Duke UniversityT E R R Y S A N F O R D

I N S T I T U T E O F

P U B L I C P O L I C Y

Fall 2007

Inside

2/A Health Care Leader

3/Leadership Course

8 /Student Research Worldwide

10/Africa Expert Joins Faculty

13 /Faculty News

14/Alumni News

R egulating criminal accessto handguns can be effec-tive in making it more dif-

ficult for youths and criminals toobtain guns, according to a newstudy based on interviews withgang members and illicit gundealers. The research was con-ducted by a team from Duke,Columbia, Harvard and theUniversity of Chicago.

“The common perception isthat handguns are everywhere,like grains of sand on the beach,”said Philip Cook, ITT/Terry San-

ford Professor of PPS and anauthor of the study. “We foundthat isn’t true. Guns are quitescarce in some American cities,and scarcity reduces gun use incrime.”

Published in the Novemberissue of The Economic Journal, theresearch provides a detailed eco-nomic analysis of undergroundgun markets in Chicago, wherehandgun ownership was bannedin 1982. Because Chicago’s gunlaws are unusually restrictive, thecity provided a (Please see page 12)

Handguns Hard to Get,Costly in Some U.S. Cities

Jeffrey Toobin, center, author of The Nine: Inside the Secret World of theSupreme Court, discusses the conservative shift of the court with LawSchool Dean David Levi, right, and Law Professor Neil Siegel on Oct. 11 atthe Institute. Toobin said the 2008 presidential election is crucial to thelong-term makeup of the court and predicted that if Hillary Clinton wins theWhite House, she will appoint Sen. Barack Obama to the Supreme Court.

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Building on Duke’s commitment tointerdisciplinary research and civicengagement, Bob Korstad, the Kevin

D. Gorter Associate Professor of PPS andHistory, and Bill Chafe, the Alice MaryBaldwin Professor of History, recentlylaunched the Duke University Program on History, Public Policy and Social Change.

“Our goals in creat-ing this new programare to help foster a morehistorical perspectiveamong policymakers,and to increase aware-ness among historians of how their work caninform today’s chal-lenges,” Korstad said.

Students will collaborate with faculty in the program’s ambitious pilot project, acomparative study of three 20th-centurynon-violent social revolutions: the civilrights movement in the United States; anti-apartheid reform in South Africa; and demo-cratic movements in Central and EasternEurope.

The project’s first phase begins with afocus on collecting and archiving oral histo-ries in South Africa. Through a partnershipwith colleagues at the University of KwaZuluNatal and the University of Cape Town,Chafe and Korstad are working to secure oralhistories of human rights leaders in SouthAfrica and make them accessible online.

Beginning this fall, the program also willwork to collect interviews (Please see page 5)

General Zinni to TeachLeadership CourseBy Iza Wojciechowska

Gen. Anthony Zinni, USMC (Ret.), former headof the U.S. Central Command, will join the facultyof the Sanford Institute for the spring semesteras the Sanford Distinguished Lecturer in Resi-dence and will teach a new course in the HartLeadership Program.

“The thing that attracted me the most [toDuke] is the emphasis on leadership,” saidZinni.

“I’m really pleased that we were able to per-suade Tony Zinni to spend more time with us atDuke,” said Bruce Kuniholm, Institute director.“When he came to Duke last spring as the San-ford Distinguished Lecturer, he made a pro-found impression on our students and faculty.”Zinni spoke at the Sanford Institute in January,when he presented the 2007 (Please see page 12)

New Program Focuses on History,Public Policy and Social Change

Korstad

InstituteUpdates

2 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus

From Bruce Kuniholm, Director“Leaders must invoke an alchemy of greatvision.” HENRY KISSINGER

“WHEN THE BEST LEADER’S WORK IS DONE THE

PEOPLE SAY, ‘WE DID IT OURSELVES!’” LAO TZU

As these quotations suggest, “leadership”means different things to different people. Somesee it as a capacity to articulate and engage fol-lowers in pursuit of a vision. Some define it asthe deft wielding of authority. Others may see itsimply as an innate quality—you have it or youdon’t. To still others, leadership cannot be con-ferred, it must be earned, and it means gettinggroups to harness resources from many sectorsand perspectives in order to make progress oncommon problems. It is an art more than a sci-ence, requiring improvisation, patience, a senseof purpose, and the ability to orchestrate conflictskillfully so that people with different viewpointsand values can learn from each other and exceed

their individual expectations. To exercise leader-ship, however one wants to define it, is to engagein public life, and it is a skill that can be learned.

This issue of Public Policy Focus featuresseveral stories that have leadership as a theme.In the fall, retired Army Col. Joseph LeBoeufand Lt. Col. Mark Tribus are co-teaching“Principles and Practices of High-Impact Leader-ship” [p. 3]. In the spring, one of the nation’s mostrespected military leaders, retired Marine Gen.Tony Zinni, will join us to teach with the HartLeadership Program [p. 1]. And from the civilianside, lawyer and Professor of the Practice TomTaylor provides MPP students perspectives fromhis years working in the Pentagon [p. 3].

As we develop our plans to become a school,we have increasingly focused on making avail-able to our students courses that contribute totheir transformational education. We do this byempowering them to apply the knowledge theyhave acquired here in the service of society; byhelping them develop the capacity for future lead-

ership roles on the global stage; and, finally, bypositioning them for formative and life-changinginsights about their work and their lives.

The Sanford Institute has long emphasizededucating “Public Policy Leaders for a ChangingWorld,” and since 1986 the Hart LeadershipProgram has been an innovator in the field ofundergraduate leadership education, offering7,500 students opportunities to discover theirown leadership potential. As we work toward be-coming a school of public policy, we are examiningour strengths and making plans to build on themon both the undergraduate and graduate levels.Leadership training is one of those strengthsabout which we are most passionate, and it willbe the focus of our November 2007 Board ofVisitors meeting, when we celebrate the 20thanniversary of the Hart Leadership Program.

By David Rice

N ancy Schlichting(’76), a memberof the second PPS

graduating class, beganher Duke studies with a“tremendous interest inhealth and health care”and intentions—short-lived, as it turned out—to become a doctor.

“I was originally a chemistry major andwent to the Pre-Med Society meetings,which allowed me to visit Duke Hospital andspend time in the emergency department,”she recalls. “Every time I did, I passed out. Icouldn’t stand the sight of blood.”

But medicine’s loss was health care’s gain.Schlichting soon discovered a new passion forhealth policy that would set her on a remark-able career trajectory. Now, as president andCEO of the Henry Ford Health System inMichigan, she oversees an operation with20,000 employees, 1 million patients a yearand annual revenues exceeding $3.5 billion.

“My interest in health care was so clear tome because of personal experiences I had asa child,” Schlichting said. In particular, shehas lasting memories of a month duringwhich her mother was hospitalized and nei-

ther Schlichting nor her siblings were al-lowed to visit her. “When I found public pol-icy and realized there was something calledhealth policy, and I took my first course, Iknew that this was it.”

The new major was small and largely un-known in the mid ’70s, Schlichting recalls, butit was an exciting time to be in the program.

“President Sanford and Joel Fleishmanbrought all the best and the brightest to thepublic policy program,” she says. “The headof the American Association of Medical Col-leges. The head of the AMA. Lots of individ-uals came to speak in our classes and we gotto interact with them. It gave you a very big-picture view at a very young age.”

In addition, Schlichting took advantage ofreal-world experiences. Her summer intern-ship at a hospital in rural Virginia convincedher that health care was the field for her. Asshe neared graduation at a time when womenbusiness leaders were still few and farbetween, Duke faculty mentors encouragedher interest in pursuing an MBA.

She persisted, and earned her MBA atCornell University. Then—at age 28—shebecame the chief operating officer of AkronCity Hospital in Ohio. She also worked forhospitals and health systems in Columbus,Ohio, and Philadelphia before joining the

Henry Ford Health System.Schlichting credits the Institute, on

whose Board of Visitors she now serves, withhelping her develop a career in which she cansteer a large institution toward the compas-sionate care her family did not enjoy whenher mother was a patient four decades ago.

Her job gives Schlichting a bird’s-eyeview of the many facets of the nationalhealth care crisis. Probably the most impor-tant human factor, she says, “is the numberof uninsured in this country. That numbercontinues to grow and it’s affecting a lotmore younger people. Over 50 percent of theuninsured are working Americans.”

As the Sanford Institute becomes a schooland adds to Duke’s wealth of resources inhealth policy, it could play an important rolein bringing together the many stakeholdersand addressing the many dimensions of thehealth care crisis, Schlichting says.

“This is a field that needs Sanford,” Schlich-ting says. “It needs people to focus on thedepth and breadth of the issues that relate tothe health care crisis in this country, to beable to delve into them with a multidiscipli-nary approach, with an expanded faculty,with support for bringing in the studentswho are really going to enhance the thinkingand the future of this country.”

Fear of Blood Led Alum to Career in Health Policy

Fall 2007 3

By Sidney Cruze

After working in fed-eral government for36 years, 27 of themat the Pentagon, TomTaylor knows what ittakes to be an effec-tive leader. The for-mer senior careercivilian attorney for the U.S. Army gave legaland policy advice to seven defense secretariesand seven joint chiefs off. He also receivedPresidential Rank Awards, the most prestigiousrecognition afforded to executives, from thelast three Presidents.

A North Carolina native, Taylor and his wifeSusan had always planned to return home tobe closer to family. Susan’s mother and the cou-ple’s two sons live in North Carolina. Andalthough Taylor loved his clients and thrived inthe Washington political scene, he was readyfor a less grueling work schedule. Last fall, hejoined the Sanford faculty as professor ofpractice of PPS. He teaches “Principals ofLeadership,” the Institute’s first MPP-levelleadership course.

Now Taylor’s days no longer begin at 6:30am, and he doesn’t work weekends duringtimes of national crisis.But his professional lifestill includes relationships with younger gen-erations of public servants.

“The network of young and middle-agedlawyers I worked with was like an extendedfamily,” he says. “Like my former colleagues,the students enrolled in the MPP have real-world experience, with organizations like thePeace Corps or Teach for America. I want to helpthem move to the next stage of their career.”

Chris DeRienzo (’08), an MD/MPP studentwho sits on the American Medical AssociationBoard of Trustees and works as a part-time poli-cy analyst for the Secretary of Health and HumanServices Advisory Committee on Genetics,Health and Society, relies on the lessons helearned from Taylor in both of these roles.

“Tom leads by example, and you can’t askfor a better teacher than that. From knowinghow to ‘control the temperature’ of an issue, to‘leading by walking around’ and managing acrisis with calmness and focus —Tom’s teach-ing pays dividends for me on a daily basis.”

As Taylor’s syllabus points out, leadershipcan be risky, both personally and professionally,especially for those trying to bring about change.His course examines what makes some publicleaders better than others, and the role valuesplay in assessing them. It introduces studentsto traditional leadership theories, comparesthem to transformational leadership and givesstudents a chance to develop their own leader-ship styles. “If the students enjoy it half asmuch as I do, that will be good,” he says. “I feelfortunate to be able to work with them.”

UPDATES

Veteran Pentagon AttorneyLeads MPP Students by Example

Students ExploreCivilian Uses forMilitary Leadership By Danielle Kowalczuk

Through a new collaboration withFuqua’s Coach K Center on Leadership &Ethics (COLE), the Institute’s Hart Leader-ship Program is offering undergraduatesa new leadership course this fall.

The course, titled “Principles andPractices of High-Impact Leadership:The Application of Military Leadershipto the Civilian World of Work,” examineshow military leadership principles canbe applied to professional fields.

Co-teachers Ret. Col. Joseph N.G.LeBoeuf, professor of the practice ofmanagement and COLE Center scholar,and Professor of Military Science Lt. Col.Mark Tribus both bring their experiencein the U.S. Army to the classroom.

“This new class will examine some of the most difficult issues of our time,from Hurricane Katrina to the Iraq War,through a leadership lens,” saidLeBoeuf.

Guest speakers include: Ret. Col.Gene Klann, U.S. Army, author ofBuilding Character and Crisis Leadership;Lt. Gen. Russel Honoré, U.S. Army,Commander of Joint Task Force Katrina;and former Capt. Nate Self, U.S. ArmyRanger Platoon Leader in Afghanistanduring Operation Anaconda.

“This course combines the best ofmilitary and corporate leadership prin-ciples and applies them in case studiesand scenarios from Operation Anacondato Hurricane Katrina, from the streets ofIraq to the board room of Enron,” Tribusadded. “Our intent is to make theorycome alive for each learner, emphasiz-ing the development and pursuit of apersonal leadership philosophy and aplan for execution.”

The students are exploring topicssuch as values-based behavior, the pro-fessional code and warrior ethic, powerand authority, individual motivation,cohesion, team and group effectiveness,and crisis leadership. .

“This course will draw on the bestleadership instructional theories ofthree institutions — the Sanford Insti-tute, COLE and the U.S. Military,” saidHart Leadership Director Alma Blount.

MPP Student Andrea Hamilton speaks with Tim Tyson, author of Blood Done Sign My Name, apersonal account of a racially motivated killing in Tyson’s hometown, Oxford, N.C. Tyson, a visitingprofessor in the Duke Divinity School, spoke to incoming MPP students.

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4 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus

I f you have a question about roads inNorth Carolina, Bob Malme (MPP ’92)is your go-to guy. When he’s not analyz-

ing data related to state lotteries or the costof gun violence for his job as a senior datatechnician at the Sanford Institute, hisspends his free time tracking constructionalong our interstate highways.

This spring Malme uncovered a 19-milesignage mistake made by the N.C. Depart-ment of Transportation on the recently-opened 4.5 mile stretch of NC 540.

As part of the $102 million freeway alsoknown as the Outer Loop, NC 540’s mile-posts and exit signs should accurately reflectthe loop’s distance, which totals roughly 70miles. Yet when exit signs first went up, themaximum distance listed was 50 miles.Malme reported the discrepancy, and afterweeks of e-mail exchanges with DOT, thesigns were replaced. Now the exit markingthe NC 54/I-540 interchange reads 69.

“As a public policy person, I’m alwayslooking to solve problems,” Malme says.“Here, I was trying to get government to beresponsive to citizens. The signs are sup-posed to help people, but they way they wereoriginally labeled, they would have confusedpeople instead.”

Malme began working at Duke in 1993after graduating with an MPP. An avid RedSox fan, he got interested in highway politicswhen he learned of the controversy sur-rounding I-73 and I-74. At first, only I-73was planned, but politicians argued about itsroute, so I-74 was added.

“These two roads were essentially legis-lated into existence by business and specialinterest groups. They both had a big impacton rural communities in southeastern NorthCarolina.”

Malme doesn’t lobby for or against partic-ular road projects, he’s just committed tokeeping the public informed. To do this hemaintains a Web site that provides a list ofproposed highway projects, with maps andbackground information about each one.

There you’ll find a description of DOT’ssignage mistake, as well as an explanation ofwhy the above-mentioned NC-540 is desig-nated a state highway, not an interstate likethe rest of the Outer Loop.

“To make a long story short, NC 540 issigned as such because it will eventually betolled, and the federal government won’tfund a toll road,” Malme says. “It’s contro-versial because tolls are unpopular. People inthe western part of the Triangle wonder why

they will have to pay to use the road, whilethose driving in Northern Wake County cando so for free. Yet it looks like it’s happeninganyway.”

The N.C. Turnpike Authority plans toopen the rest of NC 540 in 2011, makingthe entire Outer Loop west of I-40 a tollroad. Given the road’s impact on the Tri-angle, the politics behind it are guaranteedto be interesting.

For updates, stay tuned to www.duke.edu/~rmalme/

A Modern-day Highway WatchmanBy Sidney Cruze

Hart Fellow Videoblogs from Cambodia

Throughout the academic year, Cassie Phillips (PPS ‘07),is sharing her experiences as a Hart Fellow with audiencesaround the world.

As one of six participants in “Be the Change”— a CNNInternational project to showcase “the power of socialchange through action”— Phillips is maintaining a regularrecord of her fellowship in Battambang, Cambodia, whereshe works with orphaned and vulnerable children at thenongovernmental organization Homeland.

She will keep a written and video blog on the “Be theChange” Web site throughout her yearlong fellowship,and segments of her video blog will air regularly duringCNN news shows in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas.The six participants’ videos will be rotated on a weekly basis.

“It’s exciting to be a part of something that I think is animprovement in the media: news about places and peo-ple that are largely ignored,” Phillips said. “I understand‘being the change’ is dedicating yourself and your actionsto achieving a goal. In my case, my goal is to go some-where very unknown with an open mind and try to applythe skills I have to help in every way I can, while learningmore about myself.”

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PPS Alum Reports onTurmoil in Afghanistan

Jeff Stern, a 2007 PPS graduatewith a passion for frontline, inves-tigative reporting, began postingdispatches and photos fromAfghanistan this fall as a corre-spondent/blogger forEsquire.com. Stern has writtenfirst-person accounts of land mineremoval efforts, a suicide bomb-ing and the grotesque scavengingthat followed, a melee during theMassoud Day holiday celebration,and a conversation with security guards pro-tecting foreign workers in Kabul.

Via e-mail, Stern says that although the mag-azine will pay him for the articles, he financedthe trip by emptying out his bank account.

“I don’t think anyone really believed I wasgoing to do this until I actually did, and no onewanted to take the risk,” he says.

In order to be able to stay longer, Sternmanaged to land a part-time job at AmericanUniversity of Afghanistan, which also helpedhim secure a place to live. His title is DeputyDirector of the Professional DevelopmentInstitute, and his primary task, he says withirony, is to plan a conflict resolution confer-ence in Herat. Read Stern’s stories atwww.esquire.com

Fall 2007 5

UPDATES

with Russian reformers. This effort is beingpursued in collaboration with Associate Pro-fessor of PPS Bob Conrad and with supportfrom the Sanford Institute’s Living HistoryProgram and DeWitt Wallace Center forMedia and Democracy.

In addition to research, the programplans to develop a series of courses and serv-ice learning experiences for undergraduatesmodeled on the Hart Leadership Program’sService Opportunities in Leadership. In thespring, Korstad will teach “Historical Per-spectives on Public Policy,” a gateway coursefor students. They will travel to South Africaduring the summer of 2008.

Under the direction of Chafe and Pro-fessor Jabulani Sithole of the University ofPietermmaritzburg, students will work withSouth African peers to explore archival andmuseum resources and to conduct oral histo-ry interviews with anti-apartheid activists.The program is seeking funding from DukeEngage for the summer workshop.

“The summer workshop is designed tohelp students explore the intricate connec-tions between the stories we tell about thepast and the way we construct current poli-cies to address social ills,” said AssociateDirector Rachel Seidman. In working closelywith senior faculty and exploring these issuesin the dramatic context of South Africa’s his-tory, students will have an outstanding op-

portunity to see these complexities unfold.” Next fall, students will take a capstone

course. It will include community service-learning projects in Durham that involve thesame issues of history, memory and social jus-tice that students explored in South Africa.The program will use this model for futurework in the three project regions with sum-mer travel to Europe and civil rights sites inthe southern United States.

Initial funding for the new program camefrom the Provost’s Common Fund, withadded support from the DeWitt’s LivingHistory Program.

“The program offers students and facultya chance to build on Duke’s strengths ininterdisciplinary work and service-basedlearning,” Chafe said. “We anticipate thatmany more exciting collaborations willevolve as we address the linkage betweenhistory, public policy and social change.”

New Program (continued from page 1)

Tifft Battles CancerSusan Tifft, the Eugene C.Patterson Professor of thePractice of Journalism andPublic Policy Studies, hasshifted her energies fromteaching “News as MoralBattleground” to fighting aserious illness. After takinga yearlong academic leaveto research and write a book, Susan had toabandon plans to return to Duke this fall whenshe was diagnosed with stage 4 uterine cancer.

Since September, Susan has undergonethree chemotherapy treatments to arrest thecancer, which had spread to her lungs. One ofthe ways Susan has attacked this tremendouschallenge is to apply her journalistic talents tolearning all about the disease and the latestmethods for fighting it.

Susan writes a journal, posts pictures(including one of herself modeling her newwig), and keeps in touch with family, friends,colleagues and former students through a blogon CaringBridge.org. She writes with character-istic humor and insight about the tribulations ofchemo, and expresses joy about the love andsupport she receives from her husband, AlexJones, and legions of friends near and far.

“I am blessed to have so much supportfrom family, friends and colleagues,” Susansaid in an e-mail message from her home inCambridge, Mass. “I’ve been moved by thenumber of former students who have regis-tered comments on CaringBridge, and otherswho have sent me e-mails privately. I had noidea when I was teaching them that theywould ever be called upon to come to my aidin this way, but they have! It’s heartwarming.”

“If anyone can beat this, Susan can,” saidBruce Kuniholm, Sanford Institute director.“I’m looking forward to drinking some Califor-nia cabernet with her and Alex at the Duke inNapa Valley Seminar this spring and then hav-ing her back teaching with us next fall.”

Depending on results after chemotherapyconcludes in late December, Susan expectseither surgery or radiation treatment, fol-lowed by more chemo and hormone therapy.

“The hope is that, by next summer, I will bein remission and playing volleyball on thebeach,” Susan writes. Her course is beingtaught this fall by Ted Vaden, public editor forThe News & Observer of Raleigh.

To follow Susan’s progress, please visitwww.caringbridge.org/visit/susantifft.

“The summer workshop isdesigned to help students explorethe intricate connections betweenthe stories we tell about the pastand the way we construct current

policies to address social ills.”

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6 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus

Health & Social Policy

W hile the quality-of-lifebenefits of hospicecare are clear, results

have been mixed on whetherusing hospice at the end of life ismore cost effective than hospitalcare. A new study from the San-ford Institute, with Don Taylor,assistant professor of PPS, as pri-mary author, concludes that theMedicare program does indeed save moneywhen hospice is used.

“We found that hospice reduced Medi-care spending by an average of $2,309 per decedent,” said Taylor. The study alsoshowed that greater savings are realizedwhen dying patients are shifted from hospitalto hospice care sooner. The median length ofhospice use for the study period of 1993 to2003 was 15 days.

“Often hospice is used for a relativelyshort time, but we found that patients whouse the benefit for the last 7 to 8 weeks of lifemaximize cost savings to the program,”Taylor said. “This length of use also allows

patients and their families to fullyexperience the benefits of hos-pice, such as bereavement coun-seling, palliative care and respitefor care-givers.”

The hospice benefit wasadded to the Medicare programin 1983 to provide holistic care atthe end of life. The use of thehospice benefit by Medicare

patients has risen dramatically from 7 per-cent in 1990 to almost 30 percent in 2006,the most recent year for which data areavailable.

With the baby boom generation movinginto the Medicare program, hospice use isexpected to continue rising. Medicare spend-ing on hospice reached $6.7 billion in 2004,according to a 2006 congressional reportfrom MEDPAC, the independent federal or-ganization that provides analysis and adviceto Congress on Medicare policy. Nearly 25percent of Medicare spending is for expensesin the last year of life, so hospice care couldbe a source of savings for the program.

The study, “What length of hospice usemaximizes reduction in medical expendi-tures near death in the US Medicare Pro-gram,” was published in the October 2007issue of Social Science & Medicine. It con-trasts costs of hospice and non-hospice careon a day-by-day basis, matching hospiceusers to non-hospice users who were oth-erwise similar. Hospice use reduced costs for most days during the last three months of life.

“The hospice benefit appears to be thatrare situation in health care where some-thing that improves quality of life also savesmoney,” said Taylor.

Hospice Use Saves Money for Medicare, Study Finds

Health BriefsTobacco Control • TheProgram on Global Health andTechnology Access (PGHTA) hasreceived a five-year, $1.6 millionNIH Fogarty International Centergrant to support a regionalresearch and capacity buildingproject on tobacco control inSoutheast Asia. Most of the fund-ing will go to build the capacityof researchers in Southeast Asiato enable a strong, local evi-dence base for tobacco controland to encourage effective trans-lation of research into policy.

The project builds upon thelegacy of the RockefellerFoundation’s Trading Tobacco forHealth initiative, a programdeveloped by PGHTA Director

Dr. Anthony So. Its activities willspan seven countries:Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand,Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, andthe Philippines.

Plumpy’Nut • The Program onGlobal Health and TechnologyAccess, directed by SeniorResearch Fellow of PPS AnthonySo, hosted“From Peanutsto Plumpy’Nut:Creating aValue Chain for EnablingAffordableAccess toReady-to-Use TherapeuticFoods (RUTFs). Representativesof Doctors Without Borders,UNICEF and the Full Belly Projectwere among the attendees at the

Sept. 28 meeting to discuss thechallenges in producing afford-able, high quality food supple-ments to combat severe mal-nutrition among children.Plumpy’Nut, a peanut-basedfood bar, is currently used fortreating malnourished childrenin Malawi, Niger and Haiti.

Health Worker Shortage •Francis Omaswa, executivedirector of the Global HealthWorkforce Alliance of the WorldHealth Organization will give thekeynote address at a Nov. 29-Dec. 1 conference dedicated toexploring solutions to the criticalshortage of health care workersin Africa.

The conference, “AfricanHealth Care Worker Shortage:Forum on Private Sector

Responses” is organized by theHealth Sector Management pro-gram at Fuqua School ofBusiness and the Duke GlobalHealth Institute, and co-spon-sored by the Global HealthWorkforce Alliance.

An estimated 2.4 million doc-tors, nurses, and midwives areneeded in 57 countries with crit-ical health worker shortages.The challenge is greatest in sub-Saharan Africa, which has only 3 percent of the world’s healthworkers yet 24 percent of theglobal burden of disease. Formore information on the confer-ence, and to register by Nov. 16,please go to www.fuqua.duke.edu and look for UpcomingEvents.

Nearly 25 percent of Medicarespending is for expenses in

the last year of life, so hospicecare could be a source of savings

for the program.

Fall 2007 7

HEALTH & SOCIAL POLICY

Darity’s Research Network Explores Issues of Racial, Ethnic Inequality

Why does inequality existbetween groups of peo-ple? It’s a deceptively

simple question. For WilliamDarity, the search for answers hasdriven his entire career, inspiringresearch in topics including strat-ification economics, financialcrises in developing countries,social psychology and unemploy-ment exposure, reparations, andschooling and the racial achievement gap.

After seven years working half-time atDuke and at UNC-Chapel Hill, Darity,known as “Sandy,” joined the Duke facultyfull-time this fall. In addition to his appoint-ment as Arts & Sciences Professor of PublicPolicy Studies, he’s a professor of African andAfrican American Studies and Economics,and heads the Research Network on Racialand Ethnic Inequality, a program at theCenter for the Study of Race, Ethnicity, andGender in the Social Sciences (REGSS). TheDuke Social Science Research Institute (SSRI)provides work space, logistical resources andsupport.

At REGSS, he’s found a natural base formuch of his work and access to colleagues whostudy similar issues from the viewpoints ofvarying disciplines. And if all researchers dreamof seeing their work have a measurable effect,Darity can point to at least one instance.

He and Karolyn Tyson, aUNC-Chapel Hill sociology pro-fessor, studied the participation ofblack, Latino and Native Ameri-can students in gifted and talent-ed curricula in North Carolinapublic schools in 2001. They foundthat while 20 percent of whitestudents were identified as giftedand talented, other racial groupswere grossly underrepresented.

“Simply making it known that there wasthis glaring under-representation led someschool systems to do some modest reassess-ment of how they identified talent in the firstplace,” he says. “I’m fairly convinced that thereport we did had some effect on moving theproportion up from 2.5 percent to close to 5percent of all black kids in elementary schoolbeing identified as gifted and talented.”

Darity harbors ambitious plans for en-gaging REGSS faculty and researchers in programs and enticingthem to join researchteams that will formto explore new proj-ects and apply forexternal funding.

“I’m looking for-ward to getting theresearch networkgrowing,” he says.This fall, he organ-ized a conferenceat the SanfordInstitute focusing on raceand wealth. He’s also collaborating with theInstitute of African American Research atUNC on several initiatives, including a youthand race conference and a conference Nov.6-8 called “Speculating on the South.” Thelatter will address alternative histories of theSouth, including what might have happenedif the South had won the Civil War or ifAfrican Americans actually had been given40 acres and a mule after the war.

For Black History Month in February,plans are in the works for a conference on theimpact of hip-hop, and for the spring, a con-ference on caste and color in India and theUnited States. It’s all part of his big vision.Even after a career that has spanned nearly30 years so far, Darity might still be some-thing of a starry-eyed idealist.

“I entered economics as a field because Iwas primarily interested in why some peopleare subjected to poverty and some people are

not, with the idealistic hope that if I couldfigure it out, I could come up with answers,”he says. “That’s been the absorbing anddemanding question of my life.”

Republished with permission from Gist, themagazine of the Duke Social Science ResearchInstitute.

Faculty Fellows LaunchInquiry on the SouthFour public policy faculty members are col-laborating with colleagues across campus thisyear in an interdisciplinary exploration of thetheme, “Understanding the Transformed andTransforming South: Perspectives on Race,Economics, Politics and Public Policy.”

The Faculty FellowsProgram, sponsored bythe Duke Social ScienceResearch Institute and theprovost’s office, seeks tofoster collaborativeresearch and generateideas for new courses atDuke on current issues.

Charlie Clotfelter,William Darity, Sherman James, and BobKorstad have joined colleagues from thefields of political science,history and psychology toexamine major changes inthe South in areas such aspolitics, public institu-tions, demographics,economy and culture.

At weekly seminarsthey discuss researchideas, with a goal of devel-oping joint publications, an edited volume ora special edition of a social science journal.Their collaboration also could lead to inter-disciplinary research grant applications andthe development of an interdisciplinary,undergraduate student seminar on theAmerican South.

Other fellows are Duke professorsWilliam Chafe (co-convener, history) KerryHaynie (co-convener, political science),Adriane Lentz-Smith (history), Laura Smart-Richman (psychology), and John Aldrich,Paula McClain, and Michael Munger (allpolitical science). Ralph Lawrence, a policystudies professor with the University ofKwaZulu Natal in South Africa also is an SSRIFaculty Fellow.

jackie.terrell@duke.edu

jackie.terrell@duke.edu

MORE INFORMATION: jackie.terrell@duke.edu or call 919.668.0983

Duke University Research Network for Racial and Ethnic Inequality presents

October 23, 20079:00 am – 5:00 pmTerry Sanford Instituteof Public PolicyRhodes Conference Room

Panels:Race and Wealth: The CurrentSituation

Race and Wealth: Reparations

Race and Wealth: Education

Scheduled speakersinclude:Richard America, GeorgetownUniversity

Ngina Chiteji, Skidmore College

Dalton Conley, New York University

Arthur Goldsmith, Washington andLee University

Darrick Hamilton, New SchoolUniversity

Tod Hamilton, University of Texas

Patrick Mason, Florida StateUniversity

Thomas Shapiro, BrandeisUniversity

Rhonda Sharpe, University ofVermont at Burlington

William Spriggs, Howard University

Registration Fee:$10 Public, $5 Students

Race and Wealth SymposiumBlack households have less than 1/10 of the wealth of white households in America.

• What are the effects of this gap?

• Does the gap exist because of the legacy of slavery?

• Does the gap exist because blacks spend too much?

• Will financial literacy education or programs like Andy Young’s Silver Rights initiative help?

• Does overcoming the racial wealth gap require a program of reparations for African Americans?

• Will a program promoting home ownership overcome the racial wealth gap?

For answers join us at the Race and Wealth Symposium...

Clotfelter

James

8 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus

The answers to David Fiocco’s(’08) questions about how non-governmental organizations canhelp Sierra Leone farmers movebeyond subsistence farming are inhis closet, in a bag filled with1,500 pieces of paper.

Last summer, Fiocco, a Rober-tson Scholar majoring in PPS andanthropology, studied social capi-tal in three rural Sierra Leone vil-lages. He conducted focus groupswith village chiefs, interviewedfamilies about their social rela-tionships and asked village eldersabout the support they needed.

“It was always interesting,even when it wasn’t fun,” he says.The villages had no electricity, sohe brought home his results ashandwritten surveys. After creat-ing a program to analyze the data,he must enter it into the comput-er. Then he will be able to exam-ine how social networks affect thefarmers’ efforts to market theircrops outside their village.

“The country’s civil war ended

five years ago, but there is still noinfrastructure. I want to see howSierra Leone is rebuilding its physi-cal and social networks.”

Fiocco became interested insocial capital—which includesphysical structures, like homes, aswell as social relationships—whileworking last year for the WorldBank in Uganda to determinewhat made farmers successful. InSierra Leone, he learned social

relationships are invaluable, some-thing he didn’t see in Uganda.

“Personal connections had ahuge impact on how peopleworked together. The same wastrue for me. People didn’t carethat I went to Duke, but the rela-tionships I formed with people inthe villages were very important.That was how I gained credibilityand got people interested in mywork.”

While doing his fieldwork,Fiocco lived with the chief fromeach village. At night, when villagers gath-ered to drink ferment-ed palm juice and tellstories, he joined them.

“I was the onlywhite person for milesaround,” he says. “I went there to learnabout social networks,but I also learnedabout elections, politi-cal campaigns and cor-ruption.”

Funding for Fiocco’s researchcame from the Sanford Institute,Duke’s Center for InternationalStudies and the Robertson Schol-ars Program. After graduation, hehopes to continue studying socialnetworks through a FulbrightScholarship.

“The Ministry of Agriculturein Uganda wants to look at thevalue of social networks. Andafter completing my honors thesis, I’ll have a methodology to do that.”

PPS Honors Students TackleStories by Sidney Cruze

The undergraduate honorsseminar provides studentswith the opportunity to grad-uate with distinction by con-ducting original research andwriting an honors thesis. “It’sa very intense process,” sayshonors program advisorJudith Kelley, assistant pro-fessor of PPS. “For manystudents, it’s the first timethey make the leap from hav-ing an opinion to being ableto demonstrate the validity ofthat opinion based on theirown original research.” Thefour projects profiled hereillustrate the range of topics,research methods and experi-ences the honors studentsencounter.

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND STORYTELLING IN SIERRA LEONE

Sarah Gordon (’08) started herhonors thesis with plans to meas-ure the results of the HOPE VIProgram, created in 1993 by theU.S. Departments of VeteransAffairs and Housing and UrbanDevelopment to revitalize publichousing.

HOPE VI funds cover demoli-tion and rehabilitation in publichousing communities, as well assupport services for residents.Altogether, 237 sites across thecountry have received HOPE VIgrants, and Gordon wanted toknow how the grants affectedpeople living in these neighbor-hoods. But after spending hersummer reading about individualHOPE VI projects, she ran into aproblem: most of the projectshaven’t been completed.

“This is the exciting part of

research, figuring out how it will play out,” she said. “And it’s taught me a lot about theresearch process. It takes morepersistence than I thought.”

Gordon now is conductingcase studies of different sites tofind out which projects have beencompleted successfully and howthey differ from problem sites.

“Even though I’m planning todo qualitative research, I stillwant to look at the programbroadly,” Gordon said. “There are holes in the literature thatindicate nobody has studied theHOPE VI Program as a whole.”

A Baldwin Scholar and theco-founder of Duke’s Learningthrough Experience, Action,Partnership and Service(LEAPS), Gordon was attractedto PPS because of the interdisci-

plinary nature of the field. Shedeveloped an interest in housingpolicy after taking “PovertyPolicy After Welfare,” taught byAssistant Professor of PPS LizAnanat. “I realized I knew so little about it, and I wanted tolearn more,” Gordon said.

Examining the HOPE VIProgram has taught Gordon tolook for connections betweenareas of public policy.

“Housing policy is not com-pletely separate from health, edu-cation or social policy because peo-ple’s lives are not that way. I nowthink harder about housing policyin the context of other policies,”she said, adding, “This project haspresented me with a lot of unex-pected twists.”

RESULTS OF PUBLIC HOUSING REDEVELOPMENT

Fall 2007 9

Urban Poverty, Global Health

PPS Senior Kate Guthrie (’08),sees her honors thesis as the cul-mination of all she’s learned atDuke, especially in her PPS classes.

“My classes inspired me tochoose my thesis topic and gaveme the tools I needed to do it—the analysis, the critical readingand the writing,” she says. “Iwanted to take ownership of myacademic work and make contri-butions to the field of communityphilanthropy.”

The former varsity swimmerand president of Duke’s Panhel-lenic Council is conducting acase study on how organizationscan address urban poverty. Byanalyzing the results of former

President Jimmy Carter’s AtlantaProject, initiated in 1991 to helpurban communities gain access toresources, she hopes to identifywhich initiatives succeed, whichfail and why.

Guthrie first became interest-ed in community philanthropy insummer 2006 while working atthe Women’s Housing and Eco-nomic Development Corporation(WHEDCO) in the Bronx.

“Working at WHEDCO, Irealized I’m passionate about alle-viating urban poverty,” she says.“Community philanthropy usescivic engagement to address theissue. You build partnershipsbetween community residents

and foundations so you can har-ness the assets from both.”

When it was first introduced,the Atlanta Project—with itsemphasis on empowering citizensto find solutions to problems theyidentify in their neighborhoods—was on the cutting-edge of com-munity philanthropy. Fifteenyears later, some of its programsare more successful than others.

Guthrie spent time in Atlantathis summer, looking at the pro-ject’s archives and strategic plansand talking to community devel-opment experts.

“The problem she is looking atis an important one,” saysAssistant PPS Professor Kristin

Goss, Guthrie’s thesis advisor.“Foundations and corporationsare spending a lot of money onnovel ways to address urbanpoverty, and yet we don’t knowwhat predicts which of thesecommunity-based programs willlive or die.”

Guthrie plans to work at theBoston-based Bain & Co., a busi-ness strategy consulting firm.

“Working on my thesisrequired me to take very largequestions and slice them intosmall ones to form a hypothesis,”she says. “The work is analogousto what I’ll be doing at Bain,using my intellectual curiosity toexplore different areas of business.”

Sarah Wallace (’08) is knownworldwide for her research relat-ed to the “the Ark” a radiationcontainment system at the site ofthe Chernobyl nuclear powerplant disaster.

She spent six weeks in Ukrainethis summer, interviewing themen who built the first contain-ment system as wellas those building anew system, to studythe long-term effectsof radiation on thegenome.

“I’m focusing onprocedures dealingwith workers, lookingfor ways to make itsafer for them, to bet-ter protect their rightsand interests and to

streamline interactions betweenAmericans and Ukrainians,”Wallace says.

Funded by Duke Engage,Wallace’s research is part of theInternational Consortium forApplied Radiation Research,(ICARR), whose membersinclude Duke University,Research Triangle InstituteInternational, UNC-Ashevilleand the Research Center forRadiation Medicine. Togetherthe four institutions are studyingworkers in Chernobyl to deter-mine how the human body reactsto low-level radiation before, dur-ing and after exposure.

For Wallace, it was a chance

to do research that combinedher interests in science, publicpolicy and global health. Whilein the Ukraine, she posted herexperiences in a blog (cherno-byl-summer. blogspot.com).

“At first I thought the blogwas nerdy,” she says. “But thenit became this wonderful toolthat connected me with peopleall over the world who areengaged in research related toChernobyl.”

The former chemistry majorstarted her Duke career withplans to do pharmaceuticalresearch, but soon realized shedidn’t like working in a lab.

“I took some PPS classesand loved them, so I changed mymajor.”

Wallace’s work at Chernobylhelped her earn an honorablemention for the Faculty Schol-arship Award this year, given forexcellence in scholarship by stu-dents. After graduating, Wallacehopes to work in the health policyfield for a few years before goingto medical school.

“Now that I’ve done thisresearch, I’m more passionate

aboutglobalhealth,”she says.

(Clockwise from top left): SarahWallace, right, with her mentorfrom the Radiation Insititue inUkraine; the damaged reactor, witha radiation meter in foreground; amonument to the “liquidators,” whodied from radiation exposure aftergoing in to do clean-up.

RADIATION EFFECTS ON CHERNOBYL WORKERS

PHILANTHROPY AND URBAN POVERTY IN ATLANTA

10 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus

Global Policy

By Liz Williams

A frican studies specialistStephen Smith first cameto Duke on a single-

semester visiting lectureship in2006; this fall, the former Africaeditor for French newspapers LeMonde and Liberation is back for athree-year stint as a visiting lectur-er at the Sanford Institute. In his new position,Smith brings decades of experience with Afri-can politics, culture and economic policy toundergraduate courses on the region.

Today, Smith’s status as an expert on Afri-can government and social issues seems like agiven; however, were it not for an unexpectedtwist of fate, Smith might never have ex-plored the continent at all. In 1977, as anundergraduate at the Free University of Ber-lin (West), he felt a need move beyond theEuropean borders in which he’d been raisedand discover something vastly different.

After receiving a grant to study in China,Smith began counting down the days to anew adventure. But with only six weeks untildeparture, political controversy in the regionled Chinese government authorities to dra-

matically cut the number of for-eign visitors—including Smith.

He quickly reset his academiccompass and set out for Africa.There, a combination of travelsand work as a truck driver anddesert guide sparked his passionfor the region, inspiring him toexpand his understanding ofgovernmental challenges in the

area. Calling Africa an “anthropological lab-oratory,” Smith became fascinated by themulticultural and multilingual lifestyles ofthe people he met there.

After completing his bachelor’s degreeand earning a Masters and PhD from theSorbonne and the Free University of Berlin,respectively, Smith returned to Africa as aroving correspondent in 1984. There, hiswork with Reuters and Radio FranceInternationale (RFI) built the foundation forfuture leadership positions with Liberationand, from 2000-2005, Le Monde.

At Duke, he brings knowledge from hisadventures—along with more than 15 yearsof journalistic leadership — to the class-room. This semester, Smith is teaching twoundergraduate public policy courses, titled

“Darfur” and “Leadership and InstitutionalCapacity in Africa.”

With a master’s degree in cultural an-thropology, Smith favors a multifacetededucational approach that explores thesetopics in unusual or unexpected ways. Inaddition to academic writings, students tak-ing “Leadership and Institutional Capacity”delve into a combination of fictional litera-ture, feature films, documentaries and jour-nalistic accounts aimed at providing a broad-er picture of the social forces that shapeAfrican politics.

“I wanted to take various entries into aproblem that is very large,” Smith says, “andmake a journey through history and throughcountries in Africa.”

Students are examining the economicand historical problems that contribute to anongoing cycle of dictatorial and repressiveleaders throughout much of the continent.Despite opportunities for reform, Smithexplains, corruption and strife continue tostifle democratic progress.

“Even after the generation of Fathers ofIndependence, the new generations havenot turned out to be the leaders we hopedthem to be,” he says.

In contrast, the Darfur course looksspecifically at the origins of conflict inSudan, how it continues to spread despitelocal and international containment efforts,as well as the difficulty of finding reliablesources during an ongoing crisis. Smith hasbeen impressed with students’ high interestand practical experience.

“Many of my students have already beento Africa and done work with an NGO,” hesays. “Although absolute interest in theregion is greater in former colonial powerslike Britain and France, the niche is widen-ing here in the United States.”

Smith hopes to build on that interest ashe expands his role in the United States overthe next three years. Already he is teachingthe Darfur course to professional students atJohns Hopkins University, and plans toteach graduate courses at Duke as well.

And Duke, in Smith’s estimation, pro-vides an ideal opportunity for review andintrospection. “By comparison to the univer-sities I went to, the setup is very different. It isa golden opportunity to sit down, reflect andread—for anybody at any stage in his career.”

Seasoned Journalist Brings Africa Expertise to Sanford

28 NationsRepresented in Exec EdProgramsNearly 100 individualsrepresenting 25 coun-tries participated inexecutive education pro-grams this summer by theDuke Center for Interna-tional Development. Theintensive 3- and 4-weekprograms were: ProjectAppraisal and Risk Management, Fiscal Decentralization and Local Government FinancialManagement, Tax Analysis and Revenue Forecasting, and Budgeting and FinancialManagement in the Public Sector. The programs offer the expertise of Duke faculty, expertsfrom the field and international development agencies. This year the countries were: Angola,the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Brazil, Cambodia, Columbia, Egypt, Ghana, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,Liberia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Saint Lucia, Senegal, SierraLeone, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Venezuela and Zambia.

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Fleishman Fellows Pursue Projectson HIV, Trafficking, NGO Structure

T he Sanford Institute welcomed fiveFleishman Fellows this fall, the sixthyear of the Joel L. Fleishman Fellows

in Civil Society program. Fellows are selectedthrough a competitive application process topursue research projects during a month-longsabbatical. Upon completion their finalpapers will be available online at www.pub-pol.duke.edu/centers/civil. This year’s fel-lows and their projects are:

• Adedayo Adeyemi, Healthmatch Interna-tional, Nigeria, “Public-Private Partnership:The Role of Civil Society in Scale-up ofPrevention of Mother-to-Child Transmissionof HIV in Nigeria”

Adeyemi has been the projects director atHealthmatch International since 2000.Healthmatch is a research- and outreach-ori-ented NGO that is concerned with HIV/AIDS prevention and sexual/reproductivehealth. Adeyemi is committed to improvingmaternal health and improving access to pre-vention of mother-to-child transmission ofHIV in Nigeria. He received his MPH fromHarvard University and his BA in Medicine/Surgery from the University of Ilorin.

• Aida Alymbaeva, Social Research Center,American University of Central Asia, Kyr-gyzstan, “Best Practices in Social Enterprisingin the USA: Ways for Replication by Non-governmental Organizations in Kyrgyzstan”

Alymbaeva has been director of the SocialResearch Center (SRC) since 2005. The SRC’smission is to promote the long-lasting devel-opment of the principles and practices ofdemocracy, rule of law and social equality inKyrgyzstan. Alymbaeva is responsible for strate-gic planning, overall operational management,corporate networking, communication andpartnership building. She holds an MS in pub-lic policy from the Rochester (N.Y.) Instituteof Technology, and a MA in education fromKyrgyz State Pedagogical University, Kyrgyzstan.

• Stana Buchowska, La Strada FoundationAgainst Trafficking in Women, Poland, “Ap-plying the Best U.S. Practices of NGOs whoEnable Access to Justice for Victims ofTrafficking into Polish NGOs’ Practice”

Buchowska is the co-founder and nationalcoordinator of La Strada Foundation. Sheleads press and lobbying campaigns on behalfof trafficked persons in Poland and representstheir perspectives before international organi-zations such as the United Nations, the organi-zation for Security and Cooperation in Europeand the European Union. One of her mainadvocacy and lobbying successes was the de-velopment of a National Action Program toPrevent and Combat Trafficking in Persons inPoland. Buchowska received her MA in philo-sophical sciences/cultural anthropology fromComenius University, Bratislava.

• Fatima Hassan, AIDS Law Project, SouthAfrica,“Changing Public Policy on AIDS inSouth Africa: Politics, Power and Civil Society,2004-2007”

Hassan is a senior attorney and legal andhuman rights activist with the AIDS LawProject (ALP). She participates in the Treat-ment Action Campaign (TAC), which hasbeen internationally credited with changingpublic policy regarding HIV/AIDS in SouthAfrica. On behalf of TAC, Hassan has actedto improve access to affordable preventionand treatment services for people living withHIV/AIDS in South Africa and elsewhere.She holds an LLM from Duke University, andLLB and BA degrees from the University ofthe Witwatersrand.

• Brian White, American Center for Mon-golian Studies, Mongolia, “Strategies for Co-ordinating Mongolian Library and ArchiveInformation Resources into a Virtual LibraryConsortium”

White began working in Mongolia as aPeace Corps Volunteer in 2002. He is now theresident director of the American Center forMongolian Studies, a consortium of 33 aca-demic and research institutions that facilitatesacademic research in Mongolia and Inner Asia.He is also the communication coordinator ofFriends of Mongolia, a Peace Corps Associ-ation-affiliated organization that conducts pro-grams to support small rural development andrural youth scholarships. White holds a BAdegree from the University of Washington anda MPA from Cornell University.

Fall 2007 11

GLOBAL POLICY

Rondinelli BookCollection DedicatedThe Resource Room in Rubenstein Hall nowhouses a collection of 184 books dedicated tothe memory of the late Dennis A. Rondinelli,a professor in the Duke Center for InternationalDevelopment who died this spring. Rondinelliwas known for his prolific scholarship oninternational development policy, adminis-trative reform, globalization and economicdevelopment, public-private partnershipsand private enterprise development.

His wife, Soonyoung Rondinelli, daughter,and son-in-law gathered with friends, col-leagues, and students on Oct. 4 to dedicate the collection. It includes books he wrote orco-wrote, as well as others that co-authors andcolleagues felt would logically be included in a collection dedicated to him. The books areavailable for use in the Resource Room.

The 2007 Fleishman Fellows are, from left, Fatima Hassan, Stana Buchowska, Aida Alymbaeva,Brian White and Adedayo Adeyemi.

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useful laboratory for ex-amining the differencegovernment regulationscan make, Cook said.

“We have not lostthe battle against gunmisuse,” Cook said. “Gunrestrictions can make adifference in reducingthe death rate from vio-lent crime.”

The study contrasts the underground mar-ket for guns, which has relatively few transac-tions and high risk, with the market for illicitdrugs, where there is a high volume of transac-tions and relatively little enforcement pressure.

Despite falling overall crime rates sincethe 1990s, America’s homicide rate remainsfour times higher than that of England andWales. Firearms are involved in two-thirdsof America’s 18,000 annual homicides. Bycontrast, only 10 percent of homicidesinvolve guns in England and Wales, whereaccess to firearms is severely restricted. Theestimated annual societal cost of gun vio-

lence in the United States is $100 billion.One of the study’s co-authors, Sudhir Ven-

katesh of Columbia University, conducted morethan 500 interviews with gang members, gundealers, prostitutes, police, professional thievesand public school security guards in two high-crime South Side Chicago neighborhoods inorder to learn about prices, waiting times andother details of the illegal gun market.

His interviews describe a black market inwhich criminals, unable to find a gun, some-times hire brokers, and even they fail to com-plete a transaction 30 to 40 percent of thetime. When guns do change hands, they areoften of poor quality and sold at high prices.Ammunition is similarly hard to come by.

Surprisingly, though buyers could avoidthese obstacles by sending a girlfriend orother proxy to the suburbs to obtain gunslegally from licensed dealers, “We didn’t seeany indication of that,” Cook said.

A high percentage of Chicago homicidesare gang related, and gang members canobtain guns more easily than nonmembers.Gang leaders control the supply of weapons

to their members in order to avoid bringingattention to the gang by the police.

Drug dealers have little motivation tobranch out into gun sales, because there isnot much money to be made there and aconsiderable risk of a crackdown by theChicago police, who have long placed a highpriority on interdicting illegal guns.

The research team also examined U.S.Department of Justice data collected frominterviews with arrestees in 22 other cities,including Washington and New York. Thedata generally support the conclusionsdrawn from the interviews in Chicago, sug-gesting that illegal gun market forces aresimilar in other large cities that have strin-gent handgun restrictions.

“Overall, these findings provide somebasis for hope.” Cook said. “Restricting crim-inal access to handguns is an important toolfor saving lives.”

Philip J. Cook, Jens Ludwig, Sudhir Venkatesh andAnthony A. Braga. “Underground Gun Markets.” TheEconomic Journal 117 (November 2007) F1-F29.

Cook

Terry Sanford Distinguished Lecture, “Iraq:Failures, Realities and the Future.”

In Zinni’s course, “Leading in a New World,”undergraduates will examine the trends thathave reshaped our world and the ways in whichvisionary leaders and organizations in all sec-tors have effectively responded to change. Thecourse will be open to Hart Leadership Programstudents and public policy studies majors.Admission will be based on an application.

In his most recent book, The Battle for Peace,Zinni describes how the world has changedsince the collapse of the Soviet Union and callsfor new ways to operate in it. Globalization, therise of non-state entities, mass migrations,access to new technologies, the InformationAge, the emergence of new powers and otherchanges have reshaped our world.

Zinni argues that we must develop freshapproaches to security, governing, prosperingeconomically, interacting with our environ-ment and adapting to social change. Successfulleaders in all fields — including the military,academia, politics and business—must knowhow to create, operate and thrive in very fluid,flattened and integrated organizations that areremarkably different from the traditionalstructures we are used to seeing.

Zinni has lectured at more than 30 universi-ties and holds chairs at several institutionsincluding the Virginia Military Institute, the

University of California at Berkeley, the JointForces Staff College and the College of Williamand Mary.

During his military career, Zinni served inmore than 70 countries, including Japan, Ger-many and two tours in Vietnam. From 1997 to2000, he served as commander-in-chief of theU.S. Central Command, overseeing U.S. militaryactivity in the Arab Gulf and Central Asia.

After Zinni retired from the Marines in

2002, President George W. Bush appointed himthe U.S. Special Envoy to Israel and thePalestinian Authority. During that time, Zinnibecame concerned with the policy the admin-istration was taking on Iraq.

In the months immediately prior to the war,he concluded that U.S. government leaderswere ill-prepared to launch a military cam-paign in the Middle East and did not supportthe decision to go to war in Iraq.

Guns (continued from page 1)

Zinni (continued from page 1)

Gen. Anthony Zinni signs a copy of his book for a student after his lecture earlier this year.

12 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus

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Fall 2007 13

Marc F. Bellemare, assistant professor of PPS,received a DCID Faculty Research Grant in Aprilto study contract farming in developing countries.Along with Alessandro Tarozzi, assistant professorof economics, Bellemare organized the secondDuke Development Economics conference inApril, where he presented the paper “MoralHazard, Heterogeneous Agents, and ImperfectSupervision: A Structural Approach,” which healso presented Oct. 27 at the NortheasternUniversities Development Consortium (NEUDC)conference at Harvard, and will present at theNorth American winter meeting of the Econo-metric Society in New Orleans in January 2008.

Robert Cook-Deegan, research professor of PPS,gave talks on “A Primer on DNA Patenting and ItsRelevance to Access to Genetic Tests,” to theSecretary’s Advisory Committee on Genetics,Health, and Society (SACGHS), on March 26 inAdelphi, Md.; on “Intellectual Property andGenomic Innovation: DNA Science, Patents andMoney” at the Genome Sciences Seminar at theUniversity of Washington on May 15 in Seattle;and on “Technology-Intensive Biology: ASuccession of Controversies” as part of theDirector’s Distinguished Lecturer Series at theLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, onMay 22 in Livermore, Calif. Cook-Deegan spokein Washington, D.C., on July 10 on “Who OwnsYour Genes? Intellectual Property and the HumanGenome,” for the Genetics and Public PolicyCenter’s GenePOPS series. He was quoted in The Economist Aug. 23, 2007 issue in the article“Briefing: Genetics, Medicine and Insurance: Do Not Ask or Do Not Answer?”

Professor of PPS Alex Harris spoke Oct. 16 abouthis latest book, The Idea of Cuba, at the GeorgiaMuseum of Contemporary Art in Atlanta and wasinterviewed on CNN.com on Oct. 17. He also isscheduled to speak on the book Nov. 16 at theNasher Museum of Art.

Professor of PPS Bruce Jentleson was appointedprogram co-chair for the 2009 American PoliticalScience Association (APSA) Annual Meeting,which will take place in Canada. He gave a presen-tation on “State Building After Afghanistan andIraq” in a briefing to the policy community inWashington, D.C., on Sept. 28 and participated ina meeting organized by the State Department andNational Intelligence Council on “Genocide andMass Atrocities Prevention” Oct. 17-18. He alsowas invited to the roundtable discussion of “TheUS in the World: Major Power Relations,” part ofthe 48th Strategy for Peace Conference Oct. 25-28; and to take part in “Reconciling the U.S. andthe World,” the final event in the After theUnipolar Moment Project on Nov. 29-30. Bothconferences are sponsored by the Stanley Founda-tion and held at the Airlie House ConferenceCenter in Warrenton, Va.

Roy Kelly, professor of the practice of PPS, hasconcluded his work as the resident fiscal decentral-ization advisor to the Cambodian Ministry ofEconomy and Finance under a two-yearDuke/UNCDF contract. He is now working asfinance advisor to the government of Tanzania, in

the Prime Minister’s Office, Regional and LocalGovernment (PMO-RALG), and is assisting in thedesign and implementation of fiscal decentraliza-tion and local government financial management.

Helen “Sunny” Ladd, the Edgar T. ThompsonProfessor of PPS, made two presentations aboutteacher credentials and student achievement atthe inaugural Center for the Analysis ofLongitudinal Data in Education Research(CALDER) conference on Oct. 4 in Washington,D.C. CALDER is a project of the Urban Instituteand five university partners. On Nov. 17, she willjoin other three other former recipients of theNational Tax Association Dissertation Award toreflect on developments during the past 30 years atthe association’s 100th annual conference inColumbus, Ohio.

Anne M. Martin-Staple, research scholar and vis-iting lecturer at the Duke Center for InternationalDevelopment, was a presenter and panelist at theBill and Melinda Gates Forum Oct. 16-18 in Seattle,Wash. She presented the papers “Assessing CivilSociety Human Resources for Zambian MalariaScale-Up” and “Building Zambian Training Institu-tion Capacity to Meet Ministry of Health Output

Targets” at the Human Resources for Health Re-search Conference in Lusaka, Zambia in June. InMay, she presented the paper “Winning Global FundProposals: Case Studies from Malawi and Zambia” at the workshop “Health Systems Strengtheningthrough the Global Fund Round 7” in Thailand. In addition, Martin-Staples’ consulting company,Health Strategies International LLC, recently wona USAID sub-contract to provide technical assis-tance globally to support tuberculosis control.

Phyllis Pomerantz, visiting professor of the prac-tice of PPS, was appointed by the mayor of ChapelHill to serve on the Northern Area Task Force toexamine development scenarios and to draft areport to serve as the basis for new ordinances andzoning regulations. She also is serving on theGreater Chapel Hill Chamber of Commerce’sEconomic Development Committee.

Visiting lecturer Laura Roselle was elected pro-gram chair for the International CommunicationSection of the International Studies Association.

Senior Research Fellow of PPS Anthony So servedas course director of the American MedicalStudent Association’s first Pharmaceutical Policy

Faculty News

Marc Bellemare, assis-tant professor of PPS, wonthe 2007 OutstandingDoctoral DissertationAward from the AmericanAgricultural EconomicsAssociation for his disser-tation on “reverse” sharetenancy. The dissertation,

titled “Three Essays on Agrarian Contracts,”evaluated existing and new theories toaccount for the development of contractsbetween wealthy farmers and poor landown-ers, in settings where property rights areloosely defined. Bellemare spent nine monthsin Madagascar gathering data for his research.Previous recipients of the AAEA award includerenowned economists Marcel Fefchamps,Chris Barrett (Bellemare’s advisor at Cornell)and Scott Rozelle. “It’s a really nice award towin,” Bellemare said.

Associate Profes-sor Cory Krupp,director of gradu-ate studies for theProgram in Interna-tional DevelopmentPolicy, was hon-ored at the Insti-tute’s fall faculty/staff reception asthe 2007 recipientof the Richard A.Stubbing Graduate

Teaching and Mentoring Award. The award isgiven annually to a faculty member whoexemplifies outstanding service to graduatestudents. It is named for the late DickStubbing, a longtime teacher/mentor in theMPP program. Krupp is the third recipient ofthe award.

Helen “Sunny” Ladd,Edgar T. ThompsonProfessor of PPS, will givethe Spencer FoundationLecture in EducationPolicy and ManagementNov. 8 at the AnnualConference of theAssociation for Public

Policy Analysis and Management. The awardincludes a $5,000 prize and possible publica-tion of the lecture. Ladd is the second recipi-ent of the award and her lecture is entitled“Holding Schools Accountable Revisited.”

Frank Sloan, the J. Alex McMahon Professor ofHealth Policy, and Ahmed Khwaja, Duke pro-fessor of economics, won the Paul Geroski BestArticle Prize for the best paper published in2006 for their work “Evidence on Preferencesand Subjective Beliefs of Risk-takers: the Case ofCigarettes,” International Journal of IndustrialOrganization 24.4 (July 2006): 667-682. Thehonor is given by Elsevier, publisher of IJIO,and comes with a $1,000 prize. The third co-author of the paper, Martin Salm, is a gradu-ate of the Duke Economics program.

Kudos

14 Sanford Institute’s Public Policy Focus

MPP NotesEva DuBuisson (’07) graduatedfrom law school, became engaged toDan Blau, moved to Raleigh andstarted work as an associate atTharrington Smith LLP represent-ing public school boards acrossNorth Carolina.

Erica Lee (’06) has a new positionwith the State of New York Divisionof Budget Federal Relations team inWashington, D.C.

Eben Polk (’06) is an associate atthe Nicholas Institute for Environ-mental Policy Solutions at Duke,and his wife, Christy, works at theDuke Divinity School.

Kate Roetzer (’06) recently waspromoted to legislative assistant inthe office of U.S. Rep. David Price.She works on energy, environment,transportation and infrastructureissues.

Andrea Reese (’05) works as astewardship specialist for theVirginia Outdoors Foundation,ensuring compliance with land con-servation agreements between thestate and private landowners. Sheand her husband, Adam Strait, justcelebrated their first anniversary.

Gray Chynoweth (’04) marriedTara Claire Hurst in New Canaan,Conn., on Sept. 29. After a honey-moon in Italy they will live andwork in Manchester, N.H.

Kristie Dubay (’04) and her hus-band, Kevin Jermyn, welcomedtheir first child, Myles DubayJermyn, on June 29. Kristie has anew position at the North CarolinaInstitute of Medicine as managingeditor of the North CarolinaMedical Journal.

Tim Greeff (’04) left the NaturalResources Defense Council for anew position as deputy legislativedirector at the League of Conserva-tion Voters in Washington, D.C.

Fernando Lohmann (’04) left GGInvestimentos to join GrupoVotorantim, Brazil’s largest industri-al group, as a global mergers &acquisitions project manager.

Janna Matlack (’04) has relocatedfrom Philadelphia to San Diego.She will work for the SullivanGroup Real Estate Advisors as asenior analyst.

Mike Dombeck (’03) has a newposition as deputy director for mar-ket analytics and strategic businessintelligence at Talecris Biothera-peutics in Research Triangle Park.

Jason DeRousie (’03) and wife,Becky Sanford DeRousie, welcomedtheir first child, Hayden CarolineDeRousie, on July 12. They live inState College, Pa., where Jason is anacademic advisor at Penn StateUniversity and is finishing his PhDin higher education.

Jenifer Hlavna Feaster (’03) andher husband, Brian, relocated to

New York City in October. Jenifer isa consultant with Gartner focusingon IT strategy for New York Citygovernment clients.

Delvecchio Finley (’02) was select-ed as a member of the 2007-08 classof Leadership San Francisco. He is adivision administrator with SanFrancisco General Hospital.

Trip Stallings (’02), consultant andpolicy analyst at the Center forTeaching Quality in Hillsborough,N.C., received the James YadkinJoyner Fellowship in EducationalPolicy, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Education, 2007-2008. He alsoreceived the GovernmentalResearch Association 2007Outstanding Policy AchievementCategory - State Level - Certificateof Merit for the article, “MissingPersons: Understanding andAddressing High School Dropout inNorth Carolina,” published in theMay 2007 issue of North CarolinaInsight.

Alumni News

Leaders in Medicine Institute in Reston, Va., inJuly. The Institute brought more than 20 physi-cians-in-training from across the country for fourdays of intensive, interactive workshops and talksby leading pharmaceutical policy experts, advo-cates, and investigative journalists. So also joinedthe newly constituted Expert Advisory Group forthe Open Society Institute’s Information Program.He also served as part of the WHO ScientificResource Group for its Program on Globalization,Trade and Health at a meeting on Wasan Island inOntario, Canada in August.

Assistant Professor of PPS Don Taylor wasnamed Director of the Benjamin N. Duke andTrinity Scholarship programs at Duke University.The scholarships are awarded to students whodemonstrate leadership and community serviceand high academic achievement.

Jonathan Wiener, William R. and Thomas L.Perkins Professor of Law, Environmental Policy andPPS, will chair the Society for Risk AnalysisAnnual Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, Dec. 9-12.Wiener gave a lecture, “Comparing Risk Regula-tion in the U.S. and Europe,” at Georgetown LawSchool on Sept. 19. He also co-organized andspoke at a conference on “Climate and Develop-ment in the Changing World Order” in Paris,France, on Oct. 1. He gave a lecture at the Worst-Case Scenarios Conference at Harvard LawSchool on Oct. 4, which he will also give at theSymposium on Reforming U.S. EnvironmentalLaw at the NYU Law School on Dec. 3.

Faculty PublicationsCook, Philip J., J. Ludwig, S. A. Venkatesh, and A.A. Braga. “Underground Gun Markets.”The Economic Journal 117 (November 2007):F1-F29.

Cook, Philip J. and P. Reuter. “When is Alco-hol Just another Drug?”Addiction 102.8 (June2007): 1183-1188.

Cook, Philip J. and R. Hutchinson. “SmokeSignals: Adolescent Smoking and School Con-tinuation.” In Advances in Austrian EconomicsVol. 10. Marina Bianchi, ed. Elsevier, 2007.

Davidson E.M., R. Frothingham, and RobertCook-Deegan. “Science and Security: PracticalExperience in Dual-Use Review.” Science316.5830 (8 June 2007): 1432-1433. www.sci-encemag.org/ cgi/content/full/316/5830/1432

Harris, Alex. The Idea of Cuba. Albuquerque,N.M.: The University of New Mexico Press, 2007.

Broad, K., Alexander Pfaff, R. Taddei, S. Aru-mugam, U. Lall and A. Souza Filho. “Climate,Stream Flow Prediction and Water Managementin Northeast Brazil: societal trends and forecastvalue.” Climatic Change 84 (2007): 217-239.

Madajewicz, M., Alexander Pfaff, J. Graziano, A. van Geen, I. Hussein, H. Momotaj, R. Sylviand H. Ahsan. “Can Information Alone Both

Improve Awareness and Change Behavior?Arsenic contamination of groundwater inBangladesh.” Journal of Development Economics84(2007): 731-754.

Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A.; Alexander Pfaff,J.A. Robalino, and J.P. Boomhower. “Costa Rica’sPayment for Environmental Services Program:Intention, Implementation, and Impact.”Conservation Biology 21 (5), 1165–1173.

Pomerantz, Phyllis. Book Review of ForeignAid: Diplomacy, Development DomesticPolitics. In Political Science Quarterly 122.3 (Fall 2007): 518-519.

Roselle, Laura and S. Spray. Research andWriting in International Relations. LongmanPublishers, 2007.

Wiener, Jonathan. “Precaution.” In OxfordHandbook of International Environmental Law.D. Bodansky, J. Brunnee and E. Hey, eds.,Oxford University Press, 2007.

Wiener, Jonathan. “Think Globally, Act Globally:The Limits of Local Climate Policies.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 155 (2007): 101-119.

Wiener, Jonathan. “Incentives and Meta-Architectures: Comments on Jeffrey Frankel.” In Architectures for Agreement: Addressing GlobalClimate Change in the Post-Kyoto World. R. N. Stavins and J. E. Aldy, eds., Cambridge Univer-sity Press, 2007.

Fall 2007 15

UndergraduateAlumni Notes:

Wow!

Your response to our call fornews was unprecedented. To accommodate everyone,we’ve published PPS alumninews on the Sanford Web site. Please visit:

pubpol.duke.edu/news/alumni

John Taylor (’02) is working as asenior program manager at theConsortium for Energy Efficiencyand serves as liaison to the ENER-GY STAR Program. He and his wifeRachael (a 2000 Nicholas Schoolalumna who is director of coastalconservation for The NatureConservancy) recently relocatedfrom Boston to Traverse City, Mich.,where they are both telecommuting.

Sarah Butzen (’01) her husband,Ben Albers, and their son, Gabriel,welcomed new baby Eleanor Graceon April 24th. Sarah and her familylive in Chapel Hill, where Sarahworks at RTS Inc.

Alexandra Kennaugh (’01) and herhusband, Christian, celebrated thebirth of their son, Liam Christoph,on Aug. 22. Alex and her family livein London, U.K., where Alex worksfor Natural Resources DefenseCouncil.

Sachin Agarwal (’00) has joinedMonsoon Capital LLC, an Indiafocused hedge fund located inBethesda, Md., as a research analyst.He completed his MBA from theUniversity of Maryland in May.

Hayden Childs (’00), his wife,Emily, and 2-year-old son, Abe, wel-comed their second child, GenevaElise Barrett Childs, on Aug. 2.Hayden and his family live inAustin, Texas, where he works forthe Texas Legislative Budget Board.

Stephanie Grice McGarrah (’00)left Red Hat and started a new posi-tion as Assistant Secretary of Policy,Research and Strategic Planning atthe North Carolina Department ofCommerce.

Mireya Bustamante Brogan (’99)and her husband, Chris, celebratedthe birth of their second child, ThomasKnox Brogan, on Aug. 23. Mireya andher family live in Austin, Texas.

Jeffrey Bland (’98) celebrated thebirth of Georgia Gert Bland on Dec.21, 2006. Georgia is the baby sisterto Rory, 3, and Sawyer, 2. Jeffrey hasa new position at Husch &Eppenberger LLC in St. Louis, Mo.

Heather Flodstrom (’98) left theGates Foundation to take a newposition as executive director of theLuke 12:48 Foundation in Seattle,Wash. She will initially help set thefoundation’s giving focus, and ulti-mately will do the analysis andgrant-making for the foundation.She is excited about this start-upopportunity and to be living out hercalling as she gets to help a generousChristian family be good stewards oftheir resources.

Mollie (Finch) Hunter (’98), herhusband and 2-year-old son, Luke,welcomed James, born in January.Mollie is living in Norfolk, Va.,where her husband is the operationsofficer at the Navy’s ComputerNetwork Defense Command.

Keith Ernst (’96) and his wife,Nisha Gopal, welcomed a seconddaughter, Swati Ernst, on April 8.Keith is senior policy counsel at theCenter for Responsible Lending inDurham.

Heather (McCallum) Hahn (’95)her husband, Jim, and stepdaugh-ters, Sierra,13, and Kira, 9, celebrat-ed the birth of Kai-Jin MacallumHahn, on May 19. Heather is on theEducation, Workforce, and IncomeSecurity Team at the U.S. Govern-ment Accountability Office inWashington, D.C.

Jon Rosenwasser (’95) and his wife,Jennifer, had their first child on Aug. 21, Max Isaac Rosenwasser. Jonworks in the Office of the Directorof National Intelligence inWashington, D.C.

Jess Hale (’88) published an article,“Cousins Near and Far: TheRelationship of Johnson BibleCollege to the Disciples of Christand the Churches of Christ,” in theSpring 2007 issue of TennesseeHistorical Quarterly. He was amongthe 250 attorneys, judges, law pro-fessors, legislators and other stateofficials who participated in the2007 Annual Meeting of theUniform Law Commission (ULC).He was appointed a TennesseeUniform Law Commissioner in 2006and serves on the ULC LegislativeCommittee.

Michael Bee (’86) was promoted toexecutive officer of the U.S. CoastGuard Intelligence CoordinationCenter (ICC) in Suitland, Md. ICCproduces intelligence to support theUSCG Commandant, Departmentof Homeland Security and the intel-ligence community.

Mark Flanders (’86) was namedassistant director Ohio LegislativeService Commission.

Jack Nichols (’77) is running forthe N.C. Senate in Wake County.Currently an attorney with Allenand Pinnix P.A., in Raleigh, Jack wasa Wake County Commissioner inthe 1990s.

Greetings from Niger, fromEric Haglund, MPP ’07:

“The guy I’m interviewing here is a local chief. We’re sitting in hisfields where he grows millet andcowpea discussing his experienceas a ‘pilot farmer’ using some ofthe improved agricultural tech-niques developed by ICRISAT,one of the organizations I’mworking with here in Niger.

ICRISAT has a lot of data onhow these techniques impactcrop yields and soil fertility, butthey haven’t been very system-atic in documenting the eco-nomic impact on the farmerswho use these techniques or thewillingness of farmers to trythese techniques without heavi-ly subsidized (or free) inputs.Needless to say I’m thinking alot about the evaluative meth-ods from your [Professor PhilCook’s] class. …”

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PAIDDurham, NC Permit No.60

Duke University Box 90239Durham, NC 27708-0239

is published four timesa year by the

Terry Sanford Institute of Public PolicyDuke University

Box 90239Durham, NC 27708-0239

www.pubpol.duke.edu

The Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy is a national and

international leader in public policy studies. Its mission is to

educate tomorrow’s leaders andimprove the quality of public

policymaking through research,professional training, and policy

and community engagement.

Institute Director:Bruce Kuniholm

Focus Editor: Karen Kemp

For more information, please contact ppsinfo@duke.edu

PUBL IC POL ICY

FocusDecades of politicalissues and players areon display at theSanford Institute in anexhibit of nearly 100political cartoons andcaricatures by award-winning cartoonistKevin “Kal” Kallaugher.Kal has been illustratingworld affairs for TheEconomist magazine ofLondon since 1978.

The exhibit, located in Rubenstein Hall from Nov. 7,2007 through the academic year, also includes selec-tions from the nearly 4,000 editorial cartoonsKal drew during 17 years at The BaltimoreSun.

The drawings offer perspectives on national and international politi-cal issues and events, from the fallof the Soviet Union and the end ofapartheid in South Africa to the9/11 and Katrina disasters in theUnited States.

During the spring semester, with an eye toward the 2008 presi-dential election, Kal will partici-pate in a Sanford Institute eventfocusing on the role of satire inpolitical discourse.

Kal’s work has appeared inmore than 100 publications worldwide, including LeMonde, Der Spiegel, Pravda, The International HeraldTribune, The New York Times, The New Yorker, Time,Newsweek and The Washington Post.

GALLERY‘Mightier Than the Sword: The SatiricalPen of KAL’• Kevin “Kal” Kallaugher

His cartoons are distributed worldwide byCartoonarts International and the New York TimesSyndicate. His fifth book of illustrations, KAL DrawsCriticism, was published in June 2006. 50% PCW RECYCLED PAPER