8/12/2019 Faella

1/1

352 Ductl of Conneios

mdd by meas f eqvalen T-b. A n the case f bolceci, te weaet jnt cmpoent s vry n one thedeed by mea of a quvalet Ts s evdent tat te recto rcdacemet crve of bled -tb t falre wold alwb te reci f e tmate lac daement of te weaket jcmpe te ma rce lac rtatn caacty) and epedcto te ctbtn he emang nt cmpets eplatc defmat the beamtclm jnt

rt ste dealg wt te teretcal edcn f te atcefmat caacty f bted -tb (Paea et al 1997a wl bereented ad refed te wg ectn In adto te lt f aexermetal rgam devote t te aldato f the eetcal mde wlla be resee a dscssed Sc 911. Fay the crea forcmbnng te ctbto eac nt cment ae descbed Sectn9.7

9 ,4 Bass th cal appac

hereca apac f evalatng the plastc deoma caacty fbted tb a bee recetly ed Paella et al 99a) bad

te bevat at, deedg he at bewee te exraretace te ange a te al etace the bt tere ae tree

pbe falre mde Sect 42 fr wich bt te deg reance andte ltmate rece wc acct f tr hadenng) can be dervedm mpl eqlbrm qaos assmed a te dsbt teteral actos corredg t he atanm o te degn esace adtat cendg ltmate cndtn (Fg 9 are ae F eac faremde wt referece t he ltimae ct, te bendg mmet dagramalong the -tb lage ca be deve d Terefore e lma t platcdplacmet can be comtd tag fom t corpdng crvatre

dagram fact, t tmate ac ra of te nge nvlved n thecae mecanm f te -tb can be cm ted by ntegratng the

crvatre dagram Fnally te lasc dsplacemn s comt acctgr te devele emac mecanm

t mpat t ste at t nt ha te terecal redc theastc defmatn capacty f blted T-sb a extremy comlcatedmatter act bh gemetrca ad mecaca nnlinearte arie naddtn he mae ct geed by cacg f te materal r byt bol ctr Cacng f te maeia is frther cmplcated bytree-mensial effect ad cac penmea For al t sn rder ga g t e ma arameers gveig te ty sy bted cnectn a mle mdel a be acceted depte t

arima wll b evet fma

crtca anai f te

I

Bold nnio

Q-: .Q: 2

' '

--

a

nb Ju! V : ?

: i n m

( b )

Fu3

u

( c )

Figure 9. Utmae con f blte -tb fr ferent fare me

base n te flwg axmatn:

three-dmona efect are t accne r becae te apac bae a Dmde;

gemecal nleaty dsregrdd the nlenc of te shear act the latc beavr f the mateal s

disegarde ryg rce a aken nt accnt wth a armate aac cacg te materal i armately meed by amig a

cacg cotn he ccrece f te ltimae ra te exeme

bre -tb lageUder tee amptns, t s sy to ecgnze a, bacaly te

rbem cnst e evala f te pltc tan ly f a cmacteci n fact te tc ge are lcated wt e -tb ange a,teee tey egage a ectangar ectn wose wdt (e teffctve wth f te tb e dep ectanglar e ct i eat te tb !la ge cke 1.

e platc rtatn py f a cmact ect, wr bclngcc gvere by lcae ecig, leadg t crackg f te materiaa a relt f tee ree Cracng a gly cmlcated matteowvr a smlfed sdy can be made cdeng te hey f ltcablty Me 996 Sagemacer 99) and by asmng at cracngocc we ltmate san deve a he mt exteme fbre f eect where latc nges are exected