fair housing council v. roommate.com llc, 09-55272 (9th cir. feb. 2, 2012)

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8/3/2019 Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012) http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/fair-housing-council-v-roommatecom-llc-09-55272-9th-cir-feb-2-2012 1/22 DI] [\MNOC@QOIF \FOQLA SQ@QLS CI\]Q ID @[[L@NS DI] QGL FOFQG CO]C\OQ   D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F DL]F@FAI T@NNL_: QGL D@O] Fi& ;?"<<=8= GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F AOLHI. [n`ofqodds"@{{lnnlls. A&C& Fi& =5;3"ct";?374" t& [@"]U ]IIBB@QL&CIB. NNC.  Aldlfa`fq"@{{lnn`fq&   D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F DL]F@FAI T@NNL_: QGL D@O] Fi& ;?"<<78< GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F AOLHI. [n`ofqodds"@{{lnnlls. A&C& Fi& =5;3"ct";?374" t& [@"]U ]IIBB@QL&CIB. NNC.  Aldlfa`fq"@{{lnn`fq& ?83

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Page 1: Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

8/3/2019 Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/fair-housing-council-v-roommatecom-llc-09-55272-9th-cir-feb-2-2012 1/22

DI] [\MNOC@QOIF

\FOQLA SQ@QLS CI\]Q ID @[[L@NSDI] QGL FOFQG CO]C\OQ

 

D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F

DL]F@FAI T@NNL_: QGL D@O]

Fi& ;?"<<=8=GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F AOLHI.[n`ofqodds"@{{lnnlls. A&C& Fi&

=5;3"ct";?374"t&[@"]U

]IIBB@QL&CIB. NNC.

 Aldlfa`fq"@{{lnn`fq&

 

D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F

DL]F@FAI T@NNL_: QGL D@O]

Fi& ;?"<<78<GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F AOLHI.[n`ofqodds"@{{lnnlls. A&C& Fi&

=5;3"ct";?374"t&[@"]U

]IIBB@QL&CIB. NNC. Aldlfa`fq"@{{lnn`fq&

?83

Page 2: Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

8/3/2019 Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/fair-housing-council-v-roommatecom-llc-09-55272-9th-cir-feb-2-2012 2/22

 

D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON ID S@F

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Page 3: Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

8/3/2019 Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

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Page 4: Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

8/3/2019 Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

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8/3/2019 Fair Housing Council v. Roommate.com LLC, 09-55272 (9th Cir. Feb. 2, 2012)

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0Od loqgl} id qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons g`a `ssl}qla sq`faofh if mlg`nd id oqs blbml}s. oq xi|na flla qi sgix qg`q oqs „Z0R blbml}s xi|na iqgl}"xosl g`tl sq`faofh qi s|l of qglo} ixf }ohgq. Z=R qgl ofql}lsqs `q sq`jl `}lhl}b`fl qi qgl i}h`fou`qoif‟s {|}{isl. `fa Z3R floqgl} qgl cn`ob `ssl}qlafi} qgl }lnold }lp|lsqla }lp|o}ls qgl {`}qoco{`qoif id ofaotoa|`n blbml}sof qgl n`xs|oq&‒ D}olfas id qgl L`}qg. Ofc& t& N`oan`x Lftqn& Sl}ts& 'QIC/.

 Ofc&. <=7 \&S& 048. 070 '=;;;/& M|q gl}l. qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons `ssl}qifny i}h`fou`qoif`n sq`faofh&

?77 D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON t& ]IIBB@QL&CIB

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b|sq sgix qg`q ]iibb`qls‟ `cqoifs c`|sla oq qi s|ddl} „`foft`soif id ` nlh`nny {}iqlcqla ofql}lsq xgocg os '`/ cifc}lql`fa {`}qoc|n`}oula. `fa 'm/ `cq|`n i} obboflfq&‒   N|e`f t& Aldlfal}s id Xonanodl. <;1 \&S& <<<. <4; '0??=/ 'coq`qoifs `faofql}f`n p|iq`qoif b`}js iboqqla/&= Qi bllq qgos }lp|o}lblfq.qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons b|sq sgix qg`q ]iibb`qls‟ cif"a|cq „{l}cl{qomny ob{`o}ZsR‒ qgl i}h`fou`qoifs‟ ofql}lsq of c`}"}yofh i|q qglo} ci}l bossoifs&  G`tlfs. 1<< \&S& `q 387"8?&

D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons id S`f Dl}f`fai T`nnly `fa S`fAolhi `}l fif"{}idoq i}h`fou`qoifs xoqg qgl sg`}la ci}l bos"soif id lnobof`qofh gi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif of qglo} cibb|fo"qols& Qgly `ccib{nosg qgos bossoif qg}i|hg. `bifh iqgl}qgofhs. oftlsqoh`qoif. la|c`qoif. `fa i|q}l`cg }lh`}aofhofsq`fcls id gi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif& Of }ls{ifsl qi qglo} aos"citl}y id ]iibb`ql‟s `nnlhlany aosc}obof`qi}y gi|sofh`atl}qoslblfqs. qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons s{lfq bifly ifoftlsqoh`qoif. la|c`qoif. `fa i|q}l`cg }lh`}aofh qgl q}lfa id gi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif if qgl Ofql}flq&

Si d`} si hiia5 qxi i}h`fou`qoifs alaoc`qla qi cibm`qofhgi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif g`tl s{lfq bifly cibm`qofh gi|sofhaosc}obof`qoif& M|q `cci}aofh qi qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons

`fa i|} {}lclalfq. qglsl i}h`fou`qoifs xl}l „ofe|}la‒ di}sq`faofh {|}{isls my qgl tl}y lw{lfsls qg`q `at`fcla qglo}bossoif& Qgos }`osls ` p|lsqoif qg`q qg}l`qlfs qi m}ofh |s nih"hl}gl`as xoqg N|e`f5 Gix c`f `f i}h`fou`qoif g`tl ` nlh`nny{}iqlcqla ofql}lsq of fiq s{lfaofh bifly qi `at`fcl oqs ci}lbossoif9

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Qgl `fsxl} qi qgos p|lsqoif os lbmlaala of `f onnihoc`n `fal}}ifli|s altlni{blfq of i|} c`sl n`x& Xl g`tl ci}}lcqny

=Qgl}l `nsi b|sq ml ` c`|s`n cifflcqoif mlqxllf qgl ofe|}y `fa qglaldlfa`fq‟s cifa|cq. `fa qgl ofe|}y b|sq ml }la}lss`mnl my ` d`ti}`mnlalcosoif& Oa& `q <4;"40&

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}lcihfoula qg`q i}h`fou`qoifs g`tl sq`faofh qi s|l if qglo}ixf mlg`nd xglf ` aldlfa`fq‟s `cqoifs ob{`o} qgl i}h`fou`"qoif‟s `monoqy qi d|fcqoif `s `f i}h`fou`qoif& @f `cqoif qg`qoft`als `f i}h`fou`qoif‟s ofql}lsq of }lc}|oqofh blbml}s.imq`ofofh d|faofh. i} cinnlcqofh a|ls cnl`}ny gofal}s qg`qi}h`fou`qoif‟s `monoqy qi d|fcqoif. `fa os `f ofe|}y di} {|}"{isls id sq`faofh& Sll. l&h&. @b& Dla‟f& id Hit‟q Lb{s& Nic`n0 t& Sqifl. <;= D&3a 0;=8. 0;33 '?qg Co}& =;;8/ '„Z@Rfofc}l`sla aoddoc|nqy of }lc}|oqofh |foif blbml}s p|`nodols `s` ‗cifc}lql `fa albifsq}`mnl‟ ofe|}y‒/: X`njl} t& Coqy id  N`jlxiia . =8= D&3a 0001. 00=1"=< '?qg Co}& =;;0/ 'ginaofhqg`q `f i}h`fou`qoif x`s ofe|}la my. `bifh iqgl} qgofhs.

aln`yla cifq}`cq|`n {`yblfqs `fa hitl}fblfq cnolfq‟s fif"}lflx`n id qgl cifq}`cq/: Cifsq}& Ofa|s& @ss‟f id Sifib` Cqy&t& Coqy id [lq`n|b`. <== D&=a 7?8. ?;3 '?qg Co}& 0?8</ 'gina"ofh qg`q ` }lsq}ocqotl m|onaofh {n`f ofe|}la `f `ssico`qoif id m|onal}s „of ` tl}y }l`n slfsl‒ mlc`|sl oq alc}l`sla cifsq}|c"qoif `fa cifslp|lfqny. blbml}sgo{ a|ls di} qgl `ssico`qoif/&

Qgl S|{}lbl Ci|}q g`s `nsi glna qg`q `f i}h`fou`qoif‟s`monoqy qi d|fcqoif `s `f i}h`fou`qoif os ob{`o}la od oqs {|}{islos qi {}itoal ` s{lcodola qy{l id sl}tocl `fa ` aldlfa`fq‟s`cqoifs gofal} qgl i}h`fou`qoif d}ib {}itoaofh qg`q ci}l sl}"tocl&  G`tlfs. 1<< \&S& `q 387"8?& Of  G`tlfs. ` d`o} gi|sofh

i}h`fou`qoif `nnlhla qg`q oqs bossoif x`s qi „`ssosq lp|`n`cclss qi gi|sofh qg}i|hg ci|fslnofh `fa iqgl} }ldl}}`n sl}"tocls&‒  Oa& `q 38?& Qgl i}h`fou`qoif `ssl}qla qg`q qgl aldlf"a`fq‟s aosc}obof`qi}y gi|sofh {}`cqocls d}|sq}`qla qgli}h`fou`qoif‟s `monoqy qi „{}itoal ci|fslnofh `fa }ldl}}`n sl}"tocls di} nix" `fa bial}`ql"ofcibl giblslljl}s&‒  Oa& QglCi|}q glna qg`q qgos `nnlh`qoif x`s s|ddocolfq di} sq`faofhmlc`|sl oq }l{}lslfqla ` „cifc}lql `fa albifsq}`mnl ofe|}y qiqgl i}h`fou`qoif‟s `cqotoqols‑xoqg qgl cifslp|lfq a}`of ifqgl i}h`fou`qoifs‟s }lsi|}cls‑Zqg`q x`sR d`} bi}l qg`f sob"{ny ` slqm`cj qi qgl i}h`fou`qoif‟s `msq}`cq sico`n ofql}lsqs&‒ Oa &

M`sla if qgos n`fh|`hl of  G`tlfs. xl altlni{la ` qxi"{}ifh qlsq5 `f i}h`fou`qoif c`f lsq`mnosg `f ofe|}y od oq c`f

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sgix „'0/ d}|sq}`qoif id oqs i}h`fou`qoif`n bossoif: `fa '=/aotl}soif id oqs }lsi|}cls qi cibm`q qgl Zcg`nnlfhla `cqoifsR&‒Sboqg t& [`c& [}i{& $ Alt& Ci}{&. 3<7 D&3a 0;?8. 00;< '?qgCo}& =;;1/& Xgonl i|} `}qoc|n`qoif id qgl qlsq os cifsosqlfq xoqg G`tlfs. i|} `{{noc`qoif id oq g`s a}odqla `x`y d}ib qgl}lp|o}lblfq qg`q `f i}h`fou`qoif `cq|`nny s|ddl} `f ofe|}y&

Of Sboqg. di} lw`b{nl. xl cifsoal}la xglqgl} `f i}h`fou`"qoif alaoc`qla qi „lnobof`qZofhR aosc}obof`qoif `h`ofsq ofao"toa|`ns xoqg aos`monoqols my lfs|}ofh cib{no`fcl xoqgZ`cclssomonoqyR n`xs‒ g`a sq`faofh qi s|l ` }l`n lsq`ql altln"i{l} xgi cifsq}|cqla {}i{l}qols xoqg `nnlhla alsohf `fa cif"

sq}|cqoif aldlcqs qg`q toin`qla qgisl n`xs& Oa& `q 00;<& Xl glnaqg`q mlc`|sl qgl i}h`fou`qoif‟s |nqob`ql hi`n x`s qi lnobof`qlaosc}obof`qoif `h`ofsq ofaotoa|`ns xoqg aos`monoqols. „Z`Rfytoin`qoif‒ id qgl }lnlt`fq `cclssomonoqy n`x cifsqoq|qla ` d}|s"q}`qoif id qgl i}h`fou`qoif‟s bossoif&  Oa&: sll `nsi D`o} Gi|s&id B`}of t& Cibms. =7< D&3a 7??. ?;< '?qg Co}& =;;=/ 'gina"ofh qg`q `f i}h`fou`qoif‟s bossoif id {}ibiqofh lp|`n gi|sofhi{{i}q|foqols. `s }lp|o}la my qgl DG@. x`s d}|sq}`qla my qglaldlfa`fq‟s `nnlhla DG@ toin`qoifs/& Xl d|}qgl} glna qg`q qgli}h`fou`qoif blq qgl „aotl}soif id }lsi|}cls‒ {}ifh mlc`|slqgl bifly oq s{lfq „of i}al} qi bifoqi} qgl toin`qoifs‒

aotl}qla }lsi|}cls „d}ib iqgl} lddi}qs qi {}ibiql `x`}lflssid‑`fa cib{no`fcl xoqg‑dlal}`n `fa sq`ql `cclssomonoqyn`xs&‒ Sboqg. 3<7 D&3a `q 00;<& _lq fi `nnlh`qoifs xl}l b`alqg`q qgos `nnic`qoif id }lsi|}cls g`}bla qgl i}h`fou`qoif of`fy x`y& Oa& ]`qgl}. `nn qg`q i|} {}lclalfq }lp|o}la di} aotl}"soif x`s qg`q qgl i}h`fou`qoif s{lfq }lsi|}cls qg`q oq „iqgl}"xosl xi|na s{lfa of iqgl} x`ys&‒   Ln ]lsc`ql Nlh`n Sl}ts&. Ofc& t& Lwlc& Iddocl id Obboh}`qoif ]ltolx. ?<? D&=a 81=. 817'?qg Co}& 0??0/&

Qg|s. xl g`tl glna qg`q `f i}h`fou`qoif xoqg ` sico`n ofql}"lsq of `at`fcofh lfdi}clblfq id ` n`x x`s ofe|}la xglf qgl

i}h`fou`qoif s{lfq bifly lfdi}cofh qg`q n`x& Qgos niijs s|s"{ocoi|sny nojl ` g`}b qg`q os sob{ny „` slqm`cj qi qgl i}h`fou`"qoif‟s `msq}`cq sico`n ofql}lsqs.‒ qgl tl}y qgofh  G`tlfs

??0D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON t& ]IIBB@QL&CIB

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ofaoc`qla x`s fiq ` „cifc}lql `fa albifsq}`mnl ofe|}y qi qgli}h`fou`qoif‟s `cqotoqols&‒  G`tlfs. 1<< \&S& `q 38?: sll `nsiSol}}` Cn|m t& Bi}qif. 1;< \&S& 8=8. 837"3? '0?8=/ 'ginaofhqg`q `f i}h`fou`qoif‟s `msq}`cq ofql}lsq of ` {}imnlb. xoqgi|qao}lcq g`}b. os ofs|ddocolfq qi lsq`mnosg sq`faofh/& @dql} `nn. `fi}h`fou`qoif c}l`qla qi `at`fcl lfdi}clblfq id ` n`x os fiqg`b{l}la of oqs bossoif mlc`|sl qgl n`x os toin`qla5 `mslfqtoin`qoifs. qgl i}h`fou`qoif xi|na g`tl qi dofa ` flx bossoif&D|}qgl}bi}l. qgl i}h`fou`qoif g`s fi nlh`nny {}iqlcqla ofql}lsqof jll{ofh oqs m|ahlq `nnic`qoif cifsq`fq. ls{lco`nny of qgld`cl id flx i{{i}q|foqols qi `at`fcl oqs bossoif& Flx i}h`fo"u`qoif`n |fal}q`jofhs my aldofoqoif aotl}q }lsi|}cls m|q. `ssgixf mlnix. fiqgofh `mi|q s|cg aotl}soif os {l} sl g`}bd|n&Sboqg‟s }|nofh qi qgl cifq}`}y os of qlfsoif xoqg qgl S|{}lblCi|}q‟s }lp|o}lblfq qg`q `f i}h`fou`qoif `cq|`nny s|ddl} `„cifc}lql `fa {`}qoc|n`}oula ofe|}y&‒  N|e`f. <;1 \&S& `q <4;&

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Qgos c`sl m}ofhs qgl sq}`of mlqxllf i|} c`sl n`x `faS|{}lbl Ci|}q {}lclalfq cnisl qi ` }|{q|}l&

@s fiqla `mitl. qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons g`tl qgl bos"

soif id lnobof`qofh |fn`xd|n gi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif. of {`}qqg}i|hg oftlsqoh`qoif. la|c`qoif `fa i|q}l`cg& Mldi}l m}ofh"ofh qgos noqoh`qoif. qgl i}h`fou`qoifs {|}{islny alcoala qi`at`fcl qglo} bossoif my dic|sofh if aosc}obof`qoif of ifnoflgi|sofh `atl}qoslblfqs. s|cg `s qgisl `nnlhlany cifq`ofla if]iibb`ql‟s soql& [|}s|`fq qi qgos ofqlfqoif`n `nnic`qoif id }lsi|}cls. miqg D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons s{lfq qobl oftlsqoh`q"ofh ]iibb`ql‟s xlmsoql qi dofa s{lcodoc ofsq`fcls id aosc}ob"of`qoif& D|}qgl}. D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcon S`f Aolhi gisqla `cifdl}lfcl „if qgl qi{oc id qgl Ofql}flq `fa d`o} gi|sofh‒ `fa„cifa|cqla `{{}iwob`qlny 1? i|q}l`cg {}lslfq`qoifs‒ if qgls|melcq& D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcon id S`f Dl}f`fai T`nnly „slfq

`f la|c`qoif nlqql} `fa d`o} gi|sofh {`cjlq qi sowqy"di|} '41/blao` `fa `atl}qosofh si|}cls xoqg lw{nocoq blfqoif id qgld`o} gi|sofh cifcl}fs xoqg `atl}qosofh nosqofhs of qgl lnlc"

??= D@O] GI\SOFH CI\FCON t& ]IIBB@QL&CIB

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q}ifoc di}b.‒ `nifh xoqg „altiqZofhR bi}l qobl qi qgl {}imnlbid aosc}obof`qi}y }lfq`n nosqofhs‒ of oqs q}`ofofh slbof`}s& Ofsgi}q. qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons s{lfq bifly oftlsqoh`qofh`fa `aa}lssofh qgl lw`cq {}imnlb qgly xl}l lsq`mnosgla qi`aa}lss. gi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif. of qgl lw`cq x`y qgly{n`ffla qi `aa}lss s|cg {}imnlbs. la|c`qoif `fa i|q}l`cg&

Od `fyqgofh. qglo} flxdi|fa qi{oc`n dic|s if Ofql}flq gi|s"ofh `atl}qoslblfqs }ldnlcqla qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons‟ cif"soal}la e|ahblfqs id gix qgly ci|na mlsq  `ccib{nosg qglo}hi`ns of qgl d`cl id cg`fhofh cnolfq fllas c}l`qla my flxqlcgfinihy& @s qgly `cjfixnlahla. qgl Ofql}flq x`s ` „flx

d}ifqol}‒ id gi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif& Of }ls{ifsl qi qgos „q}lfa‒`fa qgl „sgll} f|bml}s‒ id gi|sofh aosc}obof`qoif oss|ls}`osla my xlmsoqls nojl ]iibb`ql‟s. qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|f"cons b`al Ofql}flq `atl}qosofh ` „b`ei} dic|s id Zqglo}R i|q"}l`cg lddi}qs&‒ Qgl}ldi}l. qgl `nnlhla „aotl}soif‒ gl}l x`s `tin|fq`}y }lao}lcqoif id bi}l }lsi|}cls qi `}l`s xgl}l qgl}lxl}l bi}l gi|sofh {}imnlbs `fa xgl}l qgl D`o} Gi|sofhCi|fcons ci|na b`jl ` mohhl} ob{`cq `at`fcofh qglo} bos"soifs& Qgos }l{}lslfqs `a`{qotl `fa s`tty i}h`fou`qoif`n b`f"`hlblfq. fiq ofe|}y& Sll D`o} Lb{‟q Ci|fcon id H}l`ql} X`sg&. Ofc& t& MBC Bjqh& Ci}{&. =7 D&3a 0=47. 0=88 'A&C&Co}& 0??1/ '„Ifl c`f g`}any s`y qg`q MBC Z`f `nnlhlany aos"

c}obof`qi}y lb{niyl}R g`s ofe|}la qgl Ci|fcon bl}lnymlc`|sl qgl Ci|fcon g`s alcoala qg`q oqs bifly xi|na ml mlq"ql} s{lfq my qlsqofh MBC qg`f my ci|fslnofh i} }lsl`}cg"ofh&‒/&

Hotlf qgos }lci}a. oq os cnl`} qg`q ]iibb`qls‟ `cqotoqols aoafiq c`|sl qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons qi ofc|} `f ofe|}y"of"d`cqqg`q bllqs qgl N|e`f sq`fa`}a& Qgl D`o} Gi|sofh Ci|fcons s|d"dl}la fi oft`soif id qglo} i}h`fou`qoif`n ofql}lsq of imq`ofofhd|faofh. cinnlcqofh a|ls i} }lc}|oqofh blbml}s: fi} xl}l qglyg`b{l}la d}ib `at`fcofh qglo} bossoif& Of ginaofh iqgl}xosl.xl `}l d`oqgd|n qi i|} {}lclalfq. m|q |fd`oqgd|n qi  N|e`f&

Xgl}l S|{}lbl Ci|}q {}lclalfq os cifq}`}y qi i|} {}lcl"alfq. xl `}l qgl ifls qg`q g`tl qi cg`fhl& Cd& @qifoi t& X`}as

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Citl [`cjofh Ci&. Ofc&. 70; D&=a 0188. 0187"8? '?qg Co}&0?78/& O s|hhlsq qg`q oq os qobl xl }ltosoqla i|} co}c|oq‟s qlsqlf m`fc&

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