Art and CultureRenaissanceMannerism

Baroque

1500-1715

Medieval art

Art Reflects and Reacts to LIFE!

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

Why does art change?

The Black Plague Reformation

• Feudalism - Hierarchy• Famine and disease – bubonic plague• Gutenberg printing press• Patronage of the arts – Medici, Pope Julius II

and Pope Leo X• Women and Childhood

Legacy textbook – Pages 21-26 Question

Society in the Renaissance

• Influx of scholars of antiquity from Constantinople

• Curriculum of a “humanist” (teacher) was rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history and moral philosophy (ethics)

• Merchant class established• Florence, Italy (1450 onwards)• Ancient ideals

Humanism

Can you spot the differences?Which one is the Medieval painting?

Boticelli’s Primavera, 1480

Return to the Greek and Roman Classical style

Proportions/balance

Linear perspective- realism

New paint – oil!

Humanism-emotion

The ideal

Pyramid compositions

Attributes of Renaissance Art

Donatello The Penitent Magdalene, 1453-55

Cranach the ElderThe Last Supper, 1547

~1500 onwards

• Gothic influence• Secular Humanism• Landscapes • Reformation

– Brought religious art almost to a complete end

Albrecht DürerThe Four Apostles, 1526

Northern Renaissance: Outside of Italy

Leonardo Da Vinci Sfumato and Chiaroscuro

Stars of the Renaissance

MichelangeloPieta, 1499 Adam, Sistine Chapel, 1511

Mannerism (1520-1600)

Baroque

Protestant viewpoint

Catholic viewpoint

Council of Trent

Art during the Reformation and Counter Reformation

Protestant viewpoint

• Humans are made in God’s image. Therefore, all scenes of secular life are valid subjects for art

• Portraits• Iconoclastic movements• Glorify God through the

beauty of his creations

Catholic viewpoint

• Council of Trent (1563)• Focus on religious scenes

and allegories• Veneration paid to the

person him/herself and not the image.

• Images realistic – nothing confusing or decorative

Reformation and Counter Reformation

Exaggerated poses, in unrealistic settings

Two Mannerist Portraits

Parmigianino's Madonna of the Long Neck

More emotional approach to art with a sometimes distorted point of view

Elegance

Mystery, aloofness

Flaw for perfection

Mannerism

MichelangeloIgnudo, Sistine Chapel ceiling

El GrecoAdoration of the Shepards, 1605

Unnatural pose!

BerniniBaroque

Emotion

Two paintings in the Baroque era

Chiaroscuro and Tenebriso

Movement

Natural

Diagonal, “X” compositions

CarravaggioEntombment, 1600-04

VermeerGirl with a Pearl Earring, 1665

Compare and ContrastVenn diagram

• Linear perspective

• Iconoclasm

• Sfumato

• Tempera

• Humanism

• Foreshortening

• Mannerism

• Baroque

• Naturalism, Realism

• Secular

• Chiaroscuro

• Tenebriso

Based on the work of Amy Sohn

Important Terms