FALL PROTECTION AND LADDER

SAFETY

Fall Restraint - prevents fall or limits the movement of person

Fall Arrest - reduce shock to the body by shortening the free fall--it provides more room for movement of person

Fall RestrainFall Restrain

A proactive approach to prevent fall from happening by using

a.Guardrails

b.Hole covers

A proactive approach to prevent fall from happening by using

a.Guardrails

b.Hole covers

Fall RestrainFall RestrainFall RestrainFall RestrainGuardrail system:Guardrail system:

Top Rail

Mid Rail

Walking/Working Surface

200 lbs

150 lbs

50 lbs

42”+/- 3”

General Provision in HoistingAreas:

• During hoisting operations, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section shall be in place

• Prior to removal of the guardrail, the employee shall be protected by use of a personal fall arrest system

a. Guard Rail System

Leading EdgeLeading EdgeLeading EdgeLeading Edge

Ladderway/Stairway Openings

Shall be guarded on ALL exposed sides by railing and toeboards in a manner that a person cannot pass through it, except at the entrance to the opening.

b. Covers

Floor Openings

• Shall be covered of adequate strength

• Shall be guarded with railings and toeboard

• Ensure no openings more than 2.5cm (1 inch) that are not secured

b. Covers

Wall Openings

• Shall be solidly enclosed if:

a. less than 1m from the floor

b. height of at least 75 cm.

c. width of at least 45 cm.

d. there is a drop of more than 2 m.

b. Covers

• Also known as “Caution Tapes”, “Yellow Tapes” are used to warn individual of the surrounding hazards.

• It is implied that only authorized personnel are allowed beyond the warning lines.

• Must be placed in advance the danger area

a. Warning Lines

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

• Limits free fall to six feet which reduces force by decreasing fall distance

• Consists of:– Lanyard– Anchorage Point– Full Body Harness and Webbing Tie

Off– Lifeline

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

Lanyard

A device made of rope, wire or nylon strap used to tether the individual to an anchorage point and stop the individual in the event of a fall.

LanyardsLanyardsLanyardsLanyards

Deceleration DevicesDeceleration DevicesDeceleration DevicesDeceleration Devices

Automatically limit free-fall distance to less than two feet

Be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 3,000 lbs when fully extended

Self-retracting LanyardsSelf-retracting LanyardsSelf-retracting LanyardsSelf-retracting Lanyards

1. Be inspected prior to use

2. Be protected against being cut or abraded

3. Have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 lbs

4. Be the appropriate length

5. Be attached to an anchorage, not to itself

1. Be inspected prior to use

2. Be protected against being cut or abraded

3. Have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 lbs

4. Be the appropriate length

5. Be attached to an anchorage, not to itself

Lanyards shall:

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

Lanyards shall

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

6. Never be attach where there is a possibility of disengagement

7. Be ALWAYS with double locking system

8. Be installed as near above the head as much as possible to avoid swing in the event of fall

9. Do not loop to anchorage, use adaptor

adaptor

These durable, chemical resistant lanyards include an inner polyester core that stretches to reduce the arresting force in the event of a fall. The shock absorbing lanyards feature a deceleration distance of 42 inches or less.

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

LifelineCan be composed of:

• Vertical

• Horizontal

depending on the condition and type of job involved

LifelineLifelineLifelineLifeline

LifelineLifelineLifelineLifeline

LifelineLifelineLifelineLifeline

Notes in the Usage of Lifelines

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

1. Reduce sagging---it adds to height of free fall;

2. Anchored to rigid structure that could withstand 5000 lbs. force;

3. Not too tight that could lead to breakage;

4. Never hook more than one person to it without determining its capacity first.

Fall ProtectionFall Protection

Anchorage Point

A secure point of attachmentfor lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices.

Anchorage Point

A secure point of attachmentfor lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices.

Anchorage DeviceAnchorage DeviceAnchorage DeviceAnchorage Device

Fall ProtectionFall ProtectionAnchorage points used forattachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be:

• Located at or above the employee’s waist

• Capable of supporting more than 5,000 lbs per person

• Designed and built to hold the maximum force of the fall arrest

Anchorage points used forattachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be:

• Located at or above the employee’s waist

• Capable of supporting more than 5,000 lbs per person

• Designed and built to hold the maximum force of the fall arrest

Fall ProtectionFall Protection

Full Body Harness:

• The attachment point of a body harness is located in the center of the wearer’s back near shoulder level

• Body belts are not allowed on site

• Snaphooks shall be a double locking-type

Full Body Harness:

• The attachment point of a body harness is located in the center of the wearer’s back near shoulder level

• Body belts are not allowed on site

• Snaphooks shall be a double locking-type

Body HarnessBody HarnessBody HarnessBody Harness

Webbing Tie OffWebbing Tie OffWebbing Tie OffWebbing Tie Off

after a fall arrest, equipment subjected to arresting a fall will be destroyed to ensure that it is not reused check for broken threads/fibers/stitches check for lost of diameter check metal parts for cracks and corrosion clean equipment after use with mild soap air dry equipment, do not hang in direct sunlight store equipment in a cool, dark, dry and well ventilated place inspect the equipment at least twice a year

Care for fall arrest devices:

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

3 Factors to Consider

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

1. Use the right equipment

2. The equipment must be in perfect condition

3. You know how to use it

4 Components

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System

1. Harness

2. Lanyard

3. Anchorage

4. Lifeline

Other Types of Other Types of Fall Arrest Fall Arrest

SystemSystem

Other Types of Other Types of Fall Arrest Fall Arrest

SystemSystem

“When you build a new house, be sure to put a railing around the edge of the roof. Then you will not be responsible if someone falls off and is killed.”

Deuteronomy 22:8

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Participants will be able to:

• Identify safe and unsafe ladder practices

• Describe correct practices when ascending and descending a ladder

• Discuss proper setting-up of ladders

Over-reaching from ladders, rather than moving them

Standing ladders on boxes, etc., to gain additional height

Too much haste in climbing or descending

Climbing one-handed while carrying something in the other hand

Standing at the very top of a short ladder, rather getting one long enough for the job

Hanging tools from rudder rungs, or leaving tools on the top of the stepladder

Throwing tools to a fellow worker on a ladder

Placing the ladder at an improper angle

Using metal ladders in locations where contact with electric wire is possible

Using worn or damaged ladders

Failure to secure (tie) the ladder in place

Common Causes of Ladder AccidentCommon Causes of Ladder Accident

Ladder TypesLadder TypesLadder TypesLadder Types

Straight ladder Step ladder

Notes on Extension LaddersNotes on Extension LaddersNotes on Extension LaddersNotes on Extension Ladders

at 36’ length must have 3’ overlap

at 36’ – 48’ length must have 4’ overlap

at over 48’ must have 5’ overlap

inspect and test pulleys, springs, rung locks and ropes

use only as access, not as work platform

Notes on Step LaddersNotes on Step LaddersNotes on Step LaddersNotes on Step Ladders

maximum height must be limited to 20’

never step on the cap or paint shelf

ensure spreaders are fully extended and locked

do not use the last two rungs

cappaint shelf

Maintain three points of contact with the ladder at all times

Maintain the center line of your body between the ladder’s vertical support rails while working

Check bottom of shoes and ladder rungs for grease and dirt

Always:

Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety

Make sure ladder has non-skid pads

Never transfer from one ladder to another, go down the ladder and climb to the other ladder

Ensure only one person on the ladder at a time

Store ladders on their side or secure with a chain or cable when stored in an upright position

Always:

Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety

No matter how quickly a job can be No matter how quickly a job can be done, there is always time to fall”done, there is always time to fall”

SAFE UNSAFE

Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety

In Ladder SafetyIn Ladder Safety

•

•

Don’t: Do:overreach from a ladder move the ladder

use the top two rungs get a taller ladder

use wood or metal ladders use fiberglass only

move a ladder while on it get down and move the ladder

climb with material use a toolbelt

share a ladder get a 2nd ladder

Ladder SafetyLadder Safety

Always remember the “Belt-Buckle Rule”

Ladder SafetyLadder Safety

Follow the 4:1 rule

5 ft.

20 ft.4:1 Rule

4

1

A minimum of 36 inches overlap is required

Must be secured at the top

Must have a clear area where the feet of the ladder will be positioned

Must have area secured with cones or barrier tape, or have an attendant

Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder SafetyLadder Safety

Ladder SafetyLadder Safety

Follow these four simple steps inLadder Safety:

• Use the right ladder for the job

• Inspect the ladder

• Set-up the ladder properly

• Follow rules for climbing and using ladders