faculty of animal husbandry university of … · bismillah scheme of study for an undergraduate...

1

Bismillah

SCHEME OF STUDY

for

AN UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE

of

B.Sc.(Hons.) ANIMAL SCIENCE

(Contents Revised & Updated August, 2015)

FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD-

38040

PAKISTAN

2

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Scheme of Study

for

B.Sc. (Hons.) Animal Science

Semester 4

Course No

Course Title Credit

hours

Course

Type

AH-202 Principles of Animal Husbandry 3(2-1) Elective

AH-204 Fundamentals of Livestock Production 3(2-1) Elective

AH-206 Principles of Animal Nutrition 3(2-1) Elective

AH-208 Fundamentals of Animal Breeding 3(2-1) Elective

AH-210 Rural Poultry Farming 3(2-1) Elective

A student will opt only 2-3 courses for 5 Credit Hrs but minimum of 20 students will be required to offer a course

Semester 5

Course No Course Title

Credit

hours

Course

Type

ABG-301 Principles of Heredity 2(1-1) Major

ABG-303 Introductory Molecular Genetics 2(1-1) Major

LM-301 Management of Dairy Animals 2(1-1) Major

ANFT-301 Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition 2(1-1) Major

ANFT-303 Metabolism of Primary Nutrients 2(1-1) Major

PS-301 Introduction to Poultry Science 2(1-1) Major

PS-303 Incubation Principles and Hatchery

Management

2(1-2) Major

ANAT-301 Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy 3(2-1) Supporting

PHYS-301 Introduction to Veterinary Physiology 3(2-1) Supporting

Total 20

3

Semester 6

Course No Course Title Credit

hours

Course

Type

ABG-302 Introductory Population Genetics 2(1-1) Major

ABG-304 Principles of Animal Breeding 2(2-1) Major

LM-302 Range Livestock Production 2(1-1) Major

LM-304 Principles of Small Ruminant Production 2(1-1) Major

ANFT-302 Minerals and Vitamins in Nutrition 2(1-1) Major

ANFT-304 Nutrient Requirements of Farm Animals 2(1-1) Major

PS-302 Poultry Farm Management 2(1-1) Major

PS-304 Poultry Housing and Equipments 2(1-1) Major

MED-302 Introduction to Farm Animal Health 3(2-1) Supporting

Total 19

Semester 7

Course No Course Title Credit

hours

Course

Type

ABG-401 Selection for Economic Traits in Farm Animals 2(1-1) Major

LM-401 Principles of Milk Production 2(1-1) Major

ANFT-403 Principles of Poultry Nutrition 2(1-1) Major

PS-403 Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention 2(1-1) Major

Sub Total: 8

List of Elective Courses

(Students will take any four courses from the given list)

ABG-403 Animal Breeding Practices 3(2-1) Elective

ABG-405 Beef Breeding 3(2-1) Elective

ABG-407 Dairy Animal Breeding 3(2-1) Elective

ABG-409 International Animal Breeding 3(3-0) Elective

LM-403 Principles of Meat Production 3(2-1) Elective

LM-405 Draught Animal Production 3(2-1) Elective

LM-407 Behavior and welfare of Farm Animals 3(3-0) Elective

ANFT-401 Feeding of Farm Animals 3(2-1) Elective

ANFT-405 Feed Evaluation, Formulation and Processing

Technology

3(2-1) Elective

4

PS-401 Poultry Feeding Practices 3(2-1) Elective

AR-401 Physiology of Reproduction 3(2-1) Elective

Sub Total 12

Total: 20

Semester 8

Course No Course Title Credit hours

AH-412 Internship 8(0-8)

Total 8

Semester 1-4 (17+18+19+20) = 74

Semester 5-8 (20+19+20+8) = 67

Total Credit hrs = 141

5

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

Curriculum for

B.Sc. (Hons.) Animal Science

Dept of Animal Breeding and Genetics

Course No. Course Title Credit

Hours

ABG-301 Principles of Heredity 2(1-1)

ABG-303 Introductory Molecular Genetics 2(1-1)

ABG-302 Introductory Population Genetics 2(1-1)

ABG-304 Principles of Animal Breeding 2(1-1)

ABG-401 Selection for Economic Traits in Farm Animals 2(1-1)

ABG-403 Animal Breeding Practices 3(2-1)

ABG-405 Beef Breeding 3(2-1)

ABG-407 Dairy Animal Breeding 3(2-1)

ABG-409 International Animal

Dept of Livestock Management

Course No. Course Title Credit Hours

LM-301 Introductory Livestock Management 3(2-1)

LM-303 Management of Dairy Animals 2(1-1)

LM-302 Range Livestock Production 2(1-1)

LM-304 Principles of Small Ruminant Production 2(1-1)

LM-401 Principles of Milk Production 2(1-1)

LM-403 Principles of Meat Production 3(2-1)

LM-405 Draught Animal Production 3(2-1)

LM-407 Behavior and welfare of Farm Animals 3(3-0)

6

Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology


Hours

ANFT-301 Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition 2(1-1)

ANFT-303 Metabolism of Primary Nutrients 2(1-1)

ANFT-302 Minerals and Vitamins in Nutrition 2(1-1)

ANFT-304 Nutrient Requirements of Farm Animals 3(2-1)

ANFT-403 Principles of Poultry Nutrition 2(1-1)

ANFT-401 Feeding of Farm Animals 3(2-1)

ANFT-405 Feed Evaluation, Formulation and Processing

Technology

3(2-1)

Department of Poultry Science


Hours

PS-301 Introduction to Poultry Science 2(1-1)

PS-303 Incubation Principles and Hatchery Management 2(2-1)

PS-302 Poultry Farm Management 2(1-1)

PS-304 Poultry Housing and Equipments 2(1-1)

PS-403 Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention 2(1-1)

PS-401 Poultry Feeding Practices 3(2-1)

Department of ABG, LM, PS & IAN&FT


Hours

AH-412 Internship 10(0-10)

7

ABG-301 Principles of Heredity 2(1-1)

Theory:

Genetics: historical development and scope; Genetic basis of inheritance: cell and cell

division, gametogenesis; Mendelism: basic terminology, Mendel's laws, monohybrid and

polyhybrid crosses; Probability: concept and laws of probability; Chi-square test and its

applications; Modified segregation ratios; Multiple allelomorphism; Genetics of sex: sex

determining mechanisms, sex linkage and its variation; Polygenic inheritance, Pleiotropy,

Linkage, crossing over and chromosomal mapping; Extranuclear inheritance.

Practical:

Microscopic studies on animal cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis. Numerical problems

on topics discussed in theory.

Books Recommended:

1. Lew, K.. 2009. Heredity. Infobase Publishing, New York, USA.

2. Klug, W. S., M. R. Cummings, C. A. Spencer. 2006. Concepts of Genetics.

Prentice Hall, Inc., New Jersey, USA.

3. Lewis, R. 2005. Human Genetics. McGraw-Hill Co. Inc., New York, USA.

4. Stansfield, W. E. 1991. Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Genetics.

McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York, USA.

5. Weaver, R. F. and P. W. Hedrick. 1997. Genetics. Wm. C. Brown Publishers,

Dubuque, Iowa, USA.

8

ABG-303 Introductory Molecular Genetics 2(1-1)

Theory:

Biochemical basis of heredity: the nature of genetic material, nucleic acids, structure of

DNA and RNA; DNA replication, transcription, and translation; Protein synthesis and its

regulation. Developmental aspects of genetic control: gene expression and cell

differentiation; Control of gene expression in eukaryotes; Genetic basis of immune

response: components of immune system, immune response, genetic diversity in immune

system; Mutations: gene mutations and their types, variation in chromosome structure

and number; Genetic engineering: basic concepts of recombinant DNA technology, gene

cloning and manipulation, application and future.

Practical:

Demonstration of various cytogenetic techniques, karyotyping and banding, DNA

extraction and gel electrophoresis.

Books Recommended: 1. Hodge, R.. 2009. Genetic Engineering: Manipulating the Mechanisms of Life.

Infobase Publishing, New York, NY.

2. Klug, W. S., M. R. Cummings and C. A. Spencer. 2006. Concepts of Genetics.

Prentice Hall, Inc., New Jersey.

3. Lewis, R. 2005. Human Genetics. McGraw-Hill Co. Inc., New York.

4. Weaver, R. F. and P. W. Hedrick. 1997. Genetics. Wm. C. Brown Publishers,

Dubuque, Iowa.

9

ABG-302 Introductory Population Genetics 2(1-1)

Theory:

Gene and genotypic frequency; Hardy-Weinberg law: forces affecting gene frequency and

composition of population, effective population size; Quantitative characters and their

inheritance; Biometrical concepts in population genetics: measures of central tendency and

dispersion for quantitative traits; Basic theorems of additivity of variance, regression and

correlation concepts; Nature and causes of variation in quantitative traits, partitioning of

hereditary variance; Concepts of heritability and repeatability and methods of their

estimation; Genetic and phenotypic correlations; Genetic basis and causes of variation.

Practical:

Exercises on gene and genotypic frequencies in random mating populations. Numerical

exercises on the estimation of various statistical parameters and hypothesis testing using

computers. Exercises on the estimation of heritabilities, repeatabilities and genetic

correlation from given data. Case studies for lethal, semi-lethal and other genetic

abnormalities in farm animals.

Books Recommended:

1. Hamilton, M. 2009. Population Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, CA, USA

2. Li, C. C. 1988. First Course in Population Genetics. The Box wood Press, Pacific

Grove, California, USA.

3. Legates, J. E. and E. J. Warwick. 1990. Breeding and Improvement of Farm

Animals. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, USA.

4. Nicholas, F. W. 1996. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. Clarendon Press, Oxford,

UK.

10

ABG-304 Principles of Animal Breeding 2(1-1)

Theory:

Selection: natural and artificial selection, methods of selection; tandem method, independent

culling level and selection index. Kinds of selection: mass selection, selection based on

multiple records or lifetime average, pedigree selection, progeny testing, family selection;

Selection for single and multiple traits: correlated response, genetic effects of selection,

methods of assessing genetic progress; Various systems of breeding: random mating;

inbreeding and its effects on small and large populations; line-breeding for increased

prepotency; outbreeding; outcrossing, crossbreeding, grading up, phenotypic assortative

matings. Development of inbred lines; lethal genes; selection for best combining abilities;

reciprocal recurrent selection; Breeding for threshold characters.

Practical:

Estimation of genetic gain; evaluation of livestock on the basis of their own performance,

pedigree and progeny. Calculation of breeding values from single and repeated records.

Measurement of coefficient of relationship and inbreeding by methods of paths and

variance-covariance chart. Measurement of heterosis. Estimation of genetic changes in

performance traits due to various mating systems. Exercises on the feasibility of

purebreeding and crossbreeding in farm animals.

Books Recommended:

1. Bourdon, R. M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper

Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.

2. Lasley, J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall

International Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.



4. Lush, J. L (revised by A. B. Chapman and R. R. Shrode). 1994. The Genetics of

Populations. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.

5. Willis, M. B. 1998. Dalton’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding. Blackwell

Science Ltd., UK.

11

ABG-401 Selection for Economic Traits in Farm Animals 2(1-1)

Theory:

Traits of economic importance in farm animals; selection of dairy heifers and bulls; use of

standardized records; relative economic values, breeding values and selection indices;

crossbreeding for milk and meat production; Traits of economic importance in poultry and

their improvement: formation of breeding stock for layers and broilers; development of dual

purpose birds and rural poultry. National breeding policy for improvement and conservation

of livestock. Review of the animal breeding practices used by the developed countries.

Future breeding plans for genetic improvement of farm animals in different agro-ecological

zones of Pakistan. Emerging bio-technologies for increasing animal productivity.

Practical:

Exercises on the maintenance and standardization of productive and reproductive records.

Estimation of Breeding Values using standardized records. Exercises on the estimation of

relative economic values. Construction of selection indices for large and small animals.

Orientation of computer packages for animal conservation and evaluation.

Books Recommended:

1. Lasley, J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall international

Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.

2. McDowell, R. E. 1994. Dairying with Improved Breeds in Warm Climates. Kinnic

Publishers, Inc., Raleigh, NC. USA.

3. Muir, W. M. and S. E. Aggrey. 2003. Poultry Genetics, Breeding and

Biotechnology. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.

4. Simm, G. 1998. Genetic Improvement of Cattle and Sheep. Farming Press, Miller

Freeman, UK.

12

ABG-403 Animal Breeding Practices 3(2-1)

Theory:

Role of animal breeding in livestock production; Opportunities for breeding and

improvement of farm animals in Pakistan; National breeding policy for improvement and

conservation of livestock; Constraints in improving the productivity of livestock under

traditional breeding systems; Review of the breeding practices used by the developed

countries for increasing the performance of farm animals; Future breeding plans for

improvement of farm animals for increasing productivity in different agro-ecological zones

of Pakistan; Selection as a tool for genetic improvement; Selection protocols for different

recording setups; Crossbreeding for dairy and meat animals; Emerging breeding

technologies for increasing animal productivity.

Practical:

Computation of various productive and reproductive traits in different farm animals from

the available records. Genetic gains and breeding value estimation. Project preparation on

specific topics. Use of internet tools /databases on documentation of animal genetic

resources.

Books Recommended:

1. Bourdon, R. M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper


2. CUSOTA. 1991. U.S. Dairy Industry at a Crossroad: Biotechnology and Policy

Choices. Congress of the United States, Office of the Technology Assessment.

U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA.

3. McDowell, R. E. 1994. Dairying with Improved Breeds in Warm Climates.

Kinnic Publishers, Inc., Raleigh, NC, USA.

4. MINFAL. 1991. National Agricultural Policy. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and

Cooperatives. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

13

ABG-405 Beef Breeding 3(2-1)

Theory:

Beef breeds of the world: tropical breeds; indigenous resources for beef production;

Fundamentals of genetic selection; traits of economic importance; genetic control and

correlations; performance recording and testing; breeding plans: crossbreeding and breed

complementarity’s; implementation of beef improvement programs, use of

biotechnologies; beef breeding and genomics; development of new beef breed; Policy

options for beef breeding in Pakistan.

Practical:

Numerical related to estimation of breeding values, genetic gains and animal selection,

Visit of livestock farms.

Books Recommended:

1. Adams, J. R (coordinating editor). 2008. Cow-Calf Management Guide & Cattle

Producer's Library. J. R. Adams Publishing, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID,

USA.

2. BIF (Beef Improvement Federation). 2008. Proc. 40th Annual Research

Symposium and Annual Meeting. Calgary, Alberta (June 30–July 3, 2008).

3. Bourdon, R.M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice Hall, Upper

Saddle River, NJ, USA.

4. Thomas, H.S. 1998. Storey’s guide to raising beef cattle: Health, Handling,

Breeding. Storey Publishing LLC, North Adams, MA, USA.

5. Willis, M.B. 1998. Daltons’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding.

Blackwell Science Ltd. UK.

14

ABG-407 Dairy Animal Breeding 3(2-1)

Theory:

Dairy breeds of cattle and buffaloes; Economic traits and their genetic control, Selection

and breeding for milk, fat and other economic traits; Pure vs crossbreeding; Breeding

value estimation; optimizing genetic progress; Performance recording and

selection/culling decisions; Understanding sire summaries; Application of

biotechnologies in cattle improvement; Application of genomics; Documentation and

conservation of indigenous breeds.

Practical:

Exercises in cattle and buffalo characterization, data recording, animal evaluation,

interpretation of sire summaries.

Books Recommended:

1. Bourdon, R.M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice Hall, Upper

Saddle River, NJ, USA.

2. FAO. 2007. State of World’s Animal Genetic Resources.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1250e/a1250e00.htm

3. Fries, R. and A. Ruvinsky. 1999. The Genetics of Cattle. CABI, Wallingford, UK.

4. Roginski, H., J. W. Fuquay and P.F. Fox (eds.). 2002. Encyclopedia of Dairy

Sciences: Academic Press, London, UK.

5. Simm, G. 1998. Genetic Improvement of Cattle and Sheep. Farming Press, Miller

Freeman, UK.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1250e/a1250e00.htm

15

ABG-409 International Animal Breeding 3(3-0)

Theory:

The state of the world’s animal genetic resources; Animal genetic resources of Pakistan

and south east Asia; International efforts for the conservation and development of animal

genetic resources; Biological, political, social and economic factors affecting

international animal breeding; Implication of biotechnology in animal breeding;

Development of new breeds; Importance of Traditional knowledge in animal breeding;

Opportunities for breeding and improvement of farm animals in various regions of the

world; Intellectual property rights (IPR); Documentaries of animal genetic resources.

Books Recommended:

1. FAO. 2007. Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and the

Interlaken Declaration. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,

Rome.

2. FAO. 2007. The State of World’s Animal Genetics Resources for Food and

Agriculture. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food

and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

3. Oldenbroek, J. K., 1999. Gene Banks and Conservation of Farm Animal Genetic

Resources. DLO Institute for Animal Science and Health, The Netherlands.

16

LM-301 Management of Dairy Animals 2(1-1)

Theory

Scope and importance of the dairy industry of Pakistan; characteristics of local, exotic

and crossbred dairy animals; principles of profitable dairy production; buffalo and cow

as major dairy animals; camel as a dairy animal; selection of dairy animals; establishing

a dairy enterprise; raising replacement stock; management of sire, pregnant and lactating

animals; significance of dry buffalo/cow therapy; thermal stress and buffalo/cow

performance; feeding for economical milk production; an ideal udder; defects of udder;

plans and specifications for dairy buildings and equipment; record keeping; dairy herd

improvement associations; dairy system models; modern trends in dairy industry; buying

and selling guide; prophylactic measures; common ailments.

Practical

Demonstration of characteristics of an ideal dairy animal; judging, selection and use of

score cards; body condition scoring; weaning practices; care, handling and feeding of

calves; milking practice (hand/machine milking); identification of dairy breeds; design

and layout plans for dairy buildings; demonstration of dehorning/disbudding, castration,

extra teat removal, teat dipping, hoof trimming, etc; dry cow/buffalo management;

planning for year round fodder availability; fodder preservation practices; preparing

feasibility reports; use of computer for record keeping; visit to dairy farms and shows.

Books Recommended

1. Bath, D.L., F.N. Tucker and R.D. Appleman. 1985. Dairy Cattle: Principles,

Practices, Problems Profits. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.

2. Bilal, M.Q. and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hysience and Disease Prevention: Bilal

and Usman printers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

3. Ensminger, M.E. 1993. Dairy Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers, Danville,

Illinois, USA.

4. Khan.B.B., (Ed.) 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak.TM.

Printers, Faisalabad.

5. Van Horn, H.H. and C.J. Wilcox. 1992. Large Dairy Herd Management.

American Dairy Sci. Assoc., Savoy, II, USA.

17

LM-302 Range Livestock Production 2(1-1)

Theory

Introduction to ranges; basic concepts and terminology; range statistics; ecological zones

of world/Pakistan; soil, plant and animal relationship; various range animals; range

management policy; vegetation manipulation and other tools for improvement; important

range and cultivated grasses; trees and shrubs as animal feed; grazing management

systems and supplementary feeding; grazing capacity and stocking rates; effect of

climate on animals and vegetation; shelter on ranges and fence types; wild animals;

poisonous plants, their hazards and prophylactic measures on ranges.

Practical

Identification of various range grasses, trees, shrubs and cultivated forages;

preservation/mounting of important range grass samples; determining range carrying

capacity and forage production, animal units and stocking rates; animal take off rate;

visit to rangelands.

Books Recommended

1. Heady, H.F. 1975. Rangeland Management. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York,

USA.

2. Muhammad, N. 1989. Rangeland Management in Pakistan. International Center for

Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.

3. Quraishi, M.A.A., G.S. Khan and M.S. Yaqoob. 1993. Range Management in

Pakistan. Kazi Publications, Ganpat Road, Lahore.

4. Quraishi, M.A.A., M.Ishaque and R.A. Khan. 2000. Field Exercises in Range

management and Wildlife. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

18

LM-304 Principles of Small Ruminant Production 2(1-1)

Theory Domestication, scope of small ruminant industry in Pakistan; share in national economy;

world distribution; feeding, breeding, selection, kidding/lambing, rearing and housing;

nursing orphan kids/lambs; systems of production; sheep and goat as meat and dairy

animals; systems of production; measures for increased production; establishing

commercial flocks; economics of sheep and goat production; preparing feasibility

reports; characteristics and utility of wool, hair/mohair; shearing and handling wool/hair;

sheep and goats on ranges; transportation and marketing; slaughter and flaying; showing

of sheep/goats; keeping flock healthy; common ailments.

Practical

Identification of different sheep and goat breeds; judging for milk, meat and wool/hair

production; farm practices such as castration, hoof trimming, condition scoring; feeding

lambs/kids, identification, docking, drenching, dipping and spraying; dentition; use of

marking harness, housing plans, shearing and handling; grading and sorting wool;

studying characteristics of hair, wool and mohair in the lab; flaying and skin

preservation; various farm records; practical prophylactic measures; shepherd calendar;

visit to sheep and goat farms.

Books Recommended:

1. Khan, B.B., A. Iqbal and M.I. Mustafa. 2003. Sheep and Goat Production.

Department of Livestock Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,

Pakistan.

2. Mackintosh, J.B. 1993. Sheep Production in Pakistan. PARC., P.O. Box: 1031,

Islamabad.

3. Sinn, Rosalee and P. Rudenberg. 2008. Raising Goats-for Milk and Meat. Heifer

International, I World Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72202.

4. Solaiman, S.G. 2010. Goat Science and Production. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.

19

LM-401 Principles of Milk Production 2(1-1)

Theory

Structure and functions of mammary gland; blood and nerve supply to the udder;

mammogenesis, lactogenesis and galactopoises; synthesis of milk; milk ejection- neural

and hormonal component; milking methods; factors affecting milk production and

composition; measure to increase milk production; common malpractices used in milk

production; physical and chemical properties of milk; hygienic milk production;

collection and transportation, processing and marketing of milk; dairy products; milk

ordinance, milk borne diseases.

Practical

Milking practice; hand versus machine milking; milk let down and its inhibition;

removal of residual milk; milking time hygiene, screening tests, macro and micro

structure of udder; analysis of milk; cleaning and sanitizing of barns and equipment; visit

to milk processing plants.

Books Recommended

1. Bilal, M.Q. and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Usman and

Bilal Printers and Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

2. Davis, J.G. 1994. Milk Testing. Agro-Botanical Pub. India.

3. Khan B. B. (Ed.) 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak T. M. Printers,

Faisalabad, Pakistan

4. Larson, B.L. 1985. Lactation. The Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames Iowa, USA.

5. Schmidt, G.H. L.D. Van Vlek and M.F. Hutjenes. 1988. Principles of Dairy Science.

2nd Ed. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.

20

LM-403 Principles of Meat Production 3(2-1)

Theory

Development of meat industry in Pakistan; important mutton, beef and dual purpose

breeds; meat terminology; systems of meat animal production; breeding and feeding

management; veal and dairy beef; species-wise off take rate; carcass evaluation; cuts

and meat grades; feed additives for enhanced growth and fattening; growth rate and

fattening potential of indigenous livestock breeds; factors affecting carcass and meat

quality; pre-slaughter handling of meat animals; post slaughter changes in carcass;

spoilage of meat; hygienic meat production, storage and preservation; buffalo and camel

as beef animals; marketing of meat animals and meat; economics of meat production;

meat by-products; feasibility reports; modern abattoirs.

Practical

Body conformation of beef/meat animals; dressing percentage; carcass composition and

cuts; judging meat animals; condition scoring of meat animals; preparing animals for

slaughter house; scoring carcass conformation and fatness; humane handling and animal

welfare; slaughterhouse management; practical tips for housing and feeding of meat

animals; visit to slaughterhouses and feed lots; designing modern slaughterhouses.

Books Recommended

1. Ensminger, M.E. 1990. Beef Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers and Publishers,

Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA.

2. Hill, D. 1990. Cattle and Beef Production in the Tropics. ELBS (Ed), Longman,

Singapore.

3. Lawrie, R.A. 1991. Meat Science (5th Ed.) Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.

4. Phillips, C.J.C. 2001. Principles of Cattle Production. CABI Publishing, CAB

International Wallingford, Oxon, UK.

5. Romans, J.R., W.J. Costello, C.W. Carlson, M.L. Greaser and K.W. Jones. 1994. The

Meat We Eat. Interstate Publishers Inc., Danville, IL.

21

LM-405 Draught Animal Production 3(2-1)

Theory

Contribution of draught animals to agriculture and national economy; draught animal vs.

mechanical power; types and breeds of draught animals; selection, housing; management

and feeding during work and rest; work performance and energetics; comparative

efficiency of draught animals; types of harnesses and equipments; ailments of draught

animals, their welfare and prospects in Pakistan.

Practical

Breaking and training of draught animals; measuring draught power and efficiency; use

of different types of harnesses; examination and certification of draught animals for

soundness. Books Recommended 1. Payne, W.A.J. 1999. An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. ELBS.

Longman, Singapore.

2. Kacker, R.N. and B.S. Panwar. 1996. Text Book of Equine Husbandry. Vikas

Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. India.

3. Iqbal, S.I. (Ed.) 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.

4. Khan, B.B., A.Iqbal., and M.Riaz. 2003 Production and Management of Camels.

Pak. TM. Printers Faisalabad, Pakistan.

5. Khan, B.B., A. Iqbal., M. Yaqoob and M. Riaz. 2005. Husbandry and Health of

Horse. Pak. TM. Printers Faisalabad, Pakistan.

22

LM-407 Behavior and Welfare of Farm Animals 3(2-1)

Theory

Basic terminology of behavior and welfare; development of behavior, basic concepts;

why to study behavior; behavioral profiles of farm animals (dairy animals, small

ruminants, equines and camels); types of animal behavior; communication; hormones

and behavior; behavior in relation to training, handling, feeding, transport and slaughter

of animals; animal well-being (the ultimate goal); rights of animals (legal and moral);

eliminating all sorts of stress.

Practical

Methods of assessing behavior; demonstration about five freedoms; observing

territoriality, social behavior including courtship, mate guarding, mate choice and play

behavior; determining flight and fight zones in various species; observing aggressive,

sexual and eliminative behavior and observing cases of undue stress on account of

beating, exposure to severe hot and cold weather, carelessness in feeding, overcrowding,

overloading, underfeeding and overworking by lame, emaciated and diseased animals,

then writing report based on these observations.

Books Recommended

1. Blackshaw, J.K. 2003. Notes on some topics of Applied Animal Behavior. School

of Vet. Sci., Univ. of Queensland, Australia.

2. Goodenough, J. et al. 1993. Perspectives of Animal Behavior. John Wiley and

Sons, New York.

3. Prasad, S. 2004. Animal Behavior. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi,

India.

4. Yadav, P.R. 2007. Animal Behavior. Campus Books International, New Delhi,

India.

5. Ruhela, A. and M. Sinha.2010. Recent Trends in Animal Behaviour. Mehra

Offset Press, Delhi, India.

23

ANFT-301 Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition 2(1-1)

Theory

History, scope and development of science of nutrition; basic terms used in animal

nutrition; feed resources and their classification; plant animal relationship; digestive

organs and processes in different species of animals; absorption of nutrients in different

species; voluntary feed intake; essential nutrients: their classification and functions;

water: its importance and effects of deprivation; factors affecting water balance in animal

body; nutrition in relation to body maintenance; growth and production.

Practical

Parts of digestive system in ruminant and monogastric animals; Identification of feeds

through visual and microscopic methods; Physical characteristics of common feeds;

Procurement of feed samples and their preparation; Introduction to feed analysis scheme.

Books Recommended

1. Maynard, L.A., J. K. Loosli, H.F. Hintz and R. G. Warner. 1991. Animal Nutrition.

7th Ed. McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA.

2. Ensminger, M.E., J. E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.

Ensminger publishing Co. 648 West Sierra Avenue Clovis, California, USA

24

ANFT-303 Metabolism of Primary Nutrients 2(1-1)

Theory

Metabolic functions of water; metabolism of carbohydrates, classification, digestion,

absorption and utilization in monogastric and ruminant animals; glycolysis; lactic acid

and volatile fatty acid fermentation, citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway,

gluconeogenesis; glycogenesis and glycogenolysis; metabolism of lipids; classification,

digestion, absorption, and utilization in monogastric and ruminant animals; beta oxidation

of fatty acids; fate of glycerol with respect of fat synthesis, glucose/glycogen syntheses

and its oxidation; storage of fat; catabolism of fat and ketosis; metabolism of proteins,

classification, digestion, absorption and utilization in monogastric and ruminant animals;

essential and non-essential amino acids, protein quality; fate of absorbed amino acids;

transamination; deamination; deamidation; transmethylation; decarboxylation and

interconversion of amino acids; utilization of non- protein nitrogenous compounds in

ruminants

Practical

Proximate analysis of feeds and feed ingredients; determination of dry matter, crude

protein, ether extract, crude fiber and total ash; acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral

detergent fibre (NDF) analysis

Books Recommended

1. Maynard, L.A., J. K. Loosli, H.F. Hintz and R. G. Warner. 1991. Animal Nutrition.

7th Ed. McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA.

2. Stryer, L. 1988. Biochemistry. W.H. freeman and company, New York, USA

3. Pond, W. G., D.C. Church and K.R. Pond. 1995. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding.

4th Ed. John Willey and Sons, New York, USA.

4. Sarwar, M. and Zia-ul-Hasan. 2000. Nutrient Metabolism in Ruminants. University of

Agriculture Press, Faisalabad.

25

ANFT-302 Minerals and Vitamins in Nutrition 2(1-1)

Theory

Historical perspective of minerals and vitamins; essential mineral elements and their

distribution in living body; classification and their functions; interrelationship and

deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, iron,

copper, cobalt, manganese, iodine, molybdenum, fluorine, zinc and selenium;

relationship of minerals with dietary components and mineral toxicity; vitamin:

classification, chemical structure and function of vitamin A, D, E, K, C, and B-complex,

deficiencies, hypervitaminosis; interrelationship among vitamins and other nutrients;

different sources of minerals and vitamins.

Practical

Preparation of feed samples for mineral and vitamin analysis; Demonstration of

analytical techniques for mineral and vitamin analysis.

Books Recommended

1. Ensminger, M.E., J. E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and

Nutrition. Ensminger publishing Co. 648 West Sierra Avenue Clovis, California,

USA

2. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J. F.D. Greenhalf and C.A. Morgan, 2008. Animal

Nutrition. 6th Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical Publisher, UK.

3. Maynard, L.A., J. K. Loosli, H.F. Hintz and R. G. Warner. 1991. Animal

Nutrition. 7th Ed. McGraw-Hill Co., New York, USA.

26

ANFT-304 Nutrient Requirements of Farm Animals 2(2-1)

Theory

Feeding standards, history, usefulness and limitations; nutrient requirements of cattle,

buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels and horses for maintenance, growth, production and

reproduction; measurement of body needs, digestibility and balance trials; factors

affecting digestibility and balance of nutrients; respiratory quotients; partitioning of

nutrients in the body; factors governing energy; protein; minerals and vitamins needs of

farm animals; concept of rumen bypass nutrients.

Practical

Determination of nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance; Determination of energy

value of feedstuffs; demonstration of in sacco technique.

Books Recommended

1. Ensminger, M.E. and J.E. Old field and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.

The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.



3. NRC. 2000. Nutritional Requirements of Beef cattle. 7th Edition. National Academy

Press. Washington USA.

4. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th revised edition. National

Academy Press, Washington D.C. USA

5. Pathak, N.N. 2000. Nutrient Requirement of Buffalo. Deradoon International Books,

India.

27

ANFT-403 Principles of Poultry Nutrition 2(1-1)

Theory

Sources and classification of nutrients and their functions; digestion and absorption of

nutrients; metabolism of water, carbohydrates, protein and fats; hormonal control of

metabolism; nutritional diseases caused by vitamins and minerals deficiencies; feed

additives, antibiotics, coccidiostats, antioxidants, probiotics, enzymes, metabolic

antagonistics and incompatibilities in mixed feed, stability, availability, vitamin,

antagonists, amino acids, antimetabolites, goitrogens; drug toxicities; toxic substances in

poultry feed; optimum levels of essential nutrients in poultry rations; amino acids and

energy ratio in poultry rations; nutrients requirements of commercial layers, broilers,

breeders, quails, ducks and turkeys.

Practical

Composition of feedstuffs used in poultry rations; characteristics of poultry rations;

formulation of rations for broilers, layers and breeders, quails, ducks, and turkeys;

introduction to computer ration formulation; economics of poultry rations; visits to feed

mills and poultry farms

Books Recommended

1. Daghir, N. J. 1995. Poultry Production in Hot Climates. CAB International, U.K.

2. Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers. 2001. Commercial Poultry 4th (Ed), University Book.

P.O. Box 1326, Guleph, Ontario, Canada.

3. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Academy of Sciences, USA.

4. Singh, R. A. 2004. Poultry Production. Kalyani Publishers. New Delhi, Ludhiana.

28

ANFT-401 Feeding of Farm Animals 3(2-1)

Theory

Feed resources and feeding practices in rural, peri-urban and urban livestock farming;

feeding management of dairy animals in different physiological stages; concept of forage,

concentrate ratios in feeding allowances; forages, nutrient composition, conservation and

system of utilization; drought feeding; treatment of low quality roughages; rumen

development and feeding of young calves; feeding practices of small ruminants;

nutritional management of grazing livestock; utilization of non-conventional feed

resources; principles of feed supplementation; feeding problems and nutritional disorders.

Practical

Principles of balanced ration; formulation of least cost balanced rations for different

classes of farm animals; planning and demonstration of feeding trials; treatment of crop

residues.

Books Recommended

1. Cheeke, P. R. 1991. Applied Animal Nutrition: Feeds and Feeding. Prentice Hall

International, London, U.K.

2. Ensminger M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.

The Ensminger Publishing Co. Clovis, California, USA.



4. Tilden W. P. and R. S. Lowrey. 2004. Feeds and Feeding 6th Ed. Prentice Hall Upper


29

ANFT-405 Feed Evaluation, Formulation and Processing Technology 3(2-1)

Theory

Techniques for estimating nutritive value of feed stuffs an their validity; in vivo and

laboratory techniques; factors affecting the nutritive value of feeds; measures of protein

quality for monogastric; protein efficiency ratio, gross protein value; the essential amino

acid index; protein evaluation systems for ruminants; natural toxicants of feeds and

detoxification; feeding systems for livestock and poultry; raw feed material handling and

storage; mixing, processing and storage of finished feed; quality control in feed

processing; forms of feeds and least cost ration formulation for ruminant livestock;

equine, pets and poultry; feed stuff laws and regulations.

Practical

Use of computer for least cost feed formulation for various classes of livestock and

poultry; availability pattern of feed stuffs in local market and their price structures;

manufacturing of wholesome feed; demonstration of feeding trials for estimating feed

efficiency; visit of feed mills.

Books Recommended

1. Anonymous. 2003. Commercial and Farm Bins. Owner/Operator’s Manual Book

2. Banerjee, G.C. 1999. Feeds and Principles of Animal Nutrition. Oxford, IBH

Publishing Co., Pvt., Ltd. New Delhi, India.

3. Cheeke, P.R. 1992. Applied Animal Nutrition. Feeds and Feeding. Delmar Publisher,

Canada.

4. Ensminger, M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition

Digest. The Ensminger Publishing Co. Clovis, California, USA

5. McEllihiney, R.R. 1994. Feed Manufacturing Technology IV. American Feed

Industry Association, Co., Clovis, California, USA

30

PS-301 Introduction to Poultry Science 2(1-1)

Theory:

Importance of poultry science; classification of world poultry; poultry breeds and their

characteristics; strains for egg and meat production; incubation methods; principles of

poultry housing; equipments used in poultry production; poultry feeding and its

significance; selection and culling in poultry; waste management; rural poultry

production; bio-security measures; record keeping.

Practical:

Description and demonstration of different poultry breeds; body parts of chicken,

structure of an egg; demonstration of incubators; poultry housing types; selection and

culling techniques; dead bird disposal pit; visits to commercial poultry farms.

Books Recommended:

1. Brown, T. 2010. Poultry Farming. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell

Crescent Oakville ON L6L 0A2.

2. Donald, D. B. and W D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg

Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.

3. Prasad, J. 2008. Poultry Production and Management. 3rd Edition. Kalyani Publishers,

New Delhi, India.

4. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar. 2004. Poultry Farming. Higher Education Commission, H-9,

Islamabad, Pakistan.

31

PS-303 Incubation Principles and Hatchery Management 2(1-1)

Theory:

History, development and scope of hatchery industry in Pakistan; collection, handling,

selection, fumigation, storage and transport of hatching eggs; seasonal hatching;

incubation methods; types of incubators and incubation requirements; role of computer in

modern hatchery operations; setting and candling of eggs; daily changes in embryonic

development during incubation, physical act of hatching; factors influencing fertility,

hatchability and quality of chicks; taking off hatch; hatchery services; hatchery sanitation

and waste disposal; trouble shooting during incubation; incubation records.

Practical:

Planning and designing of hatchery; practices regarding collection, selection, cleaning,

fumigation and storage of hatching eggs; demonstration of parts of incubators; setting and

candling of hatching eggs; handling of incubators; disinfection and fumigation of

incubators; observing daily changes during embryonic development; sexing, grading,

detoeing, and dubbing of day old chicks; examining malposition of embryo; dead embryo

and dead in shell; estimation of fertility and hatchability. Trouble tracing chart of the

chick embryo; feasibility report of hatchery, visits to commercial hatcheries.

Books Recommended:



2. Donald, D. B and W D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg


3. Lakhotia, R.L. 2003. Poultry Eggs. Agrobios, Jodhpur, India.

4. Taylor, L.W. 2003. Fertility and Hatchability of Chicken and Turkey Egg.

International book distributing company, Lucknow, India.

32

PS-302 Poultry Farm Management 2(1-1)

Theory:

Preparation for receiving day old chicks; brooding requirements and management of

chicks; rearing of young stock; shifting and housing of pullets; cage vs. floor

management; raising broilers, layers and breeders; management of quails, ducks, geese,

peafowl, ostrich and turkeys; feeding practices for broilers, layers and breeders; light

management; causes of poor performance of layer and breeder flocks; managerial

practices to boost egg and meat production; management of flock during hot and cold

climates; cannibalism, vices and their remedies in poultry; induced moulting of spent

layers and breeders; trouble shooting in poultry farms; poultry welfare; poultry waste

disposal; characteristics of an ideal poultry farm manager; cost benefit ratio of different

poultry enterprises; significance of record keeping; use of computers in record keeping.

Practical:

Demonstration and handling of various types of brooders; vaccination, medication, beak

trimming and detoeing techniques; remedies for different vices in poultry; application of

induced moulting techniques; preparation of birds for transportation; computerized record

keeping at farms, feasibility report of 1000 broiler, layer and breeder flocks.

Books Recommended:



2. Prasad, J. 2008. Poultry Production and Management. 3rd Edition. Kalyani Publishers,

New Delhi, India.

3. Donald, D. B. and W. D. Weaver, Jr. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg


4. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar. 2004. Poultry Farming. Higher Education Commission, H-9,

Islamabad, Pakistan.

5. Jull, M.A., 2003. Successful Poultry Management. Bio-Tech Books Delhi. India.

33

PS-304 Poultry Housing and Equipments 2(1-1)

Theory:

Importance and purpose of poultry housing; poultry housing systems; types and styles of

poultry houses; selection of site and location of poultry house; construction of poultry

farm buildings; light, gas and water fittings in poultry houses; heating and cooling

systems; role of house design, insulation, ventilation in environment control housing;

opens-sided and environmentally controlled housing; brooding, rearing and laying house

equipments; feeding and watering systems; automation in housing, equipments and

effective climatic control in poultry houses; feasibility report of poultry housing.

Practical:

Basic principles for site selection and poultry house construction. Demonstration of

poultry farm buildings; designing of farm buildings; poultry house insulation materials;

demonstration and operation of poultry farm equipments; automatic feeding and watering

systems and its trouble shooting, poultry housing practices. Visit to poultry farms.

Books Recommended:

1. Sonaiya, E.B. and S.E.J. Swan. 2008. Small Scale Poultry Production. Discovery

Publishing House, New Delhi, India.

2. Donald, D. B. and W.D. Weaver, Jr. 5th Edition. 2007. Commercial Chicken Meat

and Egg Production. Springer Pvt. Ltd., India.

3. Maton, A., J. Daelemans and J. Lambrecht. 1985. Housing of Animals: Construction

and Equipments of Animal House. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The

Netherlands.

4. Batty, J. and H. Batty. 1976. Poultry Houses and Appliances. Spur Publications Co.,

Hill brow, Hampshire, U.K.

34

PS-403 Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention 2(1-1)

Theory:

Importance of poultry hygiene and disease prevention; terms related to poultry diseases;

disinfectants and their application; cleaning and disinfection of poultry houses and

equipments; fumigation and its importance; prophylactic measures against bacterial,

viral, parasitic and mycotic diseases; nutritional disorders and their prevention; bio-

security measures; significance of drinking water in relation to diseases; practices to

control vertically and horizontally transmitted diseases.

Practical:

Poultry carcass inspection; blood and carcass specimen collection and dispatch to

diagnostic laboratory; vaccines and vaccination; disinfectants, medicines and vaccines

available in market; common practices for bio-security measures; dead bird disposal; visit

to poultry disease diagnostic laboratory.

Books Recommended:



2. Chauhan, H.V.S. and S. Roy. 3rd Edition. 2007. Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and

Treatment. New age International Publishers Ltd., New Delhi, India.

3. Vegad, J.L. 2007. A Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases. International Book

Distributing Co. Lucknow, India.

4. Vegad, J.L. 2004. Poultry Diseases: A Guide for Farmers and Poultry Professionals.

International Book Distributors Co. Lucknow, India.

5. Haq, A. and T. Ahmed. 2001. Poultry Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Pak Book

Empire, Lahore.

35

PS-401 Poultry Feeding Practices 3(2-1)

Theory:

Importance of poultry feeding, principles of poultry feeding; common feedstuffs used in

poultry rations; poultry feed formulation; feeding methods and their advantages; forms of

feed; feed and water quality in relation to performance of chickens; factors affecting

quality of feeds; measures to avoid feed toxicity; manual versus automatic feeding

systems; feed and water space requirements; poultry feed additives; storage of poultry

feed to maintain quality; types of poultry diets; poultry feeding strategies during hot and

cold climate; measures to avoid wastage of feed.

Practical:

Different feeding methods; feeding practices; evaluation of poultry feed by gross

examination; storage of commercial feed at farm; mixing of feed additives in poultry

feed; home feed mixing; economics of home feed mixing; visit to commercial feed mill

and environment controlled poultry houses.

Books Recommended:





3. Ramsubba, R.V. and Dinesh, T. Bhosale. 2004. Handbook of Poultry Nutrition.

International Book Distribution Co. Lucknow, India.

4. Austic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim. 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger,

Phildelphia, USA.

36

ANAT-301 Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy 3(2-1)

Theory:

Anatomical terminology; classification and functions of skeleton; muscular and nervous

system; skeletal muscles and their function; muscle contraction; levers; neurons;

receptors; the reflex arc; digestive system; the mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands,

pharynx, oesophagus, ruminant and non-ruminant, stomach, intestines, pancreas. liver

and spleen; the peritoneum; respiratory system: the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

and trachea; pleura and lungs; urinary system: the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and

urethra; genital system: male genital organs including scrotum, testes, spermatic cord,

vesiculae seminalis, prostate, uterus masculinus, bulbourethra glands and the penis;

female genital organs including ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva and

mammary glands; endocrine glands, hypophysis cerebri, epiphysis cercbri, thyroid,

parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovary and testes; angiology study of heart, pericardium

and major arteries and veins; superficial lymph glands; anesthesiology: study of sense

organs and the common integument.

Practicals

Identification of the various bones, Ligaments, tendons and their attachment to the bones

of different domestic animals; form, structure and topographical study of various organs

located in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities of different domestic animals.

Books Recommended:

1. Frandson, R.D. 1975. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals.

Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, U.S.A.

2. Sisson, A. and Grossman. J.D. 1972. Anatomy of Domestic Animals.

W,B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, U.S.A.

3. Ankers R.M. and D.M. Denbow, 2008. Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic

Animal. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK.

37

PHYS-301 Introduction to Animal Physiology 3(2-1)

Theory:

Introduction: Intracellular organization and physiology; body fluids, blood, lymph,

cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid. blood circulation and cardiovascular system:

physiological properties and cellular and chemical constituents of blood, blood

coagulation, blood groups and their importance in livestock; the conduction system of the

heart; regulation of cardiac out put, regulation of the heart and blood vessels; regional

circulation and pulmonary circulation; respiratory system: mechanism of respiration,

types of breathing, air volumes and capacities exchange of gases, control of respiration,

artificial respiration; digestive system: ingestion of food by various animals, mastication,

salivation and deglutition, functions of saliva; simple stomach digestion: gastro-intestinal

motility, secretions and functions, liver and pancreatic secretion and functions. digestion

in the ruminant stomach; rumination, fermentation, functions of omasum and abomasum,

absorption from stomach and intestines; water balance and excretion: electrolytes,

physiology of the kidney and physiology of the skin; endocrine glands and their

secretions and functions; physiology of lactation; nervous system; spinal cord and brain

functions, autonomic nervous system.

Practicals

Introduction of various laboratory instruments; collection of blood in different species of

animals and use of anticoagulants; measurements of normal pulse, respiration and rectal

temperature; hematological experiments; determination of blood groups; determination of

blood pressure; determination of various lung capacities & volumes; urine examination

for normal constituents; microscopic examination of urine; test for saliva; dissection for

location of endocrine glands in rat and chicken; visit to university farm for observation on

prehension; mastication and rumination of domestic animals; observation on the stomach

of buffalo, cattle and camel.

Books Recommended

1. Cunningham, J.G. and G.K. Bradley. 2007. Text Book of Veterinary Physiology.

4th Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

2. Mohrman, D.E. and L.J. Heller. 2006. Cardiovascular Physiology. McGraw Hill

Co., New York.

3. Swenson J. and W.O. Reece, 2004. Duke’s Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th

Ed. Comstock Publishing Associates. A Division of Cornell University Press,

Ithaca, USA.

4. Rahman, Z.U., B. Aslam and T. Khaliq, 2010. Physiology-I. Department of

Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. 5th Ed. ISBN

978-969-8237-52-3.

5. Ankers R.M. and D.M. Denbow, 2008. Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic

Animal. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK.

38

MED-302 Introduction to Farm Animal Health 3(2-1)

Theory:

Concept of farm animal medicine/herd medicine; methods of prevention and control of

diseases in farm animals; recognition of systemic disorders and introduction to bacterial,

viral, fungal, parasitic and metabolic disorders in farm animals; biosecurity on farms;

systemic disorders: chocking, indigestion, impaction, colic, tympany, pneumonia and

mange etc. bacterial diseases: mastitis, hemorrhagic septicemia, black leg, salmonellosis,

tuberculosis, paratuberculosis brucellosis, actinobacillosis, actinomycosis, malignant

oedema, mycoplasmosis, q-fever and bovine farcy; viral diseases: ephemeral fever, foot

and mouth disease, rinder pest bovine viral diarrhea, bovine malignant catarrah,

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, blue tongue, bovine spongiform encephalopathy,

fungal diseases: ring worm, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophilosis, candidiasis,

deg-nala disease and mycotoxicosis; parasitic diseases: cocccidiosis, babesiosis, and

theileriosis, diseases caused by nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and arthopodes.

metabolic disorders and deficiency diseases: parturient haemoglobinuria, milk fever,

transit tetany, lactation tetany, hypomagnasemic tetany, ketosis, vitamins and mineral

deficiencies/imbalances; poultry: gumboro, ND, pullorum, CRD etc.

Practical:

Vaccination and deworming schedule for farm animals; mastitis microbiology, sensitivity

profiling, evaluation of mastitis treatment formulations and teat dips; screening tests of

mastitis; evaluation of milking machine; microbiological examination of milk and other

dairy products for potential human health pathogens, diagnostic techniques for

brucellosis, glanders, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, hydatidosis etc;detection of antibiotic

residues in milk and other dairy products; manual and computerized farm records.

Books Recommended:

1. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P.D. Constable, 2007.

Veterinary Medicine- A Textbook of the Disease of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats

and Horses. 10th Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

2. Kahrs, R., 2001. Viral Disease of Cattle, Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford, UK.

3. Khan, B.B., 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak Printers,

Faisalabad.

4. Hungerford, T.G., 1991. Hungerford’s Disease of Livestock. 9th Ed. McGraw-Hill

Book Company Sydney, Australia.

39

AR-401 Introduction to Animal Reproduction 3(2-1)

Theory:

Physiology of female reproduction: puberty and breeding season in farm animals;

hormones of hypothalamus, pituitary, placenta, ovaries and uterus; oestrous cycle,

oogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, gestation and parturition; involution of uterus and

post-partum ovarian activity; methods of heat detection and pregnancy diagnosis.

reproductive efficiency parameters; factors affecting the reproductive efficiency of farm

animals; physiology of male reproduction: puberty in farm animals; hormone of the

testes; spermatogenesis; methods of semen collection; physical characteristics of the

semen of farm animals; artificial insemination.

Practical:

Functional anatomy of male and female reproductive system; in vitro palpation of female

reproductive organs for anatomical and morphological study; observation of oestral

activity; breeding soundness examination of the bull: physical examination of the bull;

preparation of artificial vagina; semen collection and evaluation.

Books Recommended:

1. Hafez, E.S.E, and B. Hafez 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals, 7th Ed., Lea

and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.

2. Salisbury, G.W., N. L. Van-Demark and J. R. Lodge, 1978. Physiology of

Reproduction and Artificial Insemination in Cattle. 2nd Ed., W. H. Freeman and

Co. San Francisco, USA.

3. Ball, P.J.H. and A.R. Peters. 2004. Reproduction in Cattle. 3rd Ed., Blackwell

Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK.

4. I.A.E.A. 2007. Improving the Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle

subjected to Artificial Insemination. Joint FAO/IAEA Program of Nuclear

Technique in Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome.

40

Supporting course for B.Sc. (Hons.) Agricultural Sciences (2nd Semester)

&

Elective Courses for B.Sc. (Hons.) Agricultural Sciences (4th Semester)

41

AH-102 Introduction to Animal Husbandry 4(2-2)

Theory:

Introduction to genetics; basic concepts and role in animal breeding; breeds of livestock;

breeds of milch; draught and dual-purpose cattle; breeds of buffaloes, breeds of sheep and

goats; breeding: reproductive cycle, age at puberty, breeding season, gestation, fertility

and sterility and artificial breeding; systems of breeding; principles of selection, bio-

technological techniques in animal breeding and genetics; importance of livestock; zoological classification; livestock population and products; common

terminology; brief review of principles of livestock management; farm

records; livestock housing; gross composition of milk of various species; milk

products; transportation and welfare of farm animals; basic terms in animal

nutrition; common feeds and their classification; feeding standards, their

evaluation, usefulness and limitations, nutrients and their functions, rumen

micro flora and factors affecting digestion of cellulose and urea in ruminants,

basic principles of feeding dry, milking and pregnant animals; poultry industry

and its importance; classes, breeds, and varieties of poultry and their

characteristics; selection, care and storage of hatching eggs; types of incubators

and incubation requirements; types of brooders and brooding

requirements; broiler management; layer management; housing at id equipment

for poultry birds.

Practical:

Demonstration and identification of various breeds of livestock; male and female

reproductive organs; exercises on topics related to breeding and selection; body points

of animals; identification and application of various management tools; handling

and restraining of animals; grooming and cleaning of animals; various housing

plans, milk quality analyses; identification of feed samples: formulation of

balanced ration for sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes; visit to livestock

shows/farms; demonstration of different poultry breeds, selection of hatching,

eggs; handling of incubators and brooders, handling of various farm

equipments, various managemental practices at poultry farm.

Books recommended:

1. Benerjee, G.C. 1998. A Textbook of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publ.

Co., New Dehli, India.

2. Lasley. J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall


3. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar 2004, Poultry Farming. Higher Education Commission.

H-9, Islamabad, Pakiktan.

4. Khan,B.B. M. Yaqoob, M,Riaz/.. M.Younas and A.14bal 2004. Livestock

Management. Manual. Dept. of Livestock Management, University of

Agriculture Faisalabad.

1.,..

42

5. Khan,B.B., M, Yonas, M.Riaz and M. Yaqoob. 2005. Breeds of

Livestock in

Pakistan. Pak I.M, Printers, Aminpur- Bazar, Faisalabad. Pakistan.

6. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalf and C.A. Morgan. 2008.

Animal Nutrition. (6th Ed.) Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers,

UK. 7. Shah, S.I. (ed.) 1994. Animal 1.1kisbandry. National Book Foundation,

Islamabad.

43

AH-202 Principles of Animal Husbandry 3(2-1)

Theory:

Introduction, present status and future scope of poultry industry; introduction to housing

and equipments; incubation practices; principles of poultry management; principles of

diseases prevention; record keeping; introduction to animal breeding; phenotype and its

components; genetic variation in farm animals; traits of economic importance in farm

animals; genetics improvement, breeding systems, forces that change gene frequency;

genetic parameters, heritability, repeatability, correlations, selection strategies for

different traits of economic importance; modern developments in animal breeding.

Practical:

Demonstration of poultry farm practices; cleaning and disinfections of poultry farm and

incubators; manual vs automatic feeding; beak trimming; fumigation; bio-security

measures; problems related with the topics covered in theory part of ABG.

Books Recommended:

1. Bell, D.D. and W.D. Weaver, 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg

Production. 5th Edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Norwell

Massachausetts 02061, USA.

2. Haq, A. and M. Akhtar, 2004. Poultry Farming, Higher Education

Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan.

3. Singh, R.A. 2004. Poultry Production. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India

4. Bourdon, R. M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice Hall, Upper

Saddle River, NJ., USA.

5. Wills, M.B. 1991. Dalton’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding,

Blackwell publishing, oxford UK.

44

AH-204 Fundamentals of Livestock Production 3(2-1)

Theory

Taxonomic classification of domestic animals; types and breeds of farm animals;

livestock and their products; measures to increase milk and meat production; housing of

farms animals; economics of livestock farming; judging and selection, hygienic milk

production; livestock production systems; animals welfare; prophylactic measures.

Practical

Recognizing various breeds of farm animals; identification; feeding practices;

vaccination; shearing, deworming; record keeping.

Books Recommended

1. Banerjee, G.C. 1998. A Textbook of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publ,

Co., New Delhi, India.

2. Bilal, M.Q., and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Usman

and Bilal Printing Linkers Faisalabad, Pakistan.

3. Khan, B.B., M. Yaqoob, M. Riaz, M. Younas and A. Iqbal. 2004. Livestock

Management Manual. Pak TM Printers Faisalabad, Pakistan.

4. Khan, B.B., 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak TM Printers

Faisalabad, Pakistan.

5. Shah, S.I., 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation, Islamabad,

Pakistan..

45

AH-206 Introduction to Animal Nutrition 3(2-1)

Theory:

Importance of nutrition in livestock and poultry production; basic concepts of animal

nutrition; feed resources and their utilization; soil plant animal relationship; digestive

systems, digestion and absorption of nutrients in different classes of livestock and

poultry; factors affecting nutrient intake in livestock and poultry; factors affecting water

needs in animal body; anti nutritional factors in feed ingredients.

Practical

Identification of feed ingredients through visual and microscopic methods; physical

characteristics of common feeds; feed ingredients and feed storage practices under farm

conditions; introduction to different components of feed mills; conservation of forage

Books Recommended

1. McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J. F.D. Greenhalgh and C.A. Morgan. 2002. Animal


2. Khan, M.L. 2001. Poultry Feeds and Nutrition. Kitabistan Pub. Co. 38, Urdu Bazar,

Lahore.

3. Khan, M.L. 2001. Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition. Kitabistan Publishing Co. 38,

Urdu Bazar, Lahore.

4. Ensminger, M. E., J. E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition.

Ensminger publishing Co. 648 West Sierra Avenue Clovis, California, USA

46

AH-208 Fundamentals of Animal Breeding 3(2-1)

Theory:

History of animal genetics; animal genetic resources of Pakistan; role of animal breeding in

livestock production; biometrical concepts for assessing variation and association among

traits; Quantitative characters and their inheritance in different species; breeds and their

keepers, breeding methods for sustainable use of animal genetic resources; Opportunities for

breeding and improvement of farm animals in Pakistan; Conservation of animal genetic

resources: scope, techniques and problems; Biotechnologies in animal breeding.

Practical:

Exercises on biometrical concepts related to measures of central tendency, measures of

dispersions and association among traits at phenotypic and genetic level.

Books Recommended:

1. Adebambo, O. 2010. Fundamentals of Animal Breeding and Genetics: History of

animal genetics, African indigenous animal genetic resources, breed selection,

development and statistical examples. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Publishing Co.,

UK [www.amazon.co.uk]

2. Lasley. J. F. 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall




4. Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York,

USA.

47

AH-210 RURAL POULTRY FARMING 3(2-1)

Theory:

Status of rural poultry production in Pakistan; significance and scope of rural poultry

farming; desi vs commercial poultry products; consumer attitudes; choosing right rural

breed / strain for meat and egg production; housing and equipments; natural incubation;

incubation requirements for small incubators; characteristics of broody hen; selection of

hatching eggs; nest preparation; management during incubation; management during

brooding, growing and laying; selection of feed ingredients; feed formulation for rural

poultry farming; feeding and watering practices; vaccination, medication and parasitic

control; impact of season on performance of rural poultry; record keeping; marketing of

rural poultry and its products; measures to improve rural poultry production.

Practical:

Demonstration of suitable breeds for rural poultry production; types of houses and

equipments; selection of a good broody hen; nest preparation for natural incubation;

collection, selection, cleaning, grading and storage of hatching eggs; care of hen and eggs

during incubation process; feeding and watering practices; management during brooding,

rearing and production; selection and culling techniques; differentiation between laying

and a non laying hen; vaccination and medication; preparation and handling of small

incubators; feasibility report for 100 rural poultry birds; visit to government poultry

farms.

Books Recommended:

1. Brown, T. 2010. Poultry Farming. Apple Academic Press, 3333 Mistwell

Crescent, Oakville, ON L6L 0A2.

2. Bell, D.D. and W.D. Weaver. 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg

Production. 5th Edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell Massachusetts

02061 USA.

3. Sonaiya, E.B. and S.E.J. Swan. 2008. Small Scale Poultry Production. Discovery

Publishing House, New Delhi, India.

4. Sreenivasaih, P.V. 2006. Scientific Poultry Production. 3rd Revised Edition,

International Book Distributing Company, Lucknow, India.

faculty of animal husbandry university of … · bismillah scheme of study for an undergraduate...

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