fact-finding surveys on psh business in different power ...source : h. nagayama (kyoto university),...
TRANSCRIPT
Fact-Finding Surveys on PSH Business
in Different Power Markets
Accommodating Large Scale VRE
Koichi Ota
(Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.)
1
Annex-IX専門部会プレゼン資料(ポルトinポルトガル、2019年10月)
1. Research Project of Japan
2. Status of Japani. PSH Deployment
ii. Energy Policy
iii. Power Generation Mix
iv. Market Design
v. Role of PSH for VRE Integration
vi. PSH Business in VRE-Highly-Shared Area
vii. Grid Interconnection
viii. Functions/Values of PSH
ix. Issues of PSH Business
Contents
2
1. Research Project of Japan
Project Goal
To define common and different statuses and issues of pumped storage
hydropower businesses in different power markets
Topics
• The needs for pumped storage hydropower as well as its functions
expected to be delivered in the power system accommodating large
scale VRE (Document research)
• Common and different roles and value of pumped storage
hydropower in different power systems (Document Research &
Fact-Finding Survey)
• Operational figures of pumped storage hydropower stations in
service (Fact-Finding Survey)3
1. Research Project of Japan (Timeline)
FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020
Portugal (Frades II, EDP, 19 Oct.)
JapanGermany
Austria
Document research
Fact-Finding SurveyU.S.A
Clarification of the design of each power market and technical
& financial issues of pumped storage hydropower business
Supplemental activities
depending on the needs from
the entire Annex IX programs
4
2. Status of Japan
5
i. PSH Deployment
Area Fixed-speed
PSH (kW)
Variable-speed
PSH (kW)
Total
(kW)
Hokkaido 300,000 500,000 800,000
Tohoku 712,340 0 712,340
Tokyo 10,435,500 1,080,000 11,515,500
Chubu 4,164,500 0 4,164,500
Hokuriku 110,000 0 110,000
Kansai 4,419,000 640,000 5,059,000
Chugoku 2,123,000 0 2,123,000
Shikoku 686,200 0 686,200
Kyusyu 1,100,000 1,200,000 2,300,000
Total 24,050,540 3,420,000 27,470,540
As of FY2018
6
(Notes) The figures above include PSHs of J-Power and a local bureau of enterprise, on top of regional power utilities.
Source : Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
0
200
400
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0
5000
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15000
20000
25000
30000
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
Eelc
tric
ity
dem
an
d [
TWh
]
Inst
all
ed P
SH c
ap
aci
ty [M
W]
Installed PSH capacity(Fixed speed)Installed PSH capacity(Variable speed)Electricity demand
i. PSH Deployment
7
Variable speed units installation
Source : Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
ii. Energy Policy
Power Generation Mix Target in FY2030 - To achieve energy mix target
- To lay foundation to use renewable
energy as one of the major power
sources
(Launched the Feed-In Tariff in 2012)
- To promote energy saving such as
through introduction of EVs
- To lower dependency on nuclear
power generation Oil 3%
Coal26%
LNG27%
Nuclear20% - 22%
Renewableenergy
22% - 24%
Hydro8.8% - 9.2%
Solar7.0%
Wind 1.7%
Biomass3.7% - 4.6%
Geothermal1.0% - 1.1%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total generation (approx.)1,065 TWh
8
Solar+Wind
Total 8.7%
Source : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
iii. Power Generation Mix by area
9
50Hz
60Hz
Hokkaido
Frequency converter station
Tohoku
Tokyo
Hokuriku
Chubu
Kansai
Chugoku
Shikoku
Kyusyu
Okinawa
AC/DC converter station
900MW
300MW300MW
0
15.3%
2.9% 3.4% 1.5%8.1%
1.6% 5.2% 7.2% 3.8%
15.1%
3.8%
50.5%
44.9%
15.8% 23.4%
50.9%
16.8%
50.5%
60.9%
36.8%
59.5%
29.7%
2.7%29.1%
66.5% 55.4%
7.6%
43.1%
24.0%4.3%
12.7%
19.6%
40.9%
21.0%7.7%
26.2%
6.6%18.2%10.3%
5.3%9.2%
26.9%
10.0%6.4% 9.0%
5.1%
0.1%8.5%0.4% 0.0%
0.8% 0.4% 0.0% 0.9%1.0%
0.4%1.2%
0.0% 0.7%5.5% 5.4%5.4% 6.8% 3.3% 4.7%
8.4% 6.7%9.1%
4.4% 6.1%3.3% 2.3%0.2% 0.9% 0.7% 0.2%
0.7% 1.2% 0.7%0.3% 0.8%3.4% 3.2%
1.8% 1.7% 2.1% 1.1%1.8% 2.1% 4.4%
1.0% 2.2%0.6% 1.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.3% 0.6% 2.1% 0.6% 0.1% 0.0% 0.9%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Hokkaido Tohoku Tokyo Chubu Hokuriku Kansai Chugoku Shikoku Kyusyu Okinawa Japan
Oil Coal LNG Nuclear Hydro PSH PV Wind Other RE Other
iii. Power Generation Mix by area (as of FY2018)
Kyusyu
10
VRE[%]
(PV +Wind)4.79.87.89.14.94.07.75.67.78.8
Source : Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators, JAPAN
ChugokuHokkaido
6.9
Local area Central area Local area
iii. Power Generation Mix by area (as of FY2018)
11
Kyusyu (FY2018)
Chugoku (FY2018)
Hokkaido (FY2018)Tohoku, Chubu, Shikoku (FY2018)
Tokyo (FY2018)
Kansai (FY2018)
Okinawa (FY2018)
Hokuriku (FY2018)
Japan (FY2018)
iv. Market Design (being under review under OCCTO)
kWh : Energy
kW : Available Capacity
ΔkW : Balancing
Non-Fossil
Value
Energy market (Day-ahead, Intraday)
Capacity market(Auction starts
in FY2020)
Balancing market (Auction starts
in FY2021)
Green certificate market
Offering program by area- Available capacity for
peak demand- Frequency control
NOW 2020 2021
12
OCCTO: Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators, JAPAN
Source : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
- Fixed remuneration for Category I supports PSH business.
- The offering capacity for Category I is limited.
iv. Market Design (being under review under OCCTO)
Offering program menu (Annual auction for next year)
CategoryRequirement
Offering capacityPayment for
Response Control Capacity Fixed cost Variable cost
I
I-a 5min GF, LFC Online >5MW 7% of the average of 3
maximum annual
demands
in each area Available
Depending on
actual
operation
I-b 15min - Online >5MW
I’ 3hour - Off-line >1MW 3% of the maximum
annual demand in each
area
II
II-a 5min GF, LFC Online >5MW
Depending on each area Not Available II-b 15min - Online >5MW
II’ 1hour - Off-line >5MW
13
OCCTO: Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators, JAPAN
Source : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
v. Role of PSH for VRE Integration
VRE connection
Base load (Nuclear, Geothermal, Hydro)
Thermal
Wind
PV
PV: 360hours/year
Wind : 720hours/year
【A】Demand
【E】PSH (pumping)
【E】PSH (generating)【F】VRE curtailment
Counts on:
- pumping to absorb VRE surplus in early morning and daytime
- generating in nighttime 14
Maximum curtailment hours without compensation
Source : Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
v. Role of PSH for VRE Integration
Power curtailment procedure
Demand & VRE output forecast
- Thermal unit curtailment
- Whole PSH units pumping※Regardless of electricity prices, PSHSs require pumping
to absorb VRE surplus and generating in nighttime to
create an effective reservoir capacity for pumping for next
daytime.
- Interconnection utilization
VRE curtailment
Base load curtailment 15
The target for VRE reflects the negative
capacity of PSH for drawdown. PSH is
needed to introduce VRE as planned to
maintain the flexibility of the network.
vi. PSH Business in VRE-Highly-Shared Area (Kyusyu)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Acc
. PV
in
sta
ll c
ap
aci
ty [M
W]
Nu
mb
er o
f p
um
p o
per
ati
on
,8u
nit
s to
tal
[tim
es]
Number of pump operation & PV capacity (Kyusyu, FY2010 - FY2018)
Acc. PV install capacity
Number of pump operation in daytime (8:00 - 17:00)
Number of pump operation in nighttime (17:00 - 8:00)
Launched
FIT
the Great East Japan
Earthquake
(Stopped Nuclear units)16
Source : Kyusyu EPCO
Restarted
Nuclear units
Fix
ed
& V
ari
ab
le s
pe
ed
un
its
vi. PSH Business in VRE-Highly-Shared Area (Kyusyu)
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2019
/4/1
0:0
02
01
9/4
/1 1
2:0
020
19/4
/2 0
:00
20
19
/4/2
12
:00
2019
/4/3
0:0
02
01
9/4
/3 1
2:0
020
19/4
/4 0
:00
20
19
/4/4
12
:00
2019
/4/5
0:0
02
01
9/4
/5 1
2:0
020
19/4
/6 0
:00
20
19
/4/6
12
:00
2019
/4/7
0:0
02
01
9/4
/7 1
2:0
020
19/4
/8 0
:00
20
19
/4/8
12
:00
2019
/4/9
0:0
02
01
9/4
/9 1
2:0
02
01
9/4
/10
0:0
020
19/4
/10
12:0
02
01
9/4
/11
0:0
020
19/4
/11
12:0
02
01
9/4
/12
0:0
020
19/4
/12
12:0
02
01
9/4
/13
0:0
020
19/4
/13
12:0
02
01
9/4
/14
0:0
020
19/4
/14
12:0
02
01
9/4
/15
0:0
020
19/4
/15
12:0
02
01
9/4
/16
0:0
020
19/4
/16
12:0
02
01
9/4
/17
0:0
020
19/4
/17
12:0
02
01
9/4
/18
0:0
020
19/4
/18
12:0
02
01
9/4
/19
0:0
020
19/4
/19
12:0
02
01
9/4
/20
0:0
020
19/4
/20
12:0
02
01
9/4
/21
0:0
020
19/4
/21
12:0
02
01
9/4
/22
0:0
020
19/4
/22
12:0
02
01
9/4
/23
0:0
020
19/4
/23
12:0
02
01
9/4
/24
0:0
020
19/4
/24
12:0
02
01
9/4
/25
0:0
020
19/4
/25
12:0
02
01
9/4
/26
0:0
020
19/4
/26
12:0
02
01
9/4
/27
0:0
020
19/4
/27
12:0
02
01
9/4
/28
0:0
020
19/4
/28
12:0
02
01
9/4
/29
0:0
020
19/4
/29
12:0
02
01
9/4
/30
0:0
020
19/4
/30
12:0
0
[MWh]
Electricity demand & generation (Kyusyu, April 2019)
Nuclear Geothermal Biomass Hydro
Thermal PV Wind PV curtailment
Wind curtailment Interconnection PSH Demand
17
Source : Kyusyu EPCO
Generating
PSH operation:
Pumping
Very Frequent!
vii. Grid Interconnection
18
60Hz
Hokkaido
4,190MW
Frequency converter station
Tohoku
12,970MW
Tokyo
53,770MW
Hokuriku
5,040MW
Chubu
24,730MW
Kansai
26,390MW
Chugoku
10,280MW
Shikoku
5,040MW
Kyusyu
15,520MW
Okinawa
1,500MW
AC/DC converter station
900MW
300MW300MW
0
Synchronous Area
(East Japan)
Synchronous Area
(Hokkaido)
50HzThe numerical value in each area shows the
maximum demand in 2018 summer,
while the figure for each interconnection line
shows those facility capacity. 900MW
1,200MW
300MW
1,400MW
5,600MW
2,400MW
16,700MW5,600MW
5,600MW
12,600MW
Synchronous Area
(West Japan)
Source : Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators, JAPAN
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Hokkaido-Tohoku
Tohoku-Tokyo
Chubu-Tokyo
Hokuriku-Chubu
Chubu-Kansai
Hokuriku-Kansai
Kansai-Chugoku
Kansai-Shikoku
Chugoku-Shikoku
Chugoku-Kyusyu
Denmark(W)-Norway
Denmark(W)-Sweden
Denmark(W)-Germany
Denmark(E)-Sweden
Denmark(E)-Germany
France-Germany
France-U.K.
France-Italy
France-Spain
Norway-Netherland
Netherland-U.K.
Jap
anEu
rop
eTransmission Capacity Factor [%]
vii. Grid Interconnection
19
Source : Y. Yasuda
(Kansai University)
Utilization Factor of Interconnection lines (Japan & Europe, 2014)
- A new regulation started
in 2018 that would help
promote flexible
operation crossing an
extensive area.
- More utilization of the
interconnection lines
may create more
opportunities to use
PSHSs.
[%]
viii. Functions/Values of PSH
20
Source : H. Nagayama (Kyoto University), modified
: Monetized in Japan
ValueFixed-speed
PSHS
Variable-speed
PSHS
kWh : Energy Available Available
kW : Available
capacity
Available capacity (Generating) Available Available
Negative capacity for drawdown (Pumping) Available Available
ΔkW : Balancing Frequency control
(Spinning reserve)
GF, AFC (Generating) Available Excellent
GF, AFC (Pumping) N/A Available
Inertia response Available N/A
Standing reserve (while network is available) Available Available
Non-fossil Available(?) Available(?)
Others Voltage control Available Available
Emergency Black start※ Available N/A
Security Available Available
※Auxiliary diesel engines are only monetized.
viii. Functions/Values of PSH
21
TimeBattery Conventional
hydro
kWPSH
Thermal
Demand
Balancing capability by power source (image)
Balancing speed Balancing capacity
PSH Excellent Excellent
Battery Excellent Good
Conventional hydro Good Good
Thermal Fair Excellent
ix. Issues of PSH Business
Not all the PSH values are remunerated.
22Source : H. Nagayama (Kyoto University), modified
: Monetized in Japan
FixedCost
Valuable
Cost
Energy
Avai lable capacity(Generating)
Negative capacity(Pumping)
Frequency control(Generating)
Frequency control(Pumping)
Inertia responseStanding reserve
Voltage control
Black start
Securi ty
kWh
kW
ΔkW
Non-Fossil
Others
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
Cost RevenueMonetized
Revenue