Fall Semester Review

• Are these forensic science department standard or optional: – Biology

– Document Examination

– Toxicology

– Photography

– Polygraph

– Firearms

– Evidence Collection

• This case set the standard for evidence admissibility until it was replaced in 1993.

• FRYE v. UNITED STATES

• What was the case about?

• The admissibility of the polygraph

• What is the name of the Standard that replaced Frye?

• Rule 702

• Rule 702 stems from what court case?

• Daubert v. Merrill Dow Pharmecuticals

• The examination of skeletal remains to determine the identity of the deceased?

• Forensic Anthroppology

• The examination of insects and insect-related matter to aide in criminal investigations. Primarily to determine time of death

• Forensic Entomology

• The examination of blood, semen, and other bodily fluids in relation to a criminal case

• Forensic Serology

• The examination of dental records, teeth, and bitemarks in relation to criminal cases

• Forensic Odontology

• Who wrote the Sherlock Holmes novels?

• Arthur Conan Doyle

• Who is the father of toxicology?

• Orfila

• Who came up with Transfer theory (exchange principle)

• Locard

Who developed a system of identification based on body measurement?

Bertillon

• Who developed the antibody test for blood types?

• Lattes

• What type of crime uses the crime lab the most?

• Drug arrests

• This effect states that we are better at correctly identifying someone if they are of the same race

• Cross Race Effect

• Which of these increase the likelihood of a correct ID?

– Being very old

– Being very attractive

– Being very unattractive

– Having a tattoo

– Being of the same race

– Being in a familiar place

• Evaluates post conviction cases to prove wrongful convictions

• Project Innocence

• When two objects touch there will be a cross transfer of material. “Every contact leaves a trace”

• Locard’s Principle of Exchange (AKA Transfer Theory)

• Famous blood spatter analyst who assisted in the Sam Shepard case?

• Paul Kirk

• Famous anthropologist who developed a research facility dedicated to human decomposition

• William Bass

• The scientific study of fingerprint identification?

• Dactyloscopy

• Minimum number of points of identification to use a fingerprint as evidence in the US

• No minimum

• Search pattern that works best indoors?

• Zone

• Search pattern that works best in large open areas?

• Grid or Line

• Search pattern that doesn’t follow a geometric pattern

• Link

• Evidence collected from a known source to use as a comparison with a crime scene sample

• Reference sample

• A ____________ does not have to be drawn to scale but it must contain all measurements and directions.

• Rough sketch

• True or False

– Only CSIs can locate, mark, and package evidence

• FALSE!! Many departments don’t have CSIs

• Indirect Evidence that can imply but not prove a fact

• Circumstantial

• How do you package bloodstained materials?

• Air dry and then package in a breathable container

• What are the three primary methods of recording the scene?

• Photography, notes, sketch

• Witness testimony and videos are ___________ evidence

• Direct

• First step in processing a crime scene?

• Secure the scene

• Draw the crime triangle

• Which amendment protects against warrantless search?

• Fourth

• What are the exceptions to needing a warrant?

• Emergency, Consent, or Legal arrest

• Which is more useful, class or individual evidence?

• Individual

• Give some examples of class evidence?

• Blood type, shoe prints, ink analysis, hair analysis

• List of people who have entered the crime scene

• Contamination log

• List of all people who have come into possession of an item of evidence

• Chain of custody

• Additional crime scenes where other evidence is found

• Secondary crime scene

• Used to give each piece of evidence a number

• Marker

• Reference samples obtained from the crime scene at locations near physical evidence. Used to ensure that the surface does not interfere with lab testing

• Substrate control

• Classes of whorls

• Four

• Number of deltas in an arch

• 0

• Ridges that form a circular pattern

• Whorl

• Generally have 2 deltas

• Whorl

• The least common type of print

• Arch

• Has one delta

• Loop

• Ridges enter, curve, and leave from the same side

• Loop

• The most common type of print

• Loop

Right Index

• Ulnar loop

• Accidental

• Plain whorl

• Plain arch

• Double loop whorl

• Central pocket whorl

• Accidental

• What are the basic duties of a forensic scientist?

• Perform scientific tests

• Provide expert testimony

• Collect and package evidence

• Primary complaint about crime shows like CSI

• They show science as fool-proof; never any mistakes

• The first suspect in a case is ruled out by DNA testing _________ percent of the time?

• 25%

• Who developed forensic DNA testing

• Alec Jefferies

• Where is DNA located in the cell

• Nucleus and mitochondria

• What makes up the DNA backbone?

• Sugars and phosphates

• What is the purpose of a restriction enzyme?

• To cut DNA at specific sequences

• What enzyme copies DNA in your body?

• DNA polymerase

• What is the purpose of loading dye?

• To weigh the DNA down and make it visible?

• What locates the specific region of DNA you want to copy?

• Primer

• What type of bond is found between adenine and cytosine in a DNA molecule?

• None

• Whose DNA is placed into CODIS?

• Depends on where you are at?

• What STR is used in CODIS to determine sex?

• Amelogenin

How many bands do males have for amelogenin?

2

• What does amelogenin code for?

• Tooth pulp

• Why is Y STR testing useful?

• Eliminates the female victims DNA

• What is used to make DNA glow when exposed to UV light?

• Ethidium bromide

• A repeated sequence of DNA of any length

• Tandem repeat

• Formula for calculating the number of repeats for D1S80?