDING TISSUE
YOU DON’T NEED TO REDUCE IN CASUALTY, CAN BE DONE WHEN SWELLING REDUCES
SEVERE EPISTAXIS MAY REQUIRE THEATRE BUT NASAL PACKING USUALLY IS ENOUGH
A SEPTAL HAEMATOMA IS A RARE COMPLICATION
IF LEFT UNTREATED IT WILL CAUSE A SADDLE NOSE DEFORMITY
IDEALLY IT SHOULD BE INCISED AND PACKED THEREAFTER
COMPLEX INJURIES WITH FRACTURES SHOULD BE PACKED OR TAGGED AND REPAIRED BY MAX-FAC OR SURGICAL TEAMS DONT FORGET ASSOCIATED INJURIES
WE CANT FIX EVERYTHING
NON-DISPLACED NASAL
FRACTURE
NORMAL NASAL XRAY
NORMAL FACIAL OCCIPITO-MENTAL VIEW
NORMAL OM 30 VIEW
ZYGOMA FRACTURE
ZYGOMA CONSISTS OF THE ARCH AND BODY
ARCH CONSISTS OF LATERAL AND INFERIOR ORBIT
BODY IS MALAR EMINENCE
TRIPOD IS # FRONTOZYGOMATIC SUTURE,MAXILLARY PROCESS INFERIOR ORBITAL FLOOR, INFERIOR ORBITAL RIM, LAT WALL OF MAXILLARY SINUS, TEMPEROZYGOMATIC SUTURE
TRIPOD FRACTURE
FIND THE FRACTURE/S
INFERIOR ORBITAL RIM
FONTOZYGO- MATIC
TEMPEROZYGOMATIC
ZYGOMATIC BODY/ MAXILLARY SINUS
LETS TRY ONE MOREWHATS THAT AT THE TOP OF THE RIGHT ORBIT?WHATS THAT IN THE RIGHT MAXILLARY SINUS?
A TEAR DROP MEANS ORBITAL CONTENTS HAVE LEAKED INTO THE MAXILLARY SINUS, THE AIR-FLUID LEVEL MAY OCCUR IN ISOLATION THESE PATIENTS NEED ADMISSION FOR MAX-FAC
ORBITAL EMPHYSEMA MEANS THERE IS A FRACTURE EVEN IF YOU CANT SEE IT
ORBITAL EMPHYSEMA
TEAR DROP SIGN +
AIR-FLUID LEVEL IN MAXILLARY SINUS
INFERIOR RECTUS ENTRAPMENT
INFERIOR RIM # WITH TEAR
DROP CT
ORBITAL EMPHYSEMA
MEDIAL WALL
FRACTURE
LE FORT FRACTURES
TYPE 1- UNDER NASAL FOSSA
TYPE 2- THE PYRAMID
TYPE 3- MIDFACE DISLOCATION
MAINLY DX ON CT
MOVEMENT OF FACIAL BONES SHOULD CREATE SUSPICION
DISH FACE WITH TYPE 3
THE MANDIBLEONE OF THE MOST COMMON FRACTURES WE SEE
FIND THE FRACTUREWHAT DO YOU CHECK NEXT?
IS IT OPEN OR CLOSED
THIS IS AN OPEN #
CHANGES THE MANAGEMENT
CLOSED CAN BE TREATED AS AN OUTPATIENT
OPEN REQUIRES ADMISSION AND ANTIBIOTIC COVER
SUBLINGUAL HAEMORRHAGE IS PATHOGNOMIC OF MANDIBLE# NORMAL MANDIBLE CAN BITE A TONGUE DEPRESSOR UNTIL YOU CAN BREAK IT OFF ROTATION OF TONGUE ALONG THE MOLARS SHOULDN’T CAUSE PAIN
FOLLOW/ TRACE THE OUTLINE OF THE MANDIBLE
WHERE’S THE FRACTURE
MUCH EASIER WHEN YOU REMEMBER TO CHECK THE
WHOLE XRAY
FIND THE FRACTUREHOW MANY FRACTURES ARE THERE?
FIND THE FRACTURE/S
THE LAST SLIDE I PROMISEIF YOU SEE THIS DONT TOUCH IT, DO X-RAYS AND A CT, IDEALLY THE PT SHOULD BE TRANSFERRED TO A CENTRE WITH MULTIPLE SUBSPECIALTY CARE AS THERE IS PROBABLY INJURY TO MULTIPLE SYSTEMS (BONE, NERVE , BLOOD VESSELS, BRAIN, EYE,PHARYNX,ETC)