fall protection for construction. training objectives v nature of fall hazards in the work area v...

Fall Protection for Fall Protection for ConstructionConstruction

Training objectivesTraining objectives

Nature of fall hazards in the work Nature of fall hazards in the work areaarea

Subpart M of the construction Subpart M of the construction regulationsregulations

1a


Procedures for erecting, Procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting fall protection systemsinspecting fall protection systems

1b


Use and operation of:Use and operation of:• guardrail systemsguardrail systems• personal fall arrest systemspersonal fall arrest systems• safety net systemssafety net systems• warning line systemswarning line systems• safety monitoring systemssafety monitoring systems• controlled access zonescontrolled access zones• other protections to be usedother protections to be used

1c


Role of each employee when a Role of each employee when a safety monitoring system is usedsafety monitoring system is used

Role of employees in fall protection Role of employees in fall protection plansplans

1d


Limitations on the use of Limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during mechanical equipment during roofing work on low-sloped roofsroofing work on low-sloped roofs

1e


Correct procedures for the Correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment handling and storage of equipment and materials and the erection of and materials and the erection of overhead protectionoverhead protection

1f

Fall hazards in the work Fall hazards in the work areaarea

Falls are one of the major causes Falls are one of the major causes of injuries to construction workersof injuries to construction workers

Working at the Working at the leading edge of leading edge of floors, formwork, floors, formwork, or roofsor roofs

2a

Fall hazards in the work Fall hazards in the work areaarea

Leaning over for overhand Leaning over for overhand bricklaying workbricklaying work

Working near Working near holes or openingsholes or openings

Walking on Walking on elevated ramps elevated ramps or runwaysor runways

2b

Standard applicabilityStandard applicability

The OSHA standard requires The OSHA standard requires construction employers to:construction employers to:• identify and evaluate fall hazardsidentify and evaluate fall hazards• provide fall protectionprovide fall protection• train employeestrain employees

The requirements are The requirements are performance-orientedperformance-oriented

3a


The standard does not cover The standard does not cover construction workers who are construction workers who are inspecting, investigating, or inspecting, investigating, or assessing workplace conditions:assessing workplace conditions:• prior to the actual start of work; orprior to the actual start of work; or• after all work has been completedafter all work has been completed

3b


Other OSHA standards also contain Other OSHA standards also contain fall protection requirements, but fall protection requirements, but they may not outline specific rules they may not outline specific rules for fall protection during all parts for fall protection during all parts of the jobof the job

3c


Review:Review:• Subpart L - ScaffoldsSubpart L - Scaffolds• Subpart N - Cranes and derricksSubpart N - Cranes and derricks• Subpart R - Steel erectionSubpart R - Steel erection• Subpart S - TunnelingSubpart S - Tunneling• Subpart V - Electric transmission and Subpart V - Electric transmission and

distribution lines and equipmentdistribution lines and equipment• Subpart X - Stairways and laddersSubpart X - Stairways and ladders

3d

Fall protection measuresFall protection measures

All walking and working surfaces All walking and working surfaces must be strong enough to safely must be strong enough to safely support employeessupport employees

Employees must be protected from Employees must be protected from fall hazards whenever they are 6 fall hazards whenever they are 6 feet or more above a lower levelfeet or more above a lower level

4a


Construction workers who are Construction workers who are exposed to the hazard of falling exposed to the hazard of falling onto or into dangerous equipment onto or into dangerous equipment must be protected at any heightmust be protected at any height

All employees must be protected All employees must be protected from falling objectsfrom falling objects

4b


Guardrail systemsGuardrail systems

Safety net systemsSafety net systems

Personal fall arrest systemsPersonal fall arrest systems

Positioning device systemsPositioning device systems

4c


Warning line systemsWarning line systems

Controlled access zonesControlled access zones

Safety monitoring systemsSafety monitoring systems

CoversCovers

4d

TermsTerms

AnchorageAnchorage

Body belt (safety belt)Body belt (safety belt)

Body harnessBody harness

Controlled access zone (CAZ) Controlled access zone (CAZ)

5a

TermsTerms

Dangerous equipment Dangerous equipment

Deceleration device Deceleration device

Deceleration distance Deceleration distance

Free fall Free fall

5b

TermsTerms

Free fall distance Free fall distance

Guardrail system Guardrail system

Lanyard Lanyard

Leading edgeLeading edge

5c

TermsTerms

LifelineLifeline

Low-slope roofLow-slope roof

Lower levelsLower levels

Mechanical equipmentMechanical equipment

5d

TermsTerms

Overhand bricklaying and related Overhand bricklaying and related workwork

Personal fall arrest systemPersonal fall arrest system

Positioning device systemPositioning device system

Roofing workRoofing work

5e

TermsTerms

Safety-monitoring systemSafety-monitoring system

Self-retracting lifeline/lanyardSelf-retracting lifeline/lanyard

Steep roofSteep roof

5f

TermsTerms

Unprotected sides and edgesUnprotected sides and edges

Walking/working surfaceWalking/working surface

Warning line systemWarning line system

5g


The top edge height of top rails The top edge height of top rails must be between 39 inches and 45 must be between 39 inches and 45 inches above inches above the walking/the walking/working levelworking level

6a


Midrails, screens, mesh, or Midrails, screens, mesh, or intermediate vertical members are intermediate vertical members are needed when there is no wall or needed when there is no wall or parapet parapet wall at least wall at least 21-inches 21-inches highhigh

6b


Guardrail systems must be able to Guardrail systems must be able to withstand the forces specified in withstand the forces specified in OSHA’s standardOSHA’s standard

Steel or plastic Steel or plastic banding banding cannot be cannot be used as top used as top rails or midrailsrails or midrails

6c


Top rails and midrails must have a Top rails and midrails must have a diameter of at least 1/4-inchdiameter of at least 1/4-inch

If wire rope is used for top rails, it If wire rope is used for top rails, it must be flagged with high-visibility must be flagged with high-visibility material at least every 6 feetmaterial at least every 6 feet

6d


Top rails or midrails made from Top rails or midrails made from manila, plastic or synthetic rope manila, plastic or synthetic rope must be inspected frequentlymust be inspected frequently

The guardrail’s surface must be The guardrail’s surface must be smooth enough so it does not smooth enough so it does not cause lacerations or other injuries, cause lacerations or other injuries, or snag clothingor snag clothing

6e


The ends of top rails and midrails The ends of top rails and midrails must not overhang the terminal must not overhang the terminal posts to create a projection hazardposts to create a projection hazard

6f


Safety nets must be installed as Safety nets must be installed as close as practicable under the close as practicable under the walking/working surface, but in no walking/working surface, but in no case more than 30 feet below the case more than 30 feet below the surfacesurface

7a


When nets are used on bridges, When nets are used on bridges, the potential fall area from the the potential fall area from the walking/working surface to the net walking/working surface to the net must be unobstructedmust be unobstructed

7b


Safety nets are to extend outward Safety nets are to extend outward from the work surface by a from the work surface by a sufficient distance as specified in sufficient distance as specified in the standardthe standard

Safety nets must Safety nets must have sufficient have sufficient clearance under clearance under themthem

7c


Safety nets must be capable of Safety nets must be capable of absorbing an impact force equal to absorbing an impact force equal to the standard’s specified drop testthe standard’s specified drop test

Defective nets Defective nets must not be usedmust not be used

7d


Inspect safety nets at least once a Inspect safety nets at least once a week for wear, damage, and other week for wear, damage, and other deteriorationdeterioration

Safety nets must also be inspected Safety nets must also be inspected after any occurrence that could after any occurrence that could affect the integrity of the safety affect the integrity of the safety net systemnet system

7e

Personal fall arrest Personal fall arrest systemssystems

Effective January 1, 1998, body Effective January 1, 1998, body belts are not acceptable as part of belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest systema personal fall arrest system

Connectors, dee-rings, Connectors, dee-rings, and snaphooks must and snaphooks must meet the standard’s meet the standard’s design and strength requirementsdesign and strength requirements

8a


Devices used to connect to a Devices used to connect to a horizontal lifeline are to be capable horizontal lifeline are to be capable of locking in both directions on the of locking in both directions on the lifelinelifeline

Lanyards and vertical Lanyards and vertical lifelines must meet the standard’s lifelines must meet the standard’s minimum minimum breaking strength breaking strength requirementsrequirements

8b


When vertical lifelines are used, When vertical lifelines are used, each employee must be attached each employee must be attached to a separate lifelineto a separate lifeline

Lifelines must be Lifelines must be protected from being protected from being cut or abradedcut or abraded

8c


Self-retracting lifelines and Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards must meet the standard’s lanyards must meet the standard’s load requirementsload requirements

Anchorages used for personal fall Anchorages used for personal fall arrest equipment must be arrest equipment must be independent of any anchorage independent of any anchorage being used to support or suspend being used to support or suspend platformsplatforms

8d

Personal fall arrest systems - Personal fall arrest systems - when stopping a fall mustwhen stopping a fall must

Limit the maximum arresting force Limit the maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds on an employee to 1,800 pounds when used with a body harnesswhen used with a body harness

Be rigged so that an Be rigged so that an employee cannot free employee cannot free fall more than 6 feetfall more than 6 feet

8e

Be rigged so that an employee will Be rigged so that an employee will not contact any lower levelnot contact any lower level

Bring an employee to a complete Bring an employee to a complete stop and limit stop and limit the employee’s the employee’s maximum deceleration maximum deceleration distance to 3.5 feetdistance to 3.5 feet

8f


Have sufficient strength to Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the anticipated withstand twice the anticipated potential impact energypotential impact energy

8g


Positioning Device Positioning Device SystemsSystems

Positioning devices are to be Positioning devices are to be rigged so that an employee cannot rigged so that an employee cannot free fall more free fall more than 2 feetthan 2 feet

9a


Positioning devices must be Positioning devices must be secured to an anchorage capable secured to an anchorage capable of supporting:of supporting:• at least twice the at least twice the

potential impact load of potential impact load of an employee’s fall; oran employee’s fall; or

• 3,000 pounds, 3,000 pounds, whichever is greaterwhichever is greater

9b


Connectors, dee-rings, and Connectors, dee-rings, and snaphooks must meet the snaphooks must meet the standard’s design and standard’s design and strength requirementsstrength requirements

9c


Positioning device systems must Positioning device systems must be inspected before each use for:be inspected before each use for:• wearwear• damagedamage• deteriorationdeterioration• defective componentsdefective components

9d


Body belts and components must Body belts and components must only be used as part of a only be used as part of a positioning device positioning device system—they cannot system—they cannot be used to hoist be used to hoist materialsmaterials

9e

Fall protection systemsFall protection systems

Employers have a duty to Employers have a duty to anticipate fall hazards, and to plan anticipate fall hazards, and to plan work activities accordinglywork activities accordingly

Careful planning and preparation Careful planning and preparation lay the necessary groundwork for lay the necessary groundwork for an accident-free workplacean accident-free workplace

10a


Limit work activities to Limit work activities to walking/working surfaces that have walking/working surfaces that have the strength and structural the strength and structural integrity to safely support integrity to safely support employeesemployees

10b


The rule identifies areas or The rule identifies areas or activities where fall protection is activities where fall protection is needed. These include, but are not needed. These include, but are not limited to:limited to:• unprotected sides and edgesunprotected sides and edges• hoist areashoist areas• holesholes• wall openingswall openings• formwork and reinforcing steelformwork and reinforcing steel

10c


The rule identifies areas or The rule identifies areas or activities where fall protection is activities where fall protection is needed. These include, but are not needed. These include, but are not limited to:limited to:• ramps, runways, and other walkwaysramps, runways, and other walkways• excavations (protection from falling excavations (protection from falling

into excavations greater that 6-feet into excavations greater that 6-feet deep only)deep only)

10d


The rule identifies areas or The rule identifies areas or activities where fall protection is activities where fall protection is needed. These include, but are not needed. These include, but are not limited to:limited to:• dangerous equipmentdangerous equipment• overhand bricklaying and related overhand bricklaying and related

workwork

10e


The rule identifies areas or The rule identifies areas or activities where fall protection is activities where fall protection is needed. These include, but are not needed. These include, but are not limited to:limited to:• roofing workroofing work• leading edge workleading edge work• precast concrete erectionprecast concrete erection

10f


The rule identifies areas or The rule identifies areas or activities where fall protection is activities where fall protection is needed. These include, but are not needed. These include, but are not limited to:limited to:• residential constructionresidential construction

• other walking and working surfacesother walking and working surfaces

10g


Employers need to:Employers need to:• give instructions to prevent exposure give instructions to prevent exposure

to unsafe conditionsto unsafe conditions• ensure employees follow the ensure employees follow the

procedures and understand the procedures and understand the trainingtraining

• be aware of the safety methods being be aware of the safety methods being used by specialty subcontractorsused by specialty subcontractors

10h

Unprotected sides and Unprotected sides and edgesedges

Employees must be protected Employees must be protected when they are exposed to falls when they are exposed to falls from unprotected sides and edges from unprotected sides and edges of walking/of walking/working surfaces working surfaces 6 feet or more 6 feet or more above lower levelsabove lower levels

11a

Unprotected sides and Unprotected sides and edgesedges

Fall protection options include:Fall protection options include:• Guardrail systemsGuardrail systems• Safety net systemsSafety net systems

• Personal fall arrest Personal fall arrest systemssystems

11b

Protecting hoist areasProtecting hoist areas

Employees in a hoist area must be Employees in a hoist area must be protected from falling 6 feet or protected from falling 6 feet or moremore

Fall protection Fall protection options include:options include:• guardrail systemsguardrail systems

• personal fall personal fall arrest systemsarrest systems

12a

Protecting hoist areasProtecting hoist areas

When guardrail systems are used When guardrail systems are used at hoisting areas, a chain, gate, or at hoisting areas, a chain, gate, or removable guardrail section must removable guardrail section must be placed across the access be placed across the access opening when hoisting operations opening when hoisting operations are not taking placeare not taking place

12b

Protection for holesProtection for holes

Employees must be protected Employees must be protected from:from:• falling into or through holesfalling into or through holes• tripping in, or tripping in, or

stepping into or stepping into or through holesthrough holes

• objects falling objects falling through holes through holes

13a


Covers located where there is Covers located where there is vehicular traffic must be able to vehicular traffic must be able to support at least twice the support at least twice the maximum axle load maximum axle load of the largest of the largest vehicle expected vehicle expected to cross over the to cross over the covercover

13b


All other covers must be able to All other covers must be able to support at least twice the weight of support at least twice the weight of employees, equipment, and employees, equipment, and materials that materials that may cross over may cross over the cover at any the cover at any one timeone time

13c


Covers must be secured in placeCovers must be secured in place

Covers must be Covers must be color coded or color coded or marked with the marked with the word “HOLE” or word “HOLE” or “COVER” to “COVER” to provide a warningprovide a warning

13d

Protecting wall openingsProtecting wall openings

Employees must be protected from Employees must be protected from falling out or or through wall falling out or or through wall openingsopenings

Fall protection options include:Fall protection options include:• guardrail systemsguardrail systems• safety net systemssafety net systems

• personal fall arrest systemspersonal fall arrest systems

14a

Formwork and reinforcing Formwork and reinforcing steelsteel

Employees working on formwork Employees working on formwork and reinforcing steel 6 feet or and reinforcing steel 6 feet or more above lower levels must be more above lower levels must be protected protected by one of the following:by one of the following:• Personal fall arrest systemPersonal fall arrest system• Safety net systemSafety net system• Positioning device systemPositioning device system

15a

Formwork and reinforcing Formwork and reinforcing steelsteel

Fall protection is not required Fall protection is not required while while employees are movingemployees are moving vertically vertically and/or horizontally on the vertical and/or horizontally on the vertical face of rebar assemblies built in face of rebar assemblies built in placeplace

15b

Ramps, runways, and Ramps, runways, and walkwayswalkways

Ramps, runways, and other Ramps, runways, and other walkways have guardrails along walkways have guardrails along each unprotected side each unprotected side or edge when or edge when employees could employees could fall 6 feet or fall 6 feet or moremore

16a

ExcavationsExcavations

If the excavation depth is 6 feet or If the excavation depth is 6 feet or more, edges of excavations must more, edges of excavations must be protected by:be protected by:• guardrail systemsguardrail systems• fencesfences• barricadesbarricades

17a

Falls into dangerous Falls into dangerous equipmentequipment

Employees working 6 feet or more Employees working 6 feet or more above dangerous equipment must above dangerous equipment must be protected from falling by one of be protected from falling by one of the following systems:the following systems:• Guardrail systemsGuardrail systems• Personal fall arrest systemsPersonal fall arrest systems

• Safety net systemsSafety net systems

18a

Falls into dangerous Falls into dangerous equipmentequipment

Where the walking/working surface Where the walking/working surface is less than 6 feet above the is less than 6 feet above the dangerous equipment hazards, dangerous equipment hazards, guardrails or equipment guards guardrails or equipment guards must shield employees from the must shield employees from the hazardhazard

18b

Overhand bricklayingOverhand bricklaying

Each employee performing Each employee performing overhand bricklaying and related overhand bricklaying and related work 6 feet or more above lower work 6 feet or more above lower levels must be protected by one of levels must be protected by one of the following systems:the following systems:

19a





Controlled access zonesControlled access zones

19b


The controlled access zone:The controlled access zone:• is defined by a control line erected is defined by a control line erected

between 10 feet and 15 feet from the between 10 feet and 15 feet from the working edgeworking edge

19c


The controlled access zone:The controlled access zone:• must extend far enough to enclose all must extend far enough to enclose all

employees performing overhand employees performing overhand bricklaying and related work at the bricklaying and related work at the working edgeworking edge

19d


The controlled access zone:The controlled access zone:• needs additional control lines erected needs additional control lines erected

at each end to enclose the controlled at each end to enclose the controlled access zoneaccess zone

• allows only employees engaged in allows only employees engaged in overhand bricklaying or related work overhand bricklaying or related work in the controlled access zonein the controlled access zone

19e


Control lines consist of ropes, Control lines consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent wires, tapes, or equivalent materials, and supporting materials, and supporting stanchions as follows:stanchions as follows:• Each line is flagged or otherwise Each line is flagged or otherwise

clearly marked with high-visibility clearly marked with high-visibility material at intervals of at least 6 feetmaterial at intervals of at least 6 feet

19f


Control lines consist of ropes, Control lines consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent wires, tapes, or equivalent materials, and supporting materials, and supporting stanchions as follows:stanchions as follows:

19f


• Each line is rigged and supported so Each line is rigged and supported so that:that:– its lowest point is at least 39 inches from its lowest point is at least 39 inches from

the walking/working surfacethe walking/working surface– its highest point is not more than 50 its highest point is not more than 50

inches from the walking/working surfaceinches from the walking/working surface• Each line must have a minimum Each line must have a minimum

breaking strength of 200 poundsbreaking strength of 200 pounds

19g


All employees reaching more than All employees reaching more than 10 inches below the level of a 10 inches below the level of a walking/working surface must be walking/working surface must be protected from fallingprotected from falling

19h


Fall protection options include:Fall protection options include:• guardrailsguardrails• personal fall arrest systemspersonal fall arrest systems

• safety netssafety nets

19i


To provide for falling object To provide for falling object protection during overhand protection during overhand bricklaying and related work:bricklaying and related work:• no materials or equipment except no materials or equipment except

masonry and mortar can be stored masonry and mortar can be stored within 4 feet of the working edgewithin 4 feet of the working edge

19j


To provide for falling object To provide for falling object protection during overhand protection during overhand bricklaying and related work:bricklaying and related work:• excess mortar, broken or scattered excess mortar, broken or scattered

masonry units, and all other materials masonry units, and all other materials and debris must be removed at and debris must be removed at regular intervalsregular intervals

19k

Roofing on low-slope roofsRoofing on low-slope roofs

Employees engaged in roofing Employees engaged in roofing activities on low-slope roofs with activities on low-slope roofs with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels must or more above lower levels must be protected by one of the be protected by one of the following methods:following methods:

20a





20b


A combination of warning line and A combination of warning line and guardrail systemsguardrail systems

A combination of warning line and A combination of warning line and safety net systemssafety net systems

A combination of warning line and A combination of warning line and personal fall arrest systemspersonal fall arrest systems

20c


A combination of warning line and A combination of warning line and safety monitoring systemssafety monitoring systems

On roofs 50 feet or less in width, On roofs 50 feet or less in width, the use of a safety monitoring the use of a safety monitoring system alonesystem alone

20d

Roofing on low-slope roofs: Roofing on low-slope roofs: safety monitoring systemsafety monitoring system

When a safety monitoring system is When a safety monitoring system is used:used:

A designated competent person A designated competent person must monitor employee safetymust monitor employee safety

The safety monitor cannot have The safety monitor cannot have other responsibilities that could other responsibilities that could distract him/her from the distract him/her from the monitoring functionmonitoring function

20e


Mechanical equipment must not be Mechanical equipment must not be used or stored in areas where used or stored in areas where safety monitoring systems are safety monitoring systems are being usedbeing used

20f


No employee, other than an No employee, other than an employee engaged in roofing work, employee engaged in roofing work, or an employee covered by a fall or an employee covered by a fall protection plan, can be allowed in protection plan, can be allowed in an area where an employee is an area where an employee is being protected by a safety being protected by a safety monitoring systemmonitoring system

20g


Each employee working in a Each employee working in a controlled access zone must controlled access zone must comply with fall hazard warnings comply with fall hazard warnings from safety monitorsfrom safety monitors

20h

Roofing on low-slope roofs: Roofing on low-slope roofs: warning line systemwarning line system

When warning line systems are When warning line systems are used:used:

Warning line systems are to be Warning line systems are to be erected around all sides of the roof erected around all sides of the roof work areawork area

20i


The warning line must be at least 6 The warning line must be at least 6 feet from the roof edge when feet from the roof edge when mechanical equipment is not being mechanical equipment is not being usedused

20j


The warning line must be farther The warning line must be farther from the roof edge when from the roof edge when mechanical equipment is being mechanical equipment is being usedused

20k


Two warning lines must form an Two warning lines must form an access path to connect points of access path to connect points of access, materials handling areas, access, materials handling areas, storage areas, and hoisting areas storage areas, and hoisting areas to the work areato the work area

20l


When a point of access is not in When a point of access is not in use, a rope, wire, chain, or other use, a rope, wire, chain, or other barricade, must be placed across barricade, must be placed across the paththe path

20m


Warning line ropes, wires, chains, Warning line ropes, wires, chains, and supporting stanchions must and supporting stanchions must meet the standard’s design and meet the standard’s design and strength requirementsstrength requirements

20n


No employee is allowed in the area No employee is allowed in the area between a roof edge and a between a roof edge and a warning line unless the employee warning line unless the employee is performing roofing work in that is performing roofing work in that areaarea

20o


To provide for falling object To provide for falling object protection during roofing work:protection during roofing work:• materials and equipment must not be materials and equipment must not be

stored within 6 feet of a roof edge stored within 6 feet of a roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the unless guardrails are erected at the edgeedge

• materials that are piled, grouped, or materials that are piled, grouped, or stacked near a roof edge must be stacked near a roof edge must be stable and self-supportingstable and self-supporting

20p

Roofing on steep roofsRoofing on steep roofs

Each employee engaged in roofing Each employee engaged in roofing activities on steep roofs with activities on steep roofs with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels must or more above lower levels must be protected from falling be protected from falling

21a


A steep roof has slopes greater A steep roof has slopes greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal) than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal)

21b


Fall protection options include:Fall protection options include:• Guardrail systems with toeboardsGuardrail systems with toeboards• Personal fall arrest systemsPersonal fall arrest systems

• Safety net systemsSafety net systems

21c

Leading edge workLeading edge work

Leading edge work 6 feet or more Leading edge work 6 feet or more above lower levels requires one of above lower levels requires one of the following fall protection the following fall protection methods:methods:• Guardrail systemsGuardrail systems• Safety net systemsSafety net systems

• Personal fall arrest systemsPersonal fall arrest systems

22a


If these conventional systems If these conventional systems cannot be used, a fall protection cannot be used, a fall protection plan must be in placeplan must be in place

22b


When used to control access to When used to control access to areas where leading edge and areas where leading edge and other operations are taking place, other operations are taking place, the controlled access zone is the controlled access zone is defined by a control line that defined by a control line that restricts accessrestricts access

22c


When control lines are used, they When control lines are used, they are to be between 6 feet and 25 are to be between 6 feet and 25 feet from the unprotected or feet from the unprotected or leading edge, except when leading edge, except when erecting precast concrete erecting precast concrete membersmembers

22d


The control line must extend along The control line must extend along the entire length of the the entire length of the unprotected or leading edgeunprotected or leading edge

Each side of the control line is to Each side of the control line is to be connected to a guardrail system be connected to a guardrail system or wallor wall

22e

Leading edge work - Leading edge work - control linescontrol lines

Control lines consist of ropes, wires, Control lines consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent materials, and tapes, or equivalent materials, and supporting stanchions as follows:supporting stanchions as follows:

22f


Each line must be flagged or Each line must be flagged or otherwise clearly marked with otherwise clearly marked with high-visibility material at intervals high-visibility material at intervals of at least 6 feetof at least 6 feet

22g


Each line is to be rigged and Each line is to be rigged and supported so that its:supported so that its:• lowest point is at least 39 inches from lowest point is at least 39 inches from

the walking/working surfacethe walking/working surface• highest point is not more than 45 highest point is not more than 45

inchesinches

Each line must have a minimum Each line must have a minimum breaking strength of 200 poundsbreaking strength of 200 pounds

22h

Precast concrete erectionPrecast concrete erection

Erecting precast concrete Erecting precast concrete members 6 feet or more above a members 6 feet or more above a lower level requires one of the lower level requires one of the following fall protection methods:following fall protection methods:• Guardrail systemsGuardrail systems• Safety net systemsSafety net systems

• Personal fall arrest systemsPersonal fall arrest systems

23a


If these conventional systems If these conventional systems cannot be used, a fall protection cannot be used, a fall protection plan must be in placeplan must be in place

23b


A controlled access zone may be A controlled access zone may be used to control access to areas used to control access to areas where leading edge and other where leading edge and other operations are taking placeoperations are taking place

23c


The controlled access zone is The controlled access zone is defined by a control line (or other defined by a control line (or other means) that restricts accessmeans) that restricts access

23d


When erecting precast concrete When erecting precast concrete members, the control line is to be:members, the control line is to be:• between 6 feet and 60 feet; orbetween 6 feet and 60 feet; or• half the length of the member being half the length of the member being

erected, whichever is less, from the erected, whichever is less, from the leading edgeleading edge

23e


The control line must extend along The control line must extend along the entire length of the the entire length of the unprotected or leading edgeunprotected or leading edge

Each side of the control line is to Each side of the control line is to be connected to a guardrail system be connected to a guardrail system or wallor wall

23f

Precast concrete erection - Precast concrete erection - control linescontrol lines

Control lines consist of ropes, wires, Control lines consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent materials, and tapes, or equivalent materials, and supporting stanchions as follows:supporting stanchions as follows:

23g


Each line is to be flagged or Each line is to be flagged or otherwise clearly marked with otherwise clearly marked with high-visibility material at intervals high-visibility material at intervals of at least 6 feetof at least 6 feet

23h


Each line is to be rigged and Each line is to be rigged and supported so that its:supported so that its:• lowest point is at least 39 inches from lowest point is at least 39 inches from

the walking/working surfacethe walking/working surface• highest point is not more than 45 highest point is not more than 45

inchesinches Each line must have a minimum Each line must have a minimum

breaking strength of 200 poundsbreaking strength of 200 pounds

23i

Residential constructionResidential construction

Employers engaged in residential Employers engaged in residential construction must protect construction must protect employees from falls of 6 feet or employees from falls of 6 feet or more to lower levels by the use of more to lower levels by the use of one of these fall protection one of these fall protection systems:systems:• Guardrail systemsGuardrail systems• Safety net systemsSafety net systems• Personal fall arrest systemsPersonal fall arrest systems

24a

Residential constructionResidential construction

If it is infeasible or creates a If it is infeasible or creates a greater hazard to implement these greater hazard to implement these conventional systems, a fall conventional systems, a fall protection plan can be used protection plan can be used insteadinstead

24b

Fall protection plansFall protection plans

The use of a fall protection plan is The use of a fall protection plan is available only to employees available only to employees engaged in:engaged in:• leading edge workleading edge work• precast concrete erection workprecast concrete erection work• residential construction workresidential construction work

25a

Fall protection plansFall protection plans

Fall protection plans must Fall protection plans must developed by a competent persondeveloped by a competent person

25b

Other walking/working Other walking/working surfacessurfaces

All employees exposed to falls of 6 All employees exposed to falls of 6 feet or more to lower levels must feet or more to lower levels must be protected be protected by a:by a:• guardrail systemguardrail system• safety net systemsafety net system• personal fall arrest systempersonal fall arrest system

26a

Protection from falling Protection from falling objectsobjects

Employees who may be exposed to Employees who may be exposed to falling objects are required to wear falling objects are required to wear hard hatshard hats

27a


Employers must also do one of the Employers must also do one of the following: following: • Erect toeboards, screens, or guardrail Erect toeboards, screens, or guardrail

systems to prevent objects from systems to prevent objects from falling from higher levelsfalling from higher levels

• Erect a canopy structure and keep Erect a canopy structure and keep potential falling objects far enough potential falling objects far enough from the edge of the higher levelfrom the edge of the higher level

27b


Employers must also do one of the Employers must also do one of the following:following:• Barricade the area to which objects Barricade the area to which objects

could fall, and keep employees out of could fall, and keep employees out of theareathearea

• Keep objects far enough away from Keep objects far enough away from the edge of a higher levelthe edge of a higher level

27c


Falling object protection must Falling object protection must meet the standard’s design and meet the standard’s design and strength requirementsstrength requirements

27d

fall protection for construction. training objectives v nature of fall hazards in the work area v...

Documents

employees v employees

construction workers

work area v subpart

v role of employees

construction slide

training objectives

training objectives

openings v walking