facilities engineering - field development concept

8/2/2019 Facilities Engineering - Field Development Concept

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3/22/2012 APDrRazaliHamzah 1

Facilities Engineering

- Field Development ConceptBy

AP Dr Razali Hamzah


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Facilities EngineeringField Development Concept

Contents1. Types of Platformsa. Fixed Platformsb. Manned / Unmanned

c. Mother / Satellite Platformsd. Platforms for Marginal Fields Development.2. Facilities Requirementsa. Production Facilityb. Well Testing Facilityc. Water Handling Facilityd.

Power Generatione. Accommodation/Living Quartersf. IOR/EOR Water Injection / Gas Injection3. Floating Facilitiesa. FPSOb. FSO4. Underwater Facilities

a. Wellheads & Production5. Integrated Development & Production System

6. Q & A


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1. Types of Platforms

a. Fixed Platforms

Definition:A fixed platform is a structurethat is used to support productionfacilities and/or other equipment(offshore) for a long time. It may be

piled or tied up to the ground /seabedor simply placed onsite due to itsgravity.

A fixed platform may be removed

when it has served its purposes or leftin-situ after specific make-safe worksbeen done.


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a. Fixed Platforms

i). A Steel Platform

iii). A Steel Jacket

ii). A TLP

iv). A Concrete Gravity


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b. Manned / UnmannedDefinitions: A platform that usually occupiedby working personnel 24 hours and thereforeprovides accommodations / living quartersfor them is called manned platform. Living

quarters are normally located on a motherplatform or a dedicated LQ-platform.Unmanned platforms are those did notprovide living quarters for its workingpersonnel and workers come and go on

daily basis or on required basis only. Itsometimes provides a shed or a dog housefor protection from bad weather only.


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c. Mother / Satellite PlatformsDefinitions:A mother platform is themain platform that provides all themain facilities e.g. Production

facilities, LQ, Power Generation etc.to the adjacent smaller platforms in afield that requires more than oneplatforms to fully develop andproduced. These smaller platforms

only housed the wellheads for theproduction wells and test separatorsfor well testing purposes are calledthe Satellite platforms.


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d. Platforms for Marginal Fields.Definition:Marginal fields are fieldswhose reserves are small andrequired minimum facilities for

their development in order forthem to be commercially viable.They cannot used the traditionalmega facilities & infrastructuresbecause of the huge cost thatmakes the development andproduction unprofitable.


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2. Facilities Requirements

a. Production Facility

Consists of,i. Production manifolds.

ii. Piping.

iii. Separators.

iv. Strainers / Scrubbers.v. Heat Exchangers (Heaters / Coolers).

vi. Control Valves.

vii. Pumps.

viii. Instrumentation & Control.ix. Water Treating facility.

x. Gas handling facility


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2. Facilities Requirement

b. Well Testing Facility

On each major platform there is also awell testing facility normally called testseparator. It is functioning as anormal separator that separates

water/oil/gas but has meteringsystems to measure the amount ofwater, oil, and gas individually. Thistest separator can be selectively tied

in to the producing well for testing andmonitoring its productionperformance. Connection is donethrough the production manifolds.


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c. Water Treating Facility

The effluent water (produced togetherwith the hydrocarbon) need to beremoved as early as possible when itcomes to surface to avoid corrosion

and worst, reducing the capacity ofthe production facility. The water,before it can be thrown out to sea hasto meet certain specification normally

between 15mg/l 50mg/l (even lowerif onshore), depending on specificlocation offshore.


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c. Water Treating Facility

Method Equipment type Approx. Min. Drop SizeRemoval

Gravity Separation Skimmer Tank & Vessels

API Separator, Disposal Piles

Skim Piles

100 150 Microns

Plate Coalescence Parallel Plate Interceptors

Corrugated Plate Interceptors

Cross-flow Separators

Mixed-flow Separators

30 50 Microns

Enhanced Coalescence Precipitators, Filter / Coalescers

Free-Flow Turbulent Coalescers

10 15 Microns

Gas Flotation Dissolved Gas, Hydraulic andMechanical Dispersed Gas

15 20 Microns

Enhanced Gravity Separation Hydrocyclones, Centrifuges 5 15 Microns

Filtration Multi-media Membrane 1+ Micron


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d. Power Generation

Electrical Power generation isalso a consideration for offshoreplatforms. Electrical power is

required for lighting, to power firewater pumps, control systemsand many other equipment.Power can be derived by using

gas turbine hence the gasproduced after being conditionedcan be utilized if required.


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2. Facilities Requirementse. Accommodation/Living QuartersFor offshore platforms LQs is one importantconsideration in determining the facilitiesrequired for efficient and safe operations ofthe oil/gas production systems. Althoughthere is an additional capital cost to beincurred for LQs requirement, the resultant

operating costs (inclusive logistics) could besaved depending on the distance andnumber of people to man the platforms forsafe and continuous operations at any onetime during the fields life. A dedicatedaccommodation can help boost up theperformance of the important platformpersonnel esp. the operators andtechnicians. Food and beds are provided forthem free of charge.


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e. Accommodation/Living Quarters

Typical LQ capacity for Malaysianoffshore operations are between 80120 man LQs.

During peak activities e.g. duringDrilling campaign additional spacemay be required to house theessential personnel. These may be

provided by the drilling rig contractoror by hiring an accommodation bargeetc.


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2. Facilities Requirementsf. IOR/EOR Water Injection / Gas

InjectionWater Injection facility consists ofPumping and water purifying andtreatment units.

Gas Injection facility consists of gasconditioning/treating and gascompression units.

Space must be provided on theplatform when these equipment arerequired.


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3. Floating Facilities

a. FPSO

(Floating production, storage andoffloading) is a ship like vessel that isused to receive life crude oil (or partlylife) for further stabilization /

separation, then provide space forstorage until a cargo ship comes toreceive the stabilized crude for export.FPSO has the facility to pump and

transfer (offload) the crude oil into thecargo ship. An FPSO is usuallyanchored within a producing field bySBM / SALM system.


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3. Floating Facilitiesb. FSO

(Floating storage and offloading) isalso a ship like vessel but onlyreceives a stabilized crude oil that hasbeen processed at a platform. Itfunctions entirely as storage and off

loading facility. It is also anchoredclosed to the producing platforms(within an oil field) by a SBM / SALMsystem.

All crude is transferred to the FPSO/FSO from the production platforms viaa sub-sea pipeline.


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4. Underwater Facilities

a. Wellheads & Production

Sometimes it is uneconomical to haveplatforms offshore to produce oil/gas atremote fields having small reserves. Toexploit such a field individual well is drilled

and completed underwater. Specialwellheads are used for such wells and aprotection templates are used to protect thewellheads form anchors dropped or draggedfrom ships. The production are then hooked

up to the nearby platforms via a sub-seapipeline. This type of facilities are commonfor deep sea productions.


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5. Integrated Development &

Production System

This is a platform complex housingthe required facilities for the oil/gasproduction. The production

(wellheads), separations,Compression, Pumping, PowerGeneration, Flare boom and LQsmay be housed on a single

platform (huge) or a few individualsmaller platforms but linked bybridges.


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