fairfax housing report 2008
DESCRIPTION
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis Reported for 2008TRANSCRIPT
Prepared by Senior Consultant, Rosemary deButts (MIRM)
December 2008 Data
Housing Market AnalysisFairfax County
FULTON RESEARCH AND CONSULTING, INC.
11350 Random Hills RoadSuite 330Fairfax, VA 22030 540.338.2212 Direct1.703.673.9950 Fax [email protected]
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Black font represents a positive indicator, red is negative
Dec 08 vs Nov 08 vs Dec 07 Dec 08 vs Nov 08 vs Dec 07 Dec 08 vs Nov 08 vs Dec 07 Dec 08 vs Nov 08 vs Dec 07
Fairfax 1,170 34% 33% 4.7 ‐16% ‐41% $320,000 0% ‐26% 95 0% ‐10%Alexandria 207 25% 28% 5.0 ‐17% $302,000 ‐8% ‐28% 108 10% 0%Annandale 51 ‐9% 11% 5.5 40% $290,700 ‐1% ‐33% 99 5% ‐23%Burke 56 51% 60% 3.3 ‐35% $290,000 ‐9% ‐26% 69 ‐31% ‐37%Centreville 98 34% 51% 3.8 ‐42% $275,000 0% ‐18% 79 ‐8% ‐19%Chantilly 22 38% 69% 4.3 7% $264,000 ‐4% ‐16% 65 ‐32% ‐32%Fairfax 113 18% ‐2% 6.0 4% $380,000 ‐3% ‐18% 97 29% 0%Falls Church 122 47% 54% 4.0 ‐24% $312,500 ‐2% ‐30% 101 15% 20%Great Falls 13 63% ‐48% 12.3 ‐42% $1,070,000 ‐3% ‐18% 147 ‐31% ‐22%Herndon 118 28% 76% 3.3 ‐9% $242,000 1% ‐41% 86 ‐22% ‐17%Lorton 56 65% 155% 4.1 ‐34% $333,000 ‐10% ‐2% 89 ‐17% ‐15%McLean 50 61% 4% 7.0 38% $590,000 ‐26% ‐19% 102 ‐23% ‐4%Oakton 15 150% 36% 5.8 ‐47% $700,000 119% 8% 135 75% 80%Reston 80 29% 11% 3.7 ‐49% $274,000 ‐4% ‐25% 79 ‐6% ‐28%Springfield 113 38% 69% 4.4 7% $305,000 2% ‐25% 96 12% ‐18%Vienna 56 93% 2% 5.3 9% $563,920 ‐16% ‐2% 109 10% 15%Source: MRIS
Twelve Month Trend (as shown by blue lines on the following pages); positive indicators shown in dark blue typeTotal Sales UP December's sales were 107% higher than January Detached Sales UP Increased 47.1% in December after five consecutive months of declinesAttached Sales UP Up 69% year over year but dowm 13.2% from high in JuneCondo Sales UP Increased six of twelve months in 2008Median Sales Price Down Down 26% and not this low since sometime in 2003Avg Close Price: Detached Down Down 25% year over year and ‐$77,000 since the 2008 high in MarchAvg Close Price: Attached Down Down 27% and ‐$105,277 on a year over year basisAvg Close Price: Condos Down Declined 19% just since January (‐$52,617)Close Price to List Price % Flat 2008 average equals 92%; ratio exceeded 90% all yearSupply of Inventory (MSI) DOWN The MSI has not been this low (4.7 months) since March of 2007Days on Market (DOMP) DOWN No change from November but fell below 100 days in seven months of 2008Short Sales, Foreclosure Solds Up December's sales were 213% higher than the low point in JanuaryShort Sales, Foreclosure Listings Up Represented 19.4% of the total county‐wide listings in December
City
Executive Summary
Sales Month's Supply Inventory Median Sales Price Average DOMP
Page 2 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Notes concerning the data in this analysis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. As of December 31, 2008, an analysis of the foreclosures and short sales by subdivision was added.
As of December 31, 2008, listings includes the "active", "contingency/kick out", "contingency/no kickout", and "app reg" statuses. Listings excludes the "contract", "expired" and "withdrawn" statuses.
House types excluded from this analysis include "bed & breakfast", "mobile", "other", "garage/park space", "house of worship", "dwelling w/rental", "double wide", "vacation home", or "vacation rental".
Some cities are combined to conserve space: Fairfax Station and Clifton are included in Fairfax statistics; Oak Hill is part of Herndon; Kingstowne is part of Alexandria; Baileys Crossroads, Arlington, and Merrifield addresses are part of Annandale; Mason Neck and Fort Belvoir are included in Lorton; and Dunn Loring is included in Vienna statistics.
Sales and listings with foreclosure/short sale designations as a percentage of total sales and total listings analysis added November 30, 2008.
As of October 31, 2008, list price refers to "original list price".
Year‐to‐Date price stratification analysis added November 30, 2008.
Page 3 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Year
Units % Change $ % Change2000 19,894 $209,0002001 21,181 6.5% $238,000 13.9%2002 22,303 5.3% $275,000 15.5%2003 24,221 8.6% $315,000 14.5%2004 25,717 6.2% $385,000 22.2%2005 23,114 ‐10.1% $479,195 24.5%2006 16,314 ‐29.4% $470,000 ‐1.9%2007 13,557 ‐16.9% $459,990 ‐2.1%2008 13,378 ‐1.3% $373,238 ‐18.9%
Source: MRIS
Existing Home Sales/Median Sales Prices2000/2008
Total Sales Median Sales Price
Existing Home Sales and Median Sales Prices: 2000 ‐ 2008
19,894
21,18122,303
24,221
25,717
23,114
16,314
13,557 13,378
$209,000
$238,000
$275,000
$315,000
$385,000
$479,195 $470,000 $459,990
$373,238
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
$450,000
$500,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Med
ian Sales Price
Total Ann
ual Sales
Sales
Median Sales Price
Page 4 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Close Price 2007 2008
< $200K 219 1,122
$200s 1,606 2,351
$300s 3,046 2,609
$400s 2,912 1,643
$500s 2,052 1,032
$600s 1,306 626
$700s 781 398
$800s 478 219
$900s 302 101
$1Ms 748 332
> $2M 110 71
2007 vs. 2008 Variance
< $200K 412.3%
$200s 46.4%
$300s ‐14.3% Source: MRIS
$400s ‐43.6%
$500s ‐49.7%
$600s ‐52.1%
$700s ‐49.0%
$800s ‐54.2%
$900s ‐66.6%
$1Ms ‐55.6%
> $2M ‐35.5%
0 #DIV/0!
The largest percentage growth in sales in 2008 compared to the same time in 2007 has been among listings priced less than $200,000 (+400%). In fact, every price category has declined except for those listings priced below $300,000.
YTD Existing Home Sales Price Stratification
219
1,606
3,0462,912
2,052
1,306
781
478302
1,122
2,351
2,609
1,643
1,032
626
398219
101
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
< $200K $200s $300s $400s $500s $600s $700s $800s $900s
Total YTD
Sales 2007
2008
Page 5 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 34.5%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 32.7%
12 Month High: Jun 08 1,487
12 Month Low: Jan 08 5652008 Average 1,1152007 Average 1,131
High Sales: Alexandria 207Low Sales: Great Falls 13
Source: MRIS
Alexandria typically records the most sales in a given month. In December, Alexandria's sales represented 18% of the total. The more affluent areas of Great Falls, McLean and Oakton typically post the fewest sales.
Monthly Sales (Last Twelve Months)
Total Sales
Sales in December were 107% higher than they were in January and the 12‐month trend is up. After 3 consecutive months of declines, the total sales jumped 35% over November's results.
565
736
998
1,158
1,326
1,487
1,392 1,355
1,257
1,064
870
1,170
500600700800900
1,0001,1001,2001,3001,4001,5001,600
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Mon
thly Sales
207
51 56
98
22
113122
13
118
56 50
15
80
113
56
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
Mon
thly Sales
Page 6 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 0.0%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 ‐25.6%12 Month High: Jun 08 $412,00012 Month Low: Dec 08 $320,000
2008 Average $373,2382007 Average $454,782
High MSP: Great Falls $1,070,000
Low MSP: Herndon $242,000
Source: MRIS
Median Sales Price (Last Twelve Months)
Median sales prices are trending way down in Fairfax County. There was no change in December from the low posted in November and the on a year‐over‐year basis, the MSP was down 26%. Median prices in the low $300s have not occurred since the 2003 time frame.
Median Sales Price
$399,900
$405,000
$395,000 $399,000
$397,000
$412,000
$379,950$375,000
$326,000
$350,000
$320,000
$320,000
$300,000
$320,000
$340,000
$360,000
$380,000
$400,000
$420,000
$440,000
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08Average
Close Price
$302,000$290,700
$290,000$275,000$264,000
$380,000$312,500
$1,070,000
$242,000
$333,000
$590,000
$700,000
$274,000$305,000
$563,920
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
$1,000,000
$1,100,000
$1,200,000
Avg Close Price
Page 7 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 47.1%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 31.9%
12 Month High: Jun 08 764
12 Month Low: Jan 08 2592008 Average 5292007 Average 491
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 ‐4.7%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 ‐25.1%12 Month High: Mar 08 $619,78112 Month Low: Sep 08 $514,060
2008 Average $588,4702007 Average $715,423
Source: MRIS
Total sales of detached units are trending up even after five consecutive months of declines. The first quarter was dismal in 2008.
The Average Close Price for detached units is trending down. After two months of increases, December had a 5% decline. Prices have fallen 14% since the high in March (‐$77,616) and 25.1% from last December (‐$181,317).
Monthly SFD Sales (Last Twelve Months)
Monthly SFD Average Close Price (Last Twelve Months)
259
337 423
508
663
764726
664
555
499
382
562
250
350
450
550
650
750
850
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Mon
thly Sales
$615,443
$605,275
$619,781
$608,892
$605,511$616,866
$610,536 $608,025
$514,060
$546,253
$568,828
$542,165
$500,000
$520,000
$540,000
$560,000
$580,000
$600,000
$620,000
$640,000
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Average
Close Price
Page 8 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 23.1%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 69.0%
12 Month High: Jun 08 491
12 Month Low: Jan 08 1552008 Average 3802007 Average 345
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 ‐5.9%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 ‐26.6%12 Month High: Mar 08 $383,64812 Month Low: Dec 08 $290,957
2008 Average $343,5792007 Average $428,453
Source: MRIS
Thre trend is down for the average close price for attached units in Fairfax County. The average price in December was 27% less than in last December (‐$105,227).
Monthly SFA Sales (Last Twelve Months)
Sales in December 2008 of attached units were up 69% compared to last December and down 13.2% from the 12‐month high reached in June.
Monthly SFA Average Close Price (Last Twelve Months)
155
235
328
386402
491
437
479456
421
346
426
150
250
350
450
550
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Mon
thly Sales
$383,648
$380,614$370,587
$369,217$352,208
$372,631
$341,149$336,270
$304,672
$311,913$309,087
$290,957
$250,000
$275,000
$300,000
$325,000
$350,000
$375,000
$400,000
$425,000
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Average
Close Price
Page 9 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 29.1%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 11.0%
12 Month High: Jun 08 246
12 Month Low: Jan 08 1242008 Average 1822007 Average 228
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 8.6%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 ‐18.5%12 Month High: Jan 08 $282,89912 Month Low: Nov 08 $213,994
2008 Average $254,8372007 Average $311,697
Source: MRIS
Like all product types, condo prices declined about 19% in 2008 (‐$52,617). Prices declined seven out twelve months in 2008.
Monthly CON Sales (Last Twelve Months)
Condo sales are trending up in Fairfax with six months of increases. The first and last quarters of 2008 posted total sales less than 200 units but the May ‐September period were strong.
Monthly CON Average Close Price (Last Twelve Months)
124132
178 179
213
198
229212
246
144141
182
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Mon
thly Sales
$282,899
$272,992
$278,340$274,541
$264,805
$253,776
$257,564$255,014
$232,243
$239,457
$213,994
$232,418
$200,000
$225,000
$250,000
$275,000
$300,000
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Average
Close Price
Page 10 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 ‐15.9%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 ‐40.7%
12 Month High: Jan 08 12.512 Month Low: Dec 08 4.7
2008 Average 6.92007 Average 6.8
High MSI: Great Falls 12.3
Low MSI: Burke,Herndon 3.3
Source: MRIS
Herndon had the lowest MSI in September, October, November and December with only + or ‐ 3 months supply of available inventory. Great Falls and McLean, with their high priced inventory, have the largest available supply. Eight of the fifteen areas are in equilibrium though.
Month's Supply of Inventory
Month's Supply of Inventory (Last Twelve Months)
FRC considers the market to be in equilibrium (there is enough supply to satisfy demand) when the MSI is at 4 to 5 months. After reaching a high of 12.5 months in January, the figure hovered around 5.5 months from June to November. With December's low figure, the trend is down (a good thing) and puts Fairfax's market in equilibrium.
12.5
10.2
8.07.3
6.4
5.5 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.5
4.7
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
11.0
13.0
15.0
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08MSI
5.05.5
3.33.8
4.3
6.0
4.0
12.3
3.34.1
7.0
5.8
3.74.4
5.3
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Page 11 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
12 mo High CP/LP %: Apr 08 93.8%12 mo Low CP/LP %: Nov 08 90.7%
12 Month Average 92.0%2008 Average 92.0%2007 Average 93.8%
High CP/LP %: Lorton 96.1%Low CP/LP %: Great Falls 87.4%
Source: MRIS
Lorton's sellers had the highest Close Price to List Price ratio in Decvember while those in Great Falls accepted offers for only 87% of their asking price, on average, up from 76% in November.
Average Close Price to Average List Price %
Average Close Price to Average List Price %
This indicator measures the willingness of sellers to negotiate price. The 12 month trend for the last quarter of 2008 was up, but following five months of declines culminating in the exceptionally low November ratio, the trendline is now headed down slightly. The average was 92.0% for the year.
90.8%
91.5%
91.2%
93.8%
92.1%
93.1% 92.9% 92.9%
92.4%
91.7%
90.7%
91.0%
88%
89%
90%
91%
92%
93%
94%
95%
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
CP to
LP %
89.7% 89.4%
93.0%93.5% 93.2%
91.1%
89.8%
87.4%
92.3%
96.1%
88.8%87.9%
91.4% 91.3%
94.1%
85.0%
87.0%
89.0%
91.0%
93.0%
95.0%
97.0%
Page 12 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 0.0%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 ‐10.4%
12 Month High: Feb 08 123
12 Month Low: Jun 08 8612 Month Average: 102
2008 Average 1022007 Average 87
High DOMP: Falls Church 147Low DOMP: Centreville 65
Source: MRIS
Nine of the fifteen markets had average days on market less than 100 days in December.
Monthly DOMP (Last Twelve Months)
Monthly DOMP
The twelve‐month DOMP average was been below 100 days for seven of the last twelve months. The twelve month trend is down even though both December had no change over November.
119123
117
108
94
86
9489
96
103
95 95
60
80
100
120
140
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08Mon
thly DOMP
10899
6979
65
97101
147
86 89
102
135
79
96
109
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
Mon
thly DOMP
Page 13 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
Dec 08 vs. Nov 08 ‐21.6%
Dec 08 vs. Dec 07 375.9%
12 Month High: Nov 08 328
12 Month Low: Jan 08 82
12 Month Average: 179
2008 Average 1022007 Average 30
High FCSS MSI: Annandale/FFX 6.0
Low FCSS MSI: Great Falls 0.0
Source: MRIS
Based on the number of listings and sales in December, Annandale and Fairfax have the largest month's supply of the listings available with these foreclosure type designations. Great Falls has the fewest.
Caution : Realtors are not required to add these designations so these charts merely show trends. Also, these are NOT foreclosures recorded in the circuit court.
These figures include listings with REO properties, short sales, foreclosures and pre‐foreclosures designations. The trend is steeply up over the last year but down last month. The November figure was almost double the October's foreclosure sales and December' figure is 213% higher than the year's low point in January.
Sales Designated as Foreclosures, Short Sales, REO Properties, Pre‐Foreclosures
Month's Supply of Foreclosure Inventory
82
96
129
120
158
199188
197
221
169
328
257
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08To
tal FC/SS
3.9
6.0
2.3
3.0
2.1
6.0
4.8
0.0
4.3 4.24.8 5.0
2.9
5.25.8
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Total FC/SS
Page 14 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
High Listings FCSS: Alexandria 191
Low Listings FCSS: Great Falls 7
High Sales FCSS: Alexandria 191Low Sales FCSS: Great Falls 7
Source: MRIS
Alexandria and Centreville had the highest number of sales with these designations in December while the more affluent areas like Great Falls and Oakton had the fewest.
The number of listings with foreclosure type designations jumped 10% in December to a new high of 1,055 listings. Alexandria accounts for 18.1% of the county's total foreclosure/short sale listings.
Listings with Foreclosure, Short Sale, etc. Designations as of January 1, 2009
Foreclosures and Short Sale Designations: Listings
191
72
46
111
21
114101
7
9472
19 10
44
124
29
0
50
100
150
200
250
Total FC/SS
191
72
46
111
21
114101
7
9472
19 10
44
124
29
0
50
100
150
200
250
Total FC/SS
Page 15 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
High FCSS Listings %: Nov 08 19.9%
Low FCSS Listings %: Jul 08 7.5%
High FCSS Sales%: Nov 08 37.7%Low FCSS Sales %: Apr 08 10.4%
Source: MRIS
The 12‐month trend for the percentage of total sales with foreclosure and short sale designations is headed up. It ranged from 10% to 15% for eight months but accounted for almost 38% of the total sales in November. The percentage fell to 22% in December.
Foreclosure and Short Sale Designations as Percentage of Total Listings
The percentage of total listings with foreclosure and short sale designations is trending up, particularly with the 25% hike in November.
Foreclosure and Short Sale Designations as Percentage of Total Sales
7.7% 7.5%8.3% 9.6%
13.3%
19.9% 19.4%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08Pe
rcen
tage of T
otal
Listings
14.5%13.0%
12.9%
10.4% 11.9%13.4% 13.5%
14.5%
17.6%15.9%
37.7%
22.0%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr 08 May 08 Jun 08 Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08
Percen
tage of T
otal Sales
Page 16 of 17
Fairfax County Housing Market Analysis
City Advertised Subdivision Total FCSS Sales City Advertised Subdivision Total FCSS Listings
SPRINGFIELD NORTH SPRINGFIELD 6 RESTON RESTON 20
RESTON RESTON 6 ALEXANDRIA SEQUOYAH 19
ALEXANDRIA SEQUOYAH 5 SPRINGFIELD SPRINGFIELD 16
BURKE BURKE CENTRE 4 BURKE BURKE CENTRE 13
HERNDON PARK AVENUE SQUARE 4 ANNANDALE FAIRFAX HERITAGE 12
CENTREVILLE SINGLETONS GROVE 4 SPRINGFIELD NORTH SPRINGFIELD 12
HERNDON REFLECTION LAKE 4 FALLS CHURCH WOODLAKE TOWERS 11
CENTREVILLE SULLY STATION 4 HERNDON REFLECTION LAKE 10
SPRINGFIELD SPRINGFIELD 3 ALEXANDRIA MT VERNON VALLEY 8
CENTREVILLE FAIRCREST 3 ALEXANDRIA VILLAGES THE 8
CENTREVILLE LONDON TOWNE 3 CENTREVILLE MEADOWS THE 8
LORTON LAUREL HILL 3 CENTREVILLE LONDON TOWNE 8
BURKE LAKE BRADDOCK 3 HERNDON BRYSON AT 7
Partial list: Three or more sales per subdivision FAIRFAX FAIRFAX RIDGE 7
CENTREVILLE COUNTRY CLUB 7
FALLS CHURCH WEST LAWN 7
CENTREVILLE FAIRCREST 7
CENTREVILLE CENTRE RIDGE 6
LORTON LAUREL HILL 6
CENTREVILLE HERITAGE ESTATES 6
BURKE LAKEPOINTE 6
FALLS CHURCH BEL AIR 6
ALEXANDRIA BUCKNELL MANOR 6
ALEXANDRIA VIRGINIA HILLS 6
Source: MRIS
Foreclosure and Short Sales by Advertised Subdivision: December 2008
Foreclosure and Short Sale Listings by Advertised Subdivision: December 2008
Partial list: Six or more listings per subdivision
Page 17 of 17