Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

Dr. Tanapon PanthasenFaculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

Thailand and the World Thailand and the World MovementMovement

of Green Buildingof Green Building

2

Topics

IntroductionResearch Objectives/

Methodology Integral TheoryGlobal Green

Building MovementMovement of Green

Building in ThailandConclusion &

Recommendations

Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

1.Introduction

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Since ancient timesGigantic structures have been

constructed through the employment of large quantities of natural resources.

the Great Pyramid of Giza

2.6 million m3 of different quarried-stone materials

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Impact

only consumption of natural resources nearby the site

The Khufu quarry as viewed from the top of the Great Pyramid.http://www.aeraweb.org/khufu_quarry.asp

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Recent days Modern construction

process of just one project can damage the whole Earth.

For example, importing materials from Europe to Thailand makes natural damage occur in the entire route from Europe to Thailand too.

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Imported Construction Materials

Remove eco-system Consume fossil fuels Emit greenhouse gas

and other forms of pollution

And so on

Example of damage caused in every step.

Quarry

ManufactureTransport

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Damage occurs throughout the whole life of the building.

Imported Construction Materials

Consume fossil fuels Emit greenhouse gas and

other forms of pollution And so on

Example of damage caused in every step.

MaintenanceInstallation

Shipment

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the construction industry accounts for

1/6 of global fresh water consumption

1/4 of global wood consumption

1/4 of ozone-depleting gases come from air-conditioning units

Ebohon and Rwelamila (2001)

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More recent days : potentials “Greening our buildings is the single most effective

way to immediately reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate human induced Climate Change.”

“Green buildings improve human health and productivity and make economic sense.”

the Pennsylvania Environmental Council (2008),

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Benefits in the United States Children who are educated in green classrooms score

as much as 20% higher on standardized tests. In green offices, workers experience productivity

gains as high as 17%. Green building strategies have a 20 to 1 average

annual return on investment.

Green buildings are leased up at a faster rate and are commanding premium rents.

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Highlight health and financial benefitshere to attract developers and the market demand.

the new greening of building and construction

drive

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Additionally, the main part of this paper aims to attract developers and the market demand.

drive

Clarify green real estate business opportunities and trends by providing insight into the history of the green building movement.

the new greening of building and construction

Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

2. Research Objectives /Methodology

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Objectives

To study Thailand and the global green building movement

To analyze Thailand and the global green building movement using Wilber's Integral Theory

To recommend policy actions to facilitate green building and real estate development

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Methodology

Use content analysis method to analyze data and explain the global green building movement according to Wilber's Integral Theory.

Historical research, and qualitative methods Collect data through document research and in-depth

interviews with experts in four countries: USA, UK, the Netherlands, and Thailand, during and after my doctoral study.

Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

3. Integral Theory

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Why this theory?

Emphasize the mental or spiritual aspects as this facet closely relates to economics, marketing, and architecture, the basis of real estate development. These aspects are commonly cited in the literature as a condition of a shift to sustainable development.

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Why this theory? Give a holistic explanation

of the relationship between spirituality and other aspects of human development, as the green movement is a human creation. Moreover, the green movement affects every aspect of human life.

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Why this theory?

Be familiar to Thai society, and help the Thai people understand the movement more easily since this paper argues for the implementation of low carbon initiatives in Thailand.

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Integral concepts

Living and thinking according to conditions of nature

Inter-relationship between body-spirituality

Balance and sufficiency Knowledge with virtue

Integral paradigm in sustainable developmen

t today

Pythagoras Lao-tzuBuddha

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More Integral ideas from Buddhism

“If we understand all aspects of nature and conserve the law of nature within ourselves, … the external, physical aspect of nature will be able to conserve itself automatically.”Buddhism has limitations regarding research methodology and the ability to analyze and explain the international context of

the green movement.

Buddhadasa Bhikkhu(1990)

“… Nothing happens except through various causes and conditions … Further, the causes and conditions of one thing are caused and conditioned by others. These interactions of conditionality extend through the universe, mental and physical, connecting everything in a vast web of interdependence … interconnectedness … So supreme is this natural fact that we can call it the law of nature.

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“If we can ‘get the people right,’ then the planet will take care of itself”

Integral ideas from the West

“Integral means comprehensive, inclusive, balanced, embracing. When it comes to human beings, integral means maps, models and practices that include the full spectrum of human potential, often summarized as “exercising body, mind and spirit in self, culture and nature.”

Ken Wilber

Don Edward Beck (2001)

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Exte

rior/o

bje

ctiv

e : p

hysic

al

Broader perspective of Integral Theory

Inte

rior/

su

bje

cti

ve :

min

dset Individual

Collective

Mental Health/

self

Physical health/

behavior

Social system/

environment

Culture/ value

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Mental Health/

self

Physical health/

behavior

Social system/

environment

Culture/ value

Exte

rior/o

bje

ctiv

e : p

hysic

alIn

teri

or/

su

bje

cti

ve :

min

dset Individual

Collective

Broader perspective of Integral Theory

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Natural evolution is “simply an order of increasing wholeness”

molecule

cellemptine

ss

Deep perspective of Integral Theory

atom

Organisms/ body

reptilian stem- limbic -neocortex

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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next

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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next

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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next

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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next

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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next

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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next

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4 aspects of life have evolved together

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4 aspects of life have evolved together

Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

4. Global green building movement

From eco To eco

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Integral Evolution by Era (Beck and Tanapon)

หลั�กในการวิ�เคราะห�

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100,000 years ago

archaic, family survival clans, natural shelters

stay aliveinstinct

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35,000 years ago

an

imis

tic

tribal magical early-primitive tribe

folk

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12,000 years ago

egocentric

power god primitive feudal-empire

conquest

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8,000 years ago

mythic order

mythic, saintly faithful

ancient nations, classic

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2500 years ago / the great philosopher of integral teachings

Pythagoras Lao-tzu

Buddha

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Reductionism/ egoism

Scientific philosophy:Scientific philosophy: nature and life are

considered like machine; can be studied part by

part separately.

Industrial revolution/ modernization

economic power

250 years agoRationale mentality

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Expansion around the world

desire to acquire vast amounts of natural resources

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Main stream developmentscientific

corporate states, modern, postmodern

consumerism

Rational

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Global crisis

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50 years agosensitive caring

pluralistic value community, green matters

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40 40 years agoyears ago

Information flow, Information flow, sufficiencysufficiency

naturalnatural

Integrative learningIntegrative learning

Inte

gra

l In

teg

ral

vie

wvie

w

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30 30 years agoyears ago

Global Ecovillage & other networksGlobal Ecovillage & other networks

planetary actionsplanetary actions

holisti

c

holisti

c

vie

wvie

w

interactive interactive holismholism

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Global Ecovillage NetworksGlobal Ecovillage NetworksCurrently, there are more than 10,000 sustainable eco-Currently, there are more than 10,000 sustainable eco-villages listed as its members worldwidevillages listed as its members worldwide

Network of The World Green Network of The World Green Building Council Building Council In USA, from 2005-2009 there were about 25,000 In USA, from 2005-2009 there were about 25,000 commercial LEED* registered projects.commercial LEED* registered projects.

*an internationally recognized green building certification system

Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

5. The Movement of Green Building in Thailand

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1,500 years ago

mythic order

mythic, saintly faithful

Dvaravati Architecture

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Traditional Thai Style

design with nature

General

Royal

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saintly self (Blue) respecting the “higher power” blindly

followed western ideas without a broader understanding of

Western society

King Rama 4 adopted Scientific Scientific

philosophyphilosophyTo modernize Thailand

150 years agoRationale mentality

Architecture without prompt adaptation to the local culture and the environment

70 years agoThai green

movement began, as inspired by Buddhadasa Bhikkhu’s holistic teaching and declined social and environmental conditions.

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50 years ago Industrialization became stronger as supported by

achiever self (Orange) of Thai leaders, architects, and other experts.

The first National Economic Plan was issued under the success driven approach and a materialistic paradigm.

Thai real estate industry emerged with a modern form of architecture.

40 years ago 40 years ago (the same time as (the same time as West)West)

With integral self (Yellow) emerging, many architects began to publicized green design and experiments.

They advocated for tropical architecture, ecological concepts and building according to Buddha's core teachings.

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30 years agoAchiever self (Orange)

successfully created high-rise building

People worked and lived fully in materialism and consumerism culture supported by policy focusing economic growth.

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20 years ago well known bubble economics began

scientific

corporate states, modern, postmodern

consumerism

Rational

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15 years ago, green movement made significant progressThe original Energy Conservation Promotion Act

and the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act were issued .

The first real estate project with sustainable features was developed and sold successfully by developers holding Yellow-Turquoise self.

The first time the phrases “sustainable architecture” and “green architecture” were publicized in Association of Siamese Architects (ASA) magazine articles.

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10 years ago Results of economic downturn

Kasetsart University was first to launch a sustainable architecture program in Thailand.

The ASA organized a major conference with the aim of influencing a shift towards sustainable-self sufficient forms of architecture.

Elevated Road and Train System Elevated Road and Train System

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Recent years Results of energy and environmental crisis promoted via various media, in addition to economic and political stress

Thai green building standards and laws

Green building rewards Coordination among

government, professionals, academia, companies, banks

Economical green technology

Thai Green Building InstituteThai Green Building Institute

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Recent years Results of energy and environmental crisis promoted via various media, in addition to economic and political stress

Market demands for saving and high-quality environment

Meditation and other ancient retreats

Developers committing to green

Many green projects

Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University

6. Conclusion & Recommendations

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Conclusion readiness of construction and buildings sector in participating

more seriously in green development in a low-carbon economy

Spirituality-Environmental consciousness-Motivation for sustainable community-Demand for higher quality of life with less expenditure in housing-Interest in energy saving and environmentally friendly equipment and construction methods-Commitment to green development

Health and behaviors-Environmental conservation and spiritual practices-High social and economic stress illness-Customers’ search for the best of their choices-Developers and architects’ creation of green projects

Culture-“Global warming” awareness-Public participations in green activities-Cooperation between professional organizations-Transcendent self knowledge of Buddhism-Belief in sufficiency economy-Meditation and other ancient retreats such as yoga-Niche market demand for green projects

Environment and systems-Stronger environmental and energy saving laws-Green building standards with a rewards system-Professional organizations supporting the green movement-Effective information systems-Eco-friendly technology-Education, research and development systems in academic institutions

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Recommendations Government

Issue incentive measures Establish a carbon market mechanism and reveal how the

developers can request “carbon credits” from green projects

Produce experts on a technical and management level Promote green building as a national agenda Establish Ministry of Spatial Development to facilitate

green building and construction National Economic and Social Development Plan

Include green building as a factor that helps promote a healthy society and community, a low-carbon economy and environmental conservation

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Toward Green and Happiness Society