facilities planning - unit 10 material handling equipment

Facilities Planning Facilities Planning - Unit 10- Unit 10

Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling Equipment

Material Handling Equipment - 2

Hierarchy of Facility PlanningHierarchy of Facility Planning

Facility Planning

Structural Design

Facility Location

Facility Design

Handling System Design

Layout Design

Source for Figure: Tompkins and White, Facilities Planning, 2nd edition, Wiley


Components of Material HandlingComponents of Material Handling The MaterialsThe Materials – products, items, substances and/or people

which are being moved, transported, or physically relocated.

The MoveThe Move – (origin, travel path, destination, frequency) to be made.

The MethodThe Method – (equipment, people, procedures, physical facilities) to be used to make the move

Material Handling EquationMaterial Handling Equation


Principles of Material HandlingPrinciples of Material Handling

The Principles of material HandlingPrinciples of material Handling serve as a starting point to identifying potential problems and assessing need. They are:

1. Planning2. Standardization3. Work4. Ergonomic5. Unit Load6. Space Utilization7. System8. Automation9. Environment10. Life Cycle Cost


Cost Reduction FormulaCost Reduction Formula

Ask For Every So We Can

Why? Operation Eliminate

Who? Transportation Combine

What? Inspection Change Sequence

Where? Storage Simplify

When? Delay

How?


Material Handling TaxonomyMaterial Handling TaxonomySource: College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE)Source: College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE)



Material handling equipment (MHE) is used for the movement and storage of material within a facility or at a site. MHE can be classified into the following five major categories:

Transport Equipment:Transport Equipment: Equipment used to move material from one location to another (e.g., between workplaces, between a loading dock and a storage area, etc.). The major subcategories of transport equipment are conveyorsconveyors , cranescranes, and industrial trucksindustrial trucks. Material can also be transported manually using no equipmentequipment.



Positioning Equipment.Positioning Equipment. Equipment used to handle material at a single location so that it is in the correct position for subsequent handling, machining, transport, or storage. Unlike transport equipment, positioning equipment is usually used for handling at a single workplace. Material can also be positioned manually using no equipment.

Unit Load Formation Equipment.Unit Load Formation Equipment. Equipment used to restrict materials so that they maintain their integrity when handled as a single load during transport and for storage. If materials are self-restraining (e.g., a single part or interlocking parts), then they can be formed into a unit load with no equipment.



Storage Equipment.Storage Equipment. Equipment used for holding or buffering materials over a period of time. Some storage equipment may include the transport of materials (e.g., the S/R machines of an AS/RS, or storage carousels). If materials are block stacked directly on the floor, then no storage equipment is required.

Identification and Control EquipmentIdentification and Control Equipment.. Equipment used to collect and communicate the information that is used to coordinate the flow of materials within a facility and between a facility and its suppliers and customers. The identification of materials and associated control can be performed manually with no specialized equipment.


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentTransport EquipmentTransport Equipment

The major subcategories of transport equipment are:The major subcategories of transport equipment are:

Conveyors.Conveyors. Equipment used to move materials over a fixed path between specific points.

Cranes.Cranes. Equipment used to move materials over variable paths within a restricted area.

Industrial Trucks.Industrial Trucks. Equipment used to move materials over variable paths, with no restrictions on the area covered by the movement (i.e., unrestricted area).

No Equipment.No Equipment. Material can also be transported manually using no equipment.


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentTransport EquipmentTransport Equipment


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment - ConveyorsTransport Equipment - Conveyors

Conveyors are used:Conveyors are used:1. When material is to be moved frequently between specific

points 2. To move materials over a fixed path 3. When there is a sufficient flow volume to justify the fixed

conveyor investment

Conveyors can be classified in different ways:Conveyors can be classified in different ways:1. Type of product being handled: unit load or bulk load 2. Location of the conveyor: overhead, on-floor, or in-floor 3. Whether or not loads can accumulate on the conveyor



Chute conveyor

Wheel conveyor

Roller conveyor

Gravity roller conveyor

Live (powered) roller conveyor

Chain conveyor

Slat conveyor

Flat belt conveyor

Magnetic belt conveyor

Troughed belt conveyor

Bucket conveyor

Vibrating conveyor

Screw conveyor

Pneumatic conveyor

Dilute-phase pneumatic conveyor

Carrier-system pneumatic conveyor

Vertical conveyor

Vertical lift conveyor

Reciprocating vertical conveyor

Cart-on-track conveyor

Tow conveyor

Trolley conveyor

Power-and-free conveyor

Monorail

Sortation conveyor

Diverter

Pop-up device

Sliding shoe device

Tilting device

Cross-belt transfer device



Chute Conveyor

Wheel Conveyor



Gravity Roller Conveyor

Live (Powered) Roller Conveyor

Chain Conveyor



Flat Belt Conveyor Slat Conveyor

Magnetic Belt Conveyor



Troughed Belt Conveyor

Bucket Conveyor

Vibrating Conveyor



Screw Conveyor

Dilute-Phase Pneumatic Conveyor

Carrier-System Pneumatic Conveyor



Reciprocating Vertical Conveyor

Vertical Lift Conveyor

Cart-On-Track Conveyor



Tow Conveyor

Trolley Conveyor



Power-and-Free Conveyor

Monorail



Sortation Conveyor

Sortation Conveyor: Diverter



Sortation Conveyor: Pop-Up Device

Sortation Conveyor: Sliding Shoe Sorter



Sortation Conveyor: Tilting Device

Sortation Conveyor: Cross-Belt Transfer Device


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment - CranesTransport Equipment - Cranes

General characteristics of cranes:General characteristics of cranes:1. Used to move loads over variable (horizontal and vertical)

paths within a restricted area 2. Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume

such that the use of a conveyor cannot be justified 3. Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors 4. Provide less flexibility in movement than industrial trucks 5. Loads handled are more varied with respect to their shape and

weight than those handled by a conveyor 6. Most cranes utilize hoists for vertical movement, although

manipulators can be used if precise positioning of the load is required



Cranes are used to move materials over variable paths within a restricted area. The major types of cranes are:

Jib crane Bridge crane Gantry crane Stacker crane



Jib Crane

Bridge Crane

Stacker Crane



Gantry Crane


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentTransport Equipment – Industrial TrucksTransport Equipment – Industrial Trucks

Industrial trucks:• Used to move materials over variable (horizontal) paths with no

restrictions on the area covered (i.e., unrestricted area) • Provide vertical movement if the truck has lifting capabilities • Used when there is insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume

such that the use of a conveyor cannot be justified • Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors and

cranes • Not licensed to travel on public roads—"commercial trucks"

are licensed to travel on public roads



Hand truck

Two-wheeled hand truck

Dolly

Floor hand truck

Pallet jack

Manual pallet jack

Powered pallet jack

Walkie stacker

Manual walkie stacker

Powered walkie stacker

Pallet truck

Platform truck

Walkie platform truck

Rider platform truck

Counterbalanced lift truck

Sit-down counterbalanced lift truck

Stand-up counterbalanced lift truck

Narrow-aisle straddle truck

Narrow-aisle reach truck

Turret truck

Operator-down turret truck

Operator-up turret truck

Order picker

Sideloader

Tractor-trailer

Personnel and burden carrier

Automatic guided vehicle (AGV)

Tow AGV

Unit load AGV

Assembly AGV

Light load AGV

Fork AGV



Floor Hand Truck

Two-Wheeled Hand Truck



Manual Pallet Jack

Powered Pallet Jack

Manual Walkie Stacker

Powered Walkie Stacker



Sit-Down Counterbalanced Lift Truck

Narrow-Aisle (NA) Straddle Truck

Narrow-Aisle (NA) Reach Truck

Operator-Down Turret Truck



Assembly AGV

Unit Load AGV

Tow AGV


The powered industrial trucks are used for moving either mixed or uniform loads intermittently over various paths. While these paths can be somewhat random at the discretion of the driver, the paths are restricted to suitable indoor or outdoor surfaces.

These trucks are used for moving either mixed or uniform loads intermittently over various paths. While these paths can be somewhat random at the discretion of the driver, the paths are restricted to suitable indoor or outdoor surfaces.

Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial TrucksPowered Industrial Trucks


Industrial trucks provide not only a means of transporting materials, but also provide a means of accurate lifting and stacking.

Appropriate tooling for the truck permits users to lift not only pallets, but a wide array of specialized loads. For example, rolls of carpet are easily moved via industrial truck by replacing standard forks with a single tube.



Powered industrial trucks can be found in almost any manufacturing plant, loading dock, or warehouses. Powered industrial trucks are made by a variety of manufacturers for diverse purposes, including some highly specialized applications.

Internal combustion trucks add the advantage of outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to 15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks lifting up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in height and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or diesel fuel.

Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial Trucks Powered Industrial Trucks

Slides 37-50 are supplemental to already published CICMHE Material Handling Taxonomy. These slides are created using literature from the Industrial Truck Association and the document, “An Introduction to Material Handling Equipment Selection1” edited by Brett A. Peters.


The Industrial Truck Association (ITA) has classified the powered trucks into seven classes which are:

Class 1Class 1 – Electric Motor Rider TrucksClass 2Class 2 – Electric Motor Narrow Aisle TrucksClass 3Class 3 – Electric Motor Hand TruckClass 4Class 4 – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Cushion Tires OnlyClass 5Class 5 –Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Pneumatic Tires OnlyClass 6Class 6 –Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow TractorsClass 7Class 7 – Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks

Each of the classes are divided into “lift codes.” See the ITA Pictorial Model Listing.



The first five classes are the most common. Detailed information is available through the ITA.

Electric Motor Rider TrucksElectric Motor Rider Trucks are general purpose trucks and are used primarily indoors. These trucks can lift up to 6 tons and up to 18 feet in height. Electric Motor Narrow Aisle TrucksElectric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks are used in narrow aisle applications. These trucks are used primarily for storage/retrieval in applications similar to AS/RS functions. They can easily lift loads from 2,000 to 4,500 pounds to heights of 40 feet.



Electric Motor Hand TrucksElectric Motor Hand Trucks are generally used for indoor applications and can handle loads up to 4 tons.

These trucks are perfect for situations in which material is to be moved from one location to another without the need for lifting more than a few inches. For example, this type of truck is commonly used in grocery stores to move pallet loads of cans or boxes to a display location within the store.

An added convenience is that the operator can move among customers in the store safely and without obstructed views.



Internal Combustion TrucksInternal Combustion Trucks add the advantage of outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to 15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks lifting up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in height and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or diesel fuel.

Internal combustion trucks add the advantage of outdoor use. They can lift 2,000 to 15,000 pounds with some specialty trucks lifting up to 50 tons. They can lift up to 20 feet in height and can operate on gasoline, LP-gas, or diesel fuel.



Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial Trucks - ITA ClassificationPowered Industrial Trucks - ITA Classification

Class 1 – Electric Motor Rider TrucksClass 1 – Electric Motor Rider Trucks

Lift Code 1Lift Code 1 Counterbalanced Rider Type, Stand Up

Lift Code 4Lift Code 4 Three Wheel Electric Trucks, Sit-Down

Lift Code 5Lift Code 5 Counterbalanced Rider Type, Cushion Tires, Sit-Down (Includes High & Low Platform)

Lift Code 6Lift Code 6 Counterbalanced Rider, Pneumatic Type Tire, Sit-Down (Includes High & Low Platform)



Class 2 – Electric Motor Narrow Aisle TrucksClass 2 – Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks

Lift Code 1Lift Code 1 High Lift Straddle

Lift Code 2Lift Code 2 Order Picker

Lift Code 3Lift Code 3 Reach Type Outrigger

Lift Code 4Lift Code 4 Side Loaders, Turret Trucks, Swing Mast and Convertible Turret/Stock Pickers

Lift Code 6Lift Code 6 Low Lift Pallet and Platform (Rider)



Class 3 – Electric Motor Hand TruckClass 3 – Electric Motor Hand Truck

Lift Code 1Lift Code 1 Low Lift Platform

Lift Code 2Lift Code 2 Low Lift Walkie Pallet

Lift Code 3Lift Code 3 Tractors (Draw Bar Pull Under 999 Lbs.)

Lift Code 4Lift Code 4 Low Lift Walkie/Center Control

Lift Code 5Lift Code 5 Reach Type Outrigger

Lift Code 6Lift Code 6 High Lift Straddle

Lift Code 7Lift Code 7 High Lift Counterbalanced

Lift Code 8Lift Code 8 Low Lift Walkie/Rider Pallet



Class 4 – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Cushion Tires OnlyClass 4 – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Cushion Tires Only

Lift Code 3Lift Code 3 Fork, Counterbalanced (Cushion Tire)

Class 5 –Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Pneumatic Tires OnlyClass 5 –Internal Combustion Engine Trucks – Pneumatic Tires Only

Lift Code 4Lift Code 4 Fork, Counterbalanced (Pneumatic Tire)

Class 6 –Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow TractorsClass 6 –Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tow Tractors

Lift Code 1Lift Code 1 Sit-Down Rider (Draw Bar Pull Over 999 Lbs.)

Class 7 – Rough Terrain Fork Lift TrucksClass 7 – Rough Terrain Fork Lift Trucks

Lift Code 1Lift Code 1 All Rough Terrain Lift Trucks


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentPowered Industrial Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model ListingPowered Industrial Trucks - ITA Pictorial Model Listing

Class I - Electric Motor Rider Trucks (Lift Code 1)




Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (Lift Code 1)




Class III - Electric Motor Hand Trucks (Lift Code 1)










Class IV – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks (Lift Code 3)



Class V – Internal Combustion Engine Trucks-Pneumatic Tires Only (Lift Code 4)



Class VII – Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks (Lift Code 1)

Class VI – Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Tractors (Lift Code 1)

Class VII – Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks (Lift Code 1)

For additional information on industrial truck classification,visit the Industrial Truck Association web site at:

http://www.indtrk.org


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentPositioning EquipmentPositioning Equipment

Positioning equipment is used to handle material at a single location so that the material is in the correct position for subsequent handling, machining, transport, or storage. Unlike transport equipment, positioning equipment is usually used for handling at a single workplace. Material can also be positioned manually using no equipment.



As compared to manual handling, the use of positioning equipment can provide the following benefits [Modern Materials Handling, Sept. 1993]:

• raise the productivity of each worker when the frequency of handling is high,

• improve product quality and limit damage to materials and equipment when the item handled is heavy or awkward to hold and damage is likely through human error or inattention, and

• reduce fatigue and injuries when the environment is hazardous or inaccessible.



Manual (no equipment)

Lift/tilt/turn table

Dock leveler

Ball transfer table

Rotary index table

Parts feeder

Air film device

Hoist

Balancer

Manipulator

Rigid-link manipulator

Articulated jib crane manipulator

Vacuum manipulator

Industrial robot



Lift/Tilt/Turn Table

Dock Leveler

Rotary Index Table



Parts Feeder

Rigid-Link Manipulator

Air Film Device



Articulated Jib Crane Manipulator

Vacuum Manipulator

Industrial Robot


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentUnit Load Formation EquipmentUnit Load Formation Equipment

Unit load formation equipmentUnit load formation equipment used to restrict materials so that they maintain their integrity when handled a single load during transport and for storage.

Advantages of unit loads:Advantages of unit loads:• More items can be handled at the same time, thereby reducing the

number of trips required and, potentially, reducing handling costs, loading and unloading times, and product damage.

• Enables the use of standardized material handling equipment.

Disadvantages of unit loads:Disadvantages of unit loads:• Time spent forming and breaking down the unit load. • Cost of containers/pallets and other load restraining materials used

in the unit load • Empty containers/pallets may need to be returned to their point of

origin.



Self-restraining (no equipment)

Pallets

Skids

Slipsheets

Tote pans

Pallet boxes/skid boxes

Bins/baskets/racks

Cartons

Bags

Bulk load containers

Crates

Intermodal containers

Strapping/tape/glue

Shrink-wrap/stretch-wrap

Palletizers

Manual palletizing

Robotic pick and place palletizers

Conventional stripper plate palletizers



Pallets

Slip Sheets

Tote Pans



Intermodal Containers

Pallet Boxes/Skid Boxes



Robotic Pick and Place Palletizers

Manual Palletizing

Shrink-Wrap/Stretch-Wrap


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentStorage EquipmentStorage Equipment

Storage equipment used for holding or buffering materials over a period of time.

The most common reason for storing a product allows the other elements of production to operate more efficiently on a per-unit basis because the fixed costs associated with utilizing the element can be spread over more products; e.g., storing up to a truckload of product in a facility reduces the per-unit costs of shipping; and buffering or storage of WIP enables batch production which reduces the per-unit setup costs.



Other potential reasons for storage include: time bridging—allows product to be available when it is needed (e.g., storing spare machine parts at the facility); processing—for some products (e.g., wine), storage can be considered as a processing operation because the product undergoes a required change during storage; and securing—e.g., nuclear waste storage.



Block stacking (no equipment)

Selective pallet rack

Drive-through rack

Drive-in rack

Flow-through rack

Push-back rack

Sliding rack

Cantilever rack

Stacking frame

Shelves/bins/drawers

Storage carouselAutomatic storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS)

Unit load AS/RS

Mini load AS/RS

Man-on-board AS/RS

Deep-lane AS/RS

Split case order picking system

Mezzanine



Selective Pallet Rack

Drive-Through Rack



Drive-In Rack

Flow-Through Rack



Push-Back Rack

Sliding Rack



Shelves / Bins / Drawers

Storage Carousel



Mini-load AS/RS

Unit Load AS/RS



Man-On-Board AS/RS

Split-Case Order Picking System


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentIdentification and Control EquipmentIdentification and Control Equipment

Manual (no equipment)

Bar codes

Radio frequency (RF) tag

Magnetic stripe

Machine vision

Portable data terminal

Electronic data interchange (EDI)/Internet

Identification and control equipment is used to collect and communicate the information that is used to coordinate the flow of materials within a facility and between a facility and its suppliers and customers.



Manual (No Equipment)Manual (No Equipment)

The identification of materials and associated communication can be performed manually with no specialized equipment

Although it is sometimes possible to manually coordinate the operation of a material handling system, it becomes more difficult to do so as the speed, size, and complexity of the system increases



Bar CodesBar Codes

Unique bar/space patterns represent various alphanumeric characters

Bar code system consists of bar code label, bar code scanner, and bar code printer

Contact bar code scanners use pen or wand to read labels Non-contact bar code scanners include fixed beam, moving

beam, and omni-directional

1-D codes are most common; 2-D codes enable much greater data storage capability



Radio Frequency (RF) TagRadio Frequency (RF) Tag

Data encoded on chip encased in a tag

Non-contact: can be read when the tag is within 30 ft. of an antenna

Tags can either be attached to a container, or permanently or temporarily to an item

RF tags have greater data storage capability than bar codes



Magnetic StripeMagnetic Stripe

Data encoded on a magnetic stripe that is readable in almost any environment

Requires contact with a reader

Greater storage capability and more expensive than bar codes



Machine VisionMachine Vision

Does not require explicit encoding of data since objects can be identified by their physical appearance

Non-contact, but typically requires structured lighting

More flexible than other identification equipment, but less robust



Portable Data TerminalPortable Data Terminal

Handheld, arm-mounted, or vehicle-mounted data storage and communication device

Communicates with a host computer via a radio frequency or infrared link

Variety of input devices available: keyboard, bar code scanner, voice headset



Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)/InternetElectronic Data Interchange (EDI)/Internet

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides standards for inter-corporate transfer of purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and other frequently used business documents

Prior to the Internet, EDI required expensive dedicated value added networks (VANs)

EDI is critical for implementing JIT manufacturing



Deciding on a Picking Medium in Picking OperationsDeciding on a Picking Medium in Picking Operations

As part of warehousing operations and specifically in picking As part of warehousing operations and specifically in picking operations, identification of the parts and their locations can operations, identification of the parts and their locations can have an impact on the picking speed.have an impact on the picking speed.

The following are the most commonly used mechanisms for The following are the most commonly used mechanisms for communicating picks to order pickers:communicating picks to order pickers: Label Picking Pick to Light Radio Frequency Barcode Picking Voice Picking



For complete information and more details about the Material Handling Equipment visit: http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/index.htm

This web site is made available through support of TheCollege-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE)

The College-Industry Council on Material Handling Education (CICMHE) is an independent organization which prepares and provides information, teaching

materials and various events in support of material handling education and research.

Founded in 1952, the Council is composed of college and university educators, material handling equipment manufacturers, distributors, users and consultants,

representatives of the business press, and professional staff members of organizations concerned with material handling education.


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentEquipment Selection CriteriaEquipment Selection Criteria

Material CharacteristicsMaterial Characteristics

Category Measures

Physical stateSizeWeightShapeConditionSafety risk and risk

of damage

Solid, liquid, or gasVolume; length, width, heightWeight per piece, weight per unit volumeLong and flat, round, square, etc.Hot, cold, wet, etc.Explosive, flammable, toxic; fragile, etc.



Flow RateFlow Rate

Manual handlingHand trucks

Powered trucksUnit load AGV

Conveyors ConveyorsAGV train

High

Low

LongShort

Move Distance

Quantity of

Material moved



Flow RateFlow Rate

Quantity Distance Method

Low Short Manual, Hand Truck

Low Long Power Trucks, Unit AGV

High Long Conveyor

High Short Conveyor, Vehicle Train



Layout TypeLayout Type

Conveyors for product flow, trucks to deliver components to stations.

Limited product variety, high production rate

Product

Hand trucks, forklift trucks, AGVs

Variation in product and processing, low and medium production rates

Process

Cranes, hoists, industrial trucks

Large product size, low production rateFixed Position

Typical Material Handling EquipmentCharacteristicsLayout Type


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentSafety and ErgonomicsSafety and Ergonomics

Scientific research shows an increase in injuries at certain levels of exposure to heavy, frequent and awkward lifting (Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, http://www.lni.wa.gov).

Job design is very important in creating a safe and healthy work environment and the selection of proper material handling devices can help with reducing some of the material handling related injuries.


Paying special attention to:

Frequent lifting Awkward lifting

Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentSafety and Ergonomics – Job Design Safety and Ergonomics – Job Design

Heavy lifting



WISHA Lifting Calculator Other tools:

ACGIH Lifting TLV NIOSH Lifting Equation Department of

Energy’s “ErgoEaser”

http://www.lni.wa.gov/default.asp


Principles for reducing heavy liftingPrinciples for reducing heavy lifting

Reduce the weight Increase the weight Use mechanical assistance Slide instead of lift Team lifting



Principles for reducing frequent liftingPrinciples for reducing frequent lifting

Use mechanical assistance Avoid unnecessary lifting Use mobile storage



Principles for reducing awkward lifting - reachingPrinciples for reducing awkward lifting - reaching

Remove obstacles Slide closer Reduce shelf depth Reduce package size Use mechanical assistance Team lifting



Principles for reducing awkward lifting - bendingPrinciples for reducing awkward lifting - bending

Use mechanical assistance to raise the load Add handles Arrange storage Avoid unnecessary lifting



Principles for reducing awkward lifting – reaching above Principles for reducing awkward lifting – reaching above shouldersshoulders

Arrange storage Use mechanical assistance Use a rolling stair or “safety ladder”



Principles for reducing awkward lifting – twistingPrinciples for reducing awkward lifting – twisting Use conveyors Provide more space Arrange storage


Principles for reducing duration of liftingPrinciples for reducing duration of lifting

Rotate to other jobs Use mechanical assistance


Visit the Occupational Safety & Health Administration web site at http://osha.gov. Specifically, visit the Specifically, visit the OSHA Directorate of Training and Education (DTE) section.

DTE’s “Training Resources” section of the site offers references and resources for many safety related topics including material handling safety.

Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentSafety and ErgonomicsSafety and Ergonomics

http://osha.gov/


Material Handling EquipmentMaterial Handling EquipmentSafety – ??Safety – ??

facilities planning - unit 10 material handling equipment

Documents

positioning equipment

method equipment

storage of material

storage equipment i

components of material

subsequent handling

unit load formation

transport of materials