Assignment topic.Different breeding programs for improving the performance of poultry.

Assignment topic.Different breeding programs for improving the performance of poultry.

Submitted to.Dr Zia ur Rahman.

Submitted by.Faizan Aslam

Roll no#34Regd no#2009-ag-2095

What is breeding.The mating and production of offspring by animals.It is a

natural process.

What is breeding.The mating and production of offspring by animals.It is a

natural process. • What is breeding program.?• A breeding program is the planned breeding of a

group of animals or plants, usually involving at least several individuals and extending over several generations. There are a couple of breeding methods, such as artificial (which is man made) and natural (it occurs on its own, which is very rare)

Why we develop a breeding programm for poultry?Why we develop a breeding programm for poultry?

• To improve the performance of poultry

• To improve the performance of desi breeds

• For the better fcr,weight gain, disease resistance birds

• To improve egg production

• For research purpose

• To conserve local breeds

Method of breeding. Method of breeding.

• Pure breeding

• Inbreeding

• Out breeding

Pure breeding.Pure breeding.

• Cross b/w registered male and female animals

• Essentially some pure breeds have been around for centuries, or even have royal connections.

• Cross bw Locally males and females birds.

• Aseel X Aseel

• Development of village chicken and ducks through pure breeding and selection.

Advantages of pure breedingAdvantages of pure breeding

• Lots of choice in sizes and plumage • More personality • Can go broody • Lay for more seasons than a hybrid chicken • Conservation value • Will breed pure

Disadvantages of pure breedingDisadvantages of pure breeding

• Need far more research -as the wrong choice can be a disaster!!

• Can go broody

• Can be expensive.

• Some breeds difficult to source

• More risk of getting a cockerel by mistake

Inbreeding.Inbreeding.

• Mating of close related individuals.

• It increase homozygosity (AA).

• Inbreeding can be divided into following

• 1)Close breeding

• 2)Line breeding

• The effect of both close breeding and line breeding is similar

Close breedingClose breeding• Father x Daughter • Mother x son• Brother x sister• These are called close breeding

AdvantageAdvantage

• Undesirable genes may be discovered

• Uniformity in flock

Disadvantages

Breeding problems and reproductive failure

Progeny more susceptible of disease

Chance of mutation

Line breedingLine breeding

• Line breeding– Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding– Cousin X Cousin

Advantage • Increased uniformity• the dangers involved in close breeding can be

reduced• Disadvantages • Selection problem some time farmer select those

birds which are not close relatives

•

Out breedingOut breeding

• Breeding of unrelated animals it consist of

• Out breeding consist of

• 1) Out-crossing

• 2) Cross breeding

• 3) Species hybridization

• 4) Grading up

Out crossingOut crossing

• It consist of mating of pure bred animals within the same breed

• Consist of no common ancestors

Advantages

• This method is highly effective for characters that are largely under the control of additive effect e.g. growth rate

• It is the best method for most breeders

• Effective system for genetic improvement

Cross breedingCross breeding

• Mating of different breeds• It is generally used where the crossed progeny is

directly marketed• It is practiced highly in hybrid chicken• It is generally used for the production of new

breed• Method of cross breeding• 1)criss-crossing• 2)triple-crossing• 3)back-crossing

Criss crossingCriss crossing

• When two breeds cross alternatively• A 50%• B50%

A75%

B25%

A 37.5 A68.5

B62.5 B 31.5

Triple-crossingTriple-crossing

• In this system three breeds cross alternatively

• The females used in this types on a single sire

• AxB

• ABxC

• ABCxA

• A2BCxB

• A2B2C x C•

• A2B2C2

•

Back-crossingBack-crossing

• It is commonly used in genetic study

• Mating of a cross bred bird back to one of the pure parent races which were to produce it

• TT x tt

Tt

Tt x TT

TT TT Tt Tt

Advantages of cross-breedingAdvantages of cross-breeding

• Introducing desirable characters into a breeds• Extremely handy tool to study the behavior of characters in

heredity transmission • High in growth• Better for new breed development• Disadvantages• Breeding merit slightly reduced because heterozygous nature

of their genetic composition• It requires maintenance of two or more pure breeds

Hetrosis hybridizationHetrosis hybridization

• By crossing two different species sometimes we get good virile individual

• The mules is a good example of this type of breeding

Hetrosis or Hybrid vigourHetrosis or Hybrid vigour

• Phenomenon in which the crosses of unrelated individuals often result in progeny with increased vigour much above their parents

• The progeny may be from the crossing of strains ,breeds ,verities or species

• E.g. WLH x DESI

Grading upGrading up• Grading-Up

– Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered or corssbred females (dams)

– Continuous used of pure bred sires for only a few generation the changes occur

– Grading process does not create anything new but it may transfer the good quality of an improved breed

– Hybrid Vigor• Superior traits from crossbreeding • Offspring are better than parents

• Offspring• % replaced % non-descript 1st generation 50 50

2nd generation 75 25

3rd generation 87.5 12.5

4th generation 93.5 6.25

5th generation 96.87 3.13

6th generation 98.44 1.56

7th generation 99.22 .78

Advantages Advantages • pure bred can be obtain after a few

generations.It helps to improve the potentialities of the sire and add to its market value

• little cost

Disadvantages.

• Pure breeds are not always better

• Not environmentally good

Breeding plan of LSBBreeding plan of LSB

• LSB was evolved in 1965-66 in the department of poultry husbandry university of agriculture Faisalabad

• This breed produce 150 eggs per year

• Gain 1.4kg weight in12weeks of age

• Desi X WLH White cornish X Newhempshire • (male) ( female) (male) (female)

• Male Female

• LSB•