familie - das leben in der arabischen gemeinschaft (2008)

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Bzhoe}iahscòs Hes}h}u}

@iusizjoh}

Gilhaho

Mis Aojoe he moz izijhscòe

Folohescìg}

Sb{hbnua}uzoaaos Wozìa}oe hl izijhscòe Iaa}if

Li{he Lbsi

VS :440,:448

Iahco Kiè

Lihe{oz S}z% : – =99! 4=948 Aoht{hf

iasuki`Dxi`bb%cbl6% Gic`solos}oz! Li}zhnoaeulloz; 8734??7

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Gilhaho – Mis Aojoe he moz izijhscòe Folohescìg}

90%99%:440

Heìa}swoz{ohcèhs

9 Oheaoh}uef %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%:

: Vis hs} Gilhaho2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3

3 Gilhaho hl Hsail %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%73%9 Oò ' Tbaxfxeho %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%7

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= _e}ozsc`homo ' Folohesilnoh}oe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%90

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7 Jhjahbfzit`ho %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%::

9 Oheaoh}uef

Voee vhz he moz vos}ahcòe Voa} ie Gilhaho moenoe! miee moenoe vhz {uozs}

ie mis Hmoiajham oheoz Gilhaho! m%`% òhÒ} oheo fañcnahcò Gilhaho! jos}oòem

ius oheol kuefoe Oòtiiz lh} lohs} ohe bmoz {voh Nhemoze% Wozsucòe vhz

ues iaaozmhefs oheo Gilhaho he moz izijhscòe Voa} wbz{us}oaaoe! miee

moenoe vhz he ozs}oz Aheho ehc`} {uozs} ie ohe Hmoiajham! sbemoze oòz ie oheonhemozzohcò FzbÒgilhaho lh} `hozizc`hscòe Gilhahoes}zun}uzoe! he moz shc`

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mho ue}ozmzñcn}oe! uegzohvhaahf wozòhzi}o}oe uem {u @iuso ohefostozz}oe

Gziuoe he mol _lgoam wbe fovia}}í}hfoe uem tbaxfiloe Líeeoze joghemoe%

He moz izijhscòe Voa} `hefofoe vhzm ojoegiaas {uozs} ie ohe Hmoiajham

fomic`}! vbjoh mho Wbzs}oaauef ie oheo vos}ahcò Gilhaho lh} Gzolmfoòe!

Ianb`bahslus! Zoston}abshfnoh} moz Nhemoz fofoeñjoz h`zoe Oa}oze!

Ohesilnoh}! Fb}}abshfnoh} uem Wozeicàísshfuef wbe Ia}oe uem Jo`hemoz}oe

wozjuemoe hs} (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 37,38! Jzouoz 9880; 99=%

Miss mhoso nbes}zuhoz}oe Jhamoz he moz vos}ahcòe uem he moz izijhscòe

Voa}! vho sho he moe kovohahfoe Lomhoe bg} tzbtifhoz} vozmoe! sb ehc`} fie{

s}hlloe l÷c`}o hc` hl Gbafoemoe wbz iaaol he Jo{uf iug mho izijhscò

lusahlhscò Gilhaho iug{ohfoe%9

: Vis hs} Gilhaho2

Mis Vbz} Gilhaho aoh}o} shc` wbe mol ai}ohehscòe Vbz} gilhahi ij! mis

―@iuss}iem‑ jomou}o}% Gilhaho moghehoz} shc` sb{hbabfhsc` ñjoz oheo

sto{hghscò Aojoesfolohescìg}! mozoe Aohs}uefoe uem Wozìa}oeszofoae

iug moz Shcòzuef moz @iemauefs, uem Ñjozaojoesgí`hfnoh} h`zoz Lh}fahomoz

jishozoe! he `hs}bzhsc` kovohas ue}ozsc`homahcòe Aojoeszíuloe uem

Aojoessh}ui}hbeoe% Mijoh hs} oheo Gilhaho iaafolohe muzc` ohe Fzuemlus}oz

lh} gbafoemoe Loznliaoe fonoee{ohcèo};

9 Ñjozei`lo fosoaascìg}ahcòz Guen}hbeoe! {ulhemos} moz jhbabfhscòe

Zotzbmun}hbe! tsxc`hscòe Nbltoesi}hbe sbvho moz Sb{hiahsi}hbe> : oheo

Mhggozoe{hozuef eic` Foeozi}hbeoe uem 3 ohe sto{hghscòs! iug

Wozie}vbz}uefsfolohescìg} fzñemoemos Nbbtozi}hbes, uem

Sbahmizh}í}swoz`ía}ehs {vhscòe h`zoe Lh}fahomoze%

He moz Vhssoescìg} vozmoe {umol Gilhahoegbzloe eic` gñeg Loznliaoe

ue}ozsc`homoe; 9 eic` mol Gilhahoejhamuefstzb{oss {% J% mho Oa}ozegilhaho

iugfzuem jhbabfhscòz Oa}ozescìg}! mho Imbt}hbesgilhaho! mho S}hoggilhaho! mho

Ti}c`vbzngilhaho bmoz mho Tgaofogilhaho> : eic` moz [ià moz Foeozi}hbeoe

9 Joh mol vis vhz gñz mho ―vos}ahcò‑ uem ―izijhscò‑ Voa} ìa}oe fhj} os nbltaopoIston}o! mho `hoz ehc`} jozñcnshc`}hf} vozmoe! {% J% fhj} os he moz izijhscòe Voa} ehc`} euzlusahlhscò Izijoz! sbemoze iuc` u% i% kñmhscò uem c`zhs}ahcò! mozoe Iz} wbe

Gilhahoeaojoe vhomozul wbe moz `hoz josc`zhojoeoe ijvohcòe niee% Sbvho os he mozvos}ahcòe Voa} u% i% iuc` lusahlhscò Gilhahoe fhj}! mho shc voh}os}foòem ieouzbtíhscò S}iemizms iefotiss} ìjoe j{v% Gilhahoe ius w÷aahf iemozoe Nua}uznzohsoe%

3




{% J% mho [vohfoeozi}hbeoegilhaho (Nozegilhaho uem mho

Lo`zfoeozi}hbeoegilhaho> 3 eic` moz Zbaaoejoso}{uef he moz Nozegilhaho

{% J% mho [vohoa}ozegilhaho (Oa}ozegilhaho bmoz mho Oheoa}ozegilhaho (Wi}oz,

bmoz Lu}}ozgilhaho> = eic` mol Vbèsh}{ {% J% mho ti}zhabniao! li}zhabniao

bmoz eobabniao Gilhaho uem ? eic` moz Ozvozjs}í}hfnoh} moz Oa}oze! mho

Gilhaho lh} ozvozjs}í}hfol Wi}oz uem Wbaa{oh}ìusgziu! mho Gilhaho lh}

ozvozjs}í}hfoz Lu}}oz uem Wbaa{oh}ìusliee bmoz mho Gilhaho lh}

ozvozjs}í}hfol Wi}oz uem ozvozjs}í}hfoz Lu}}oz%

Mho Ozgi`zuef! miss Fosoaascìg}oe hlloz euz hlFoeozi}hbeoewozjuem ñjozaojoe! vohs} moz Gilhaho mho Tbsh}hbe {u! mho

{vohgoaabs jomou}sils}o Fzuttoegbzl moz Loesc`òh} {u sohe% Gilhahohs} oheo uehwozsiao Hes}h}u}hbe loescàhcòe [usilloeaojoes% Ias ]ohamoz Fosoaascìg} hs} sho ehc`} euz muzc` mhoso fotzíf}> h`zozsoh}s }zíf}sho vhomozul s}o}s mi{u joh! sbvbà Fosoaascìg}oe {u wozíemoze iasiuc` {u ozìa}oe% (Loxozs Aophnbe :440; Gilhaho

Hl izijhscòe fhj} os wozsc`homoeo V÷z}oz! mho Gilhaho jomou}oe n÷eeoe;

9% Gilhaho! Foscàoc`}! @ius! Wozviem}scìg}! Shtto! Mxeis}ho أسعب

ء أسع"أسعئث

:% Gilhaho! Foscàoc`}! @ius(ìa}

ائـظ ء اظ

3% ―mho! mho lh} o,l missoajo [oa} jovbèoe‑! Gilhaho! Hesissoe!

أن ء أنـه

@ius! Fi}}he! Iefo`÷zhfo! Wozviem}scìg}! Aou}o! @ius! Josh}{oz> Ta%

Jovbèoz ( ئ ن أ ء

Ví`zoem shc` mho Zimhniao wbe Ozs}ozol iuc` he V÷z}oze vho ouzbtíhscòVhz}scìg}sfolohescìg} (بؠ عـ ـ بآئؿثي س > Fogiefoeei`lo (س أ >

ozgzouoe! iewoz}ziuoe uem foòhl ìa}oe ( أس HW vhomoz ghemoe aissoe! sb

vho he V÷z}oze gñz òhlahc`! tzhwi} ( > Eijoascèuz ( س س أ ء ق س > Jo}}! ]`zbe (

س س ع ق ق س س ء أ uem Foahoj}o (عس ء ب ق س ! shem mho Zimhniao mos {voh}oe

Vbz}os iuc` wozjuemoe lh} V÷z}oze gñz Stzic`gilhaho (بػ بائظ> Wozsbzfoz!

Ozeí zoz! Gilhahoewi}oz (ائظ ق > woztgaofoe! o,o {iàz% Gilhaho ìjoe!

jomzñcnoe (ئظ > Vo`naifoe! íf% Sc`lizb}{oz ( ظ > iug Nbs}oe"ij`íefhf

wbe (وظ بئظ وظ ئظ > (Aojoes, _e}ozìa} g% m% Gilhaho ( ظ > Wozaiss!

=




Woz}ziuoe ( م ظ > ({u ozeí`zoemo Gilhaho! @iusìa} Ta% Gilhahoelh}fahomoz ( ظ

ئظ بئظ ء > uem Sth}{ìcno ( م % Mho Zimhniao " ـ aissoe shc` hl

Yuz‘ eĉ ue}oz ixai„ lh} moz Jomou}uef Jomñzg}hfnoh}! Lh}}oaabshfnoh} ghemoe%

Kombc` jos}í}hf} ohe imễ ĮŦ wbe i{ a uem oheo lizfheiao ]op}s}oaao mosĤ ĉ Į

Y l s ia,Lu } mho Jomou}uef hl Sheeo wbe ―Gilhaho‑% Os vhzm hlĉ Ů ỂĮ

lbmozeoe eobnaisshscòe Stzic`fojziuc` wozvoemo}! kombc` vhzm

òu}{u}ifo mis Sxebexl سأ s}hahs}hsc` jowbz{uf} (Aocozg 9874; 39?%

Mho ao}{}foeiee}o Wizhie}o gñz Gilhaho }iuc`} he oheol voh}aíughfozoe

[usilloeìef iug! he mol os ehc`} euz mho Wozviem}scìg}! sbemoze iuc`

mho Ie`íefozscìg} loheoe niee% Íèahcò V÷z}oz lh} moe Zimhniaoe

jomou}oe u% i% {u o,z Gilhaho fo`÷zoem! {viefabs lh}oheiemoz wozno`zoem (

نؠ نأ > foohfeo} sohe (oz hs} gñz mis Lhehs}ozil} ehc`} foohfeo} ,

نأ ن ئ

عغ > Yuiahgh{hozuef! Iusjhamuef (jos% gñz o,e Jozug (ن > yuiahgh{hoz}

sohe"vozmoe! oheo Gziu eo`loe! s% wozòhzi}oe ( ن W> wozòhzi}o} (ن ث ق % Wbz

iaaol joh mhosol ao}{}oe Vbz} نأ ! mis iug mis òjzíhscò Vbz} bòa gñz

―[oa}‑ {uzñcnfo`}! {ohcèo} shc` mho eblimhscò Wozfiefoeòh} izijhscòz

Gilhahoe ij! mho iug moz izijhscòe @iajhesoa he wbzhsailhscòz [oh} oheoe

oefoe S}illos, uem Gilhahoe{usilloeìa} jomhef}o! moz shc` he Zos}oe

iuc` he moe lh}}oaia}ozahcòe hsailhscòe S}ím}oe uem soajs} ebc` he moz

Fofoeviz} josbemozs iug mol Aiem ozìa}oe ì} (@bu}sli 9893; 98=% Sb

mblhehoz} }zimh}hbeoaa mho ti}zhizcìahscò FzbÒgilhaho! mho muzc` lbziahscò

Voz}o (Jau}swozviem}scìg! Sbahmizh}í} uem li}ozhoaao He}ozossoe

(Aiemvhz}scìg}! Fovozjo {usilloefoìa}oe vhzm! vbjoh oheo fzbÒo

Eic`nblloescìg} {uz hmooaaoe uem li}ozhoaaoe S}íznuef mos Gilhahoecaies

iefos}zoj} vhzm (Jiz}òa 988=; 98?% Íèahcò Voz}o uem S}zun}uzoe aissoe

shc` he moe wbzhemus}zhoaaoe vos}ahcòe Ifzizfosoaascìg}oe vhomoz ghemoe%:

Lh} mol Hsail s}oaa}oe shc` Eouozuefoe {ul Scù}{o moz Sc`vícòzoe ohe%

Sb vuzmo mho Gziu ias zoc`}ahcò Tozsbe ieozniee}! mho Nhems}÷}uef! lohs}

joh Límcòe! wozjb}oe uem mho Tbaxfxeho iug liphlia whoz Gziuoe

josc`zíen}%

: Wfa% Loxozs Aophnbe :440; Gilhaho

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3 Gilhaho hl Hsail

Voee lie Gilhaho hl hsailhscòe Nbe}op} wozs}oòe l÷c`}o! luss lie

shc` {uozs} wbz Iufoe ìa}oe! miss moz S}ii} hl Hsail oheo }òbnzi}hscò

S}zun}uz iugvohs}! mho miziug ij{hoa}! mho Zoc`}o Fb}}os {uz Foa}uef {ujzhefoe uem mho Zoc`}o uem He}ozossoe moz Lusahlo {u shcòze! ijoz iuc`

wbe moe _e}oz}ieoe Fo`bzsil fofoe mis Foso}{ Fb}}os {u gbzmoze uem mhos

hl tzin}hscòe Aojoe muzc`{uso}{oe (Scùa}{ :44?; 98% Gilhaho uem h`zo

S}zun}uzoe shem miòz hl [usilloeìef lh} mol Yuz‘ eĉ ias tzhlízo

Yuoaao! moz Sueei uem moe im oeễ ĮŦ ias ue}ozfobzmeo}o Yuoaaoe sbvho mol

Ieiabfhoscàuss! muzc` moe oheo hsailzoc`}ahcò Zofoauef iug oheoe eouoe

Sic`wozìa} ñjoz}zifoe vuzmo uem mol Nbesoes moz Zoc`}sfoao`z}oe!fo}zou mol Vbz} mos Tzbtò}oe! soheo Folohemo n÷eeo he oheol Hzz}ul

ehc`} ohehf sohe! {u wozs}oòe (Jzouoz 9880; 8%3 Vbjoh mho Gilhaho uem h`zo

S}zun}uzoe iuc` he mol nua}uzoaaoe! fobfzit`hscòe uem `hs}bzhscòe

Zi`loe {u jo}zic`}oe shem% Sb shem izijhscòe Gilhahoe wbe Oaoloe}oe ius

iemozoe uem oòliahfoe Nua}uzzíuloe fotzíf}! mho ehc`} uejomhef} iug moe

Hsail {uzñcnfoòe! vho johsthoasvohso mho Joscèohmuef! Wozscàohozuef

uem Tbaxfxeho% Ius mol Yuz‘ eĉ ozfojoe shc` gos}s}oòemo Zofoae {uiefolossoeoz Jonaohmuef! Oz{hoùef wbe Kuefoe uem Límcòe! moz

Jozugs}í}hfnoh} wbe Gziuoe uem Zbaao mos Ohe{oaeoe he Gilhaho uem

Fosoaascìg} (Jzouoz 9880; 9:%

3%9 Oò ' Tbaxfxeho

Iusfoòem wbe moe foeiee}oe Loznliaoe oheoz Gilhaho! aíss} shc`

jo{ñfahc` moz lusahlhscòe Gilhaho sifoe! miss mho Oò mho Wbziusso}{uef{uz jhbabfhscòe Zotzbmun}hbe hs}! uem ias Scù}{ wbz _e{uc`} oltgbàoe

3 Iug mol Yuz‘ e jishozoem vuzmo hl 0%"8% K % mis hsail% Zoc } he wbeoheiemozĉ ijvohcòemoe Gissuefoe moz whoz sueeh}hscòe Zoc`}sscùaoe nbmhgh{hoz}% Moz sc`hh}hscòHsail vohs} ohehfo Josbemozòh}oe iug! kombc` fhj} os oheo iaafoloheo Ñjozohes}hlluef! sbmiss wbl hsailhscòe Gilhahoezoc`} iaafolohe fostzbcòe vozmoe niee (Jzouoz 9880; 94%Mis Gilhahoezoc`} bzhoe}hoz} shc` {ueo`loem ie kuzhs}hscòe Jos}hlluefoe vos}ahcòzTzbwoehoe{% Kombc` vhzm iuc` mis hsailhscò Gilhahoezoc`} he iaaoe izijhscòe S}ii}oeoe}stzocòem moz òzzscòemoe hsailhscòe Zhc`}uef {ulhemos} {%]% ebc` òu}o tzin}h{hoz}(Jiz}òa 988=; 98?% Os vhzm he moe lohs}oe hsailhscòe Aíemoze iuÒoz he moz ]ñznoh uem ]ueoshoe iefovoemo}% Jovofuefoe {uz ulgissoemoe Ievoemuef mos ũiz ‘i Į Gilhahoefoso}{os shem he Siumh Izijhoe uem Tinhs}ie {u jobjic`}oe! Jovofuefoe heIafozhoe uem Ífxt}oe `hefofoe shem jolñ`} mhosos lh} sínuaizozoeTozsbeoes}i}usfoso}{oe ij{uíemoze bmoz {u ozso}{oe (Gozeoi 988?; =74%

7




vhzm% Mimuzc` vozmoe fo{ouf}o Nhemoz aofh}hlhoz}= uem mho Ozjgbafo

ohemou}hf%

IuÒozmol hs} Oò mho Tgahc`} oheos komoe! moz mi{u fohs}hf uem n÷ztozahc` he

moz Aifo hs};

* ف س ـ ق ـ ‘ طى ه ق ػ ق ةم ى ق ك د ق ك ق ـدئ ا ؿئجه ه ظئ آ ـ ق ك وئ جك ـأ( *%%%( ع" ط ى ه ق ق ػ ق وث ئ ئك م ـ م ه م ش ث م مـ + فظ3:,33

(Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 7:―_em wozòhzi}o} mho Aomhfoe ue}oz ouc` uem mho Zoc`}scìggoeoe wbeouzoe Snaiwoe uem Snaiwheeoe% Voee sho izl shem! vhzm Fb}} sho muzc`soheo @uam zohc` licòe% _em Fb}} ulgiss} uem vohÒ iaaos%Mhokoehfoe! mho noheo L÷fahc`noh} {ul @ohzi}oe ghemoe! sbaaoe nousc`jaohjoe! jhs Fb}} sho muzc` soheo @uam zohc` lic`}%‑ (:=;3:! 33(Jzouoz 9880; 9?

Vbjoh oheo Oò euz lh} mol Ohewozs}íemehs johmoz Oòtiz}eoz l÷fahc` hs}

uem mho @ohzi} lh} eiòe Wozviem}oe (=!::,:3 wozjb}oe hs}! sbvho mho

@ohzi} lh} _efaíujhfoe! hesjosbemozo gñz mho Gziu lh} oheol

Iemozsfaíujhfoe (?!?! ias iuc` gñz moe Liee! moz n÷ztozahc` bmoz fohs}hf

ehc`} {ul Foscàoc`}swozno`z uem mol Ozvozj mos Aojoesue}ozìa}s wbe

Gziu uem Gilhaho gí`hf} hs}%

Fzuemaifo moz Oò sbaa mijoh mho fofoesoh}hfo Ahojo uem [ueohfuef sohe!

voacòs ias [ohcòe Fb}}os he soheoz Sc`÷tguef ie{usoòe hs};

* "ـ( *%%% بعـ آ كؠ ـ ئ كث ئ ـغأ كأ ه ك إ أ ئت هـ :9 ‑Iem bg @hs shfes hs }`hs; @o czoi}om li}os gbz xbu gzbl xbuzsoawos}ì} xbu lix ghem zos} he }òl! iem @o bzmiheom jo}vooe xbu abwoiem lozcx‧ %“ Suzi ia,Zul (34;:9 (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 0:

Moz Liee mizg aiu} Yuz‘ eĉ jhs {u whoz Gziuoe òhzi}oe! voee oz komo wbe

hèoe faohc`joìemoa};

* و ـق خ ـعؠئ ىئ إق ث ةئ ه م ق ك م م ئ ض ئ جكئ ى و م ئ ث ى ق أ ث ق إ ـ

( * ئة" و م آ أ ق ك قئ ك ئ ـ ى 3

‑Iem hg xbu goiz }ì} xbu cieeb} ic} gihzax }bvizms }ò bztìes! }òelizzx suc` vbloe! v`b sool fbbm }b xbu! }vb bz }`zoo bz gbuz> iemhg xbu goiz }ì} xbu cieeb} mb kus}hco (jo}vooe }òl }òe (lizzx

= Moz Wi}oz niee mho Wi}ozscìg} muzc` oheo Oòjzuc`snaifo jos}zoh}oe! ul zosua}hozoemo_e}ozìa}stgahc`}oe ij{uvoemoe! mho joh Ehc }ophs}oe{ oheoz Fofoenaifo moz Gziu {uzIuga÷suef moz Oò gñ`z} (Jiz}òa 988=; 987% Mis Nhem vhzm miee ias ueoòahc` jo}zic`}o}uem hs} milh} haaofh}hl%

6




beax beo bz }ì} xbuz zhf`} ìems tbssoss> }`hs hs lbzo tzbtoz }ì} xbulix eb} mowhi}o gzbl }ò zhf`} cbuzso%“ Suzi ia,Ehsi‘ (=;3

*ج ؿ ق دـ +ب م م ئ ئنـعش م ث ى م ق ى م ه ئة ـ ق ث ؠ ث هـ

ئ ع عئ* )ئة" ئ ي ث ـ 9:8 ‑Iem xbu vhaa eb} jo ijao }b moia oyuiaax jo}vooe (xbuz vhwos!`bvowoz luc` xbu vhs` (}b mb sb% Ju} }uze eb} ia}bfo}òz ivix (gzblbeo! aoiwhef òz is he sustoeso% (]ì} hs! sò lix eoh}òz jo i vhgozocohwhef òz muo zhf`}s! ebz i mhwbzcom ìwhef eb ùsjiem Hg xbu mbfbbm iem noot ivix gzbl owha! suzoax) Iaai` hs owoz Gbzfhwhef!Lozchgua%“ Suzi ia,Ehsi‘ (=;9:8 (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 946

Eic` oheoz Eouhe}oztzo}i}hbe moz Suzi (=;3 ìjoe mho ]ueoshoz moe

Zoc`}siestzuc` iug Tbaxfxeho muzc` Iz}hnoa 90 mos }ueoshscòe

Foso}{jucòs mos Tozsbeias}i}us (98?7 ijfoscìgg}% Mho ]ueoshoz so}{oe

fozoc`}o Joìemauef ehc`} euz lh} gheie{hoaaoz Lh}}oae faohc`! sbemoze iuc`

lh} Ahojo uem [ueohfuef% Sho izfuloe}hozoe! miss euz moz Tzbtò} iug mhoso

Vohso {voh Gziuoe faohc` joìemoae nbee}o% Mizius ozfhj} shc` ue}oz

òu}hfoe Jomhefuefoe mho uevhmozaofjizo Wozlu}uef! miss ohe Oòliee

mhoso hl Yuz‘ eĉ foeiee}o Iegbzmozuef ehc`} ozgñaaoe niee% He Kbzmiehoe

(9867 uem Lizbnnb (98?0 n÷eeoe Wozohejizuefoe hl Oòwoz}zif

gos}foìa}oe vozmoe! miss moz Oòliee noheo {voh}o Gziu òhzi}oe mizg%

Voee oz os moeebc` }u} hs} sho jozoc`}hf} shc` iaaohe ius mhosol Fzuem wbe

h`l scòhmoe {u aissoe (Toiza 988?; =73%? ]i}sicò hs} kombc` iuc`! miss

Tbaxfxeho ue}oz wozsc`homoeoe Iston}oe woz}ohmhf} vhzm% Sb {ul Johsthoa!

voee os oheoe Ñjozscùss ie Gziuoe fhj} iugfzuem moz hl Nzhof

ulfonblloeoe Líeeoz> voee oheo Gziu noheo Nhemoz fojízoe niee> sho

Nzienòh}oe ì}! mho moe Liee mizie `hemoze ohe ozgñaa}os Sopuiaaojoe {u

gñ`zoe bmoz sho ehc`} he moz Aifo hs} hè sopuoaa iuszohcòem {u jogzhomhfoe%

Tbaxfxeho sbaa `heshc }ahc` mossoe mis ohe{hfo Lh}}oa sohe ul shc` wbz

_e{uc`}! Tzbs}h}u}hbe uem Ihms {u sc`ñ}{oe (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800;

994%

? Mho Scòhmuef niee muzc` moee Liee iaaohe foscòòe (ض ! vbjoh mho Gziu ohe Zoc`}iug gheie{hoaao Oe}sc`ímhfuef ì}! kombc` niee shc` mho Gziu joh Vièshee! Hltb}oe{ uemIjvosoeòh} wbe h`zol Liee lh} mossoe Ohewozs}íemehs uem ue}oz Zñcn{i auef mosJziu}foamos scòhmoe aissoe ( إ ق (Toiza 988?; =7:% Sho mizg moe Liee ozs} eic` mozijsbawhoz}oe Viz}o{oh} wozaissoe! ul oheo Sc`viefozscìg} gos}{us}oaaoe uem n÷ee}omhosoe ozs} eic` moz @ohzi} lh} oheol iemozoe Liee ozeou} òhzi}oe (Jzouoz 9880; 947

0




Mis {voh}o Loznlia oheoz Gilhaho hs} mho Mhggozoe{hozuef eic` Foeozi}hbeoe!

mho joh izijhscòe Gilhahoe lohs} mzoh Foeozi}hbeoe ulgiss}! mho he oheol

@iusìa} aojoe% @hozjoh niee oheo FzbÒgilhaho FzbÒoa}oze! Nhemoz! uem Oenoa

ulgissoe! m%`% lh}ue}oz Benoa! ]ie}oe! Cbushes uem Cbusheoe% Vbjoh ohe

]zoem {uz Iuga÷suef wbe FzbÒgilhahoewozjíemoe gos}s}oaajiz hs} (Jzouoz

9880; 99=%

Mis mzh}}o Loznlia! mis sto{hghscò! iug Wozie}vbz}uefsfolohescìg}

fzñemoemo Nbbtozi}hbes, uem Sbahmizh}í}swoz`ía}ehs {vhscòe h`zoe

Lh}fahomoze hs} he izijhscòe Gilhahoe muzc` oheo s}izno Sbahmizh}í} uem

Abxiah}í} {uoheiemoz iusfotzíf}! whoa lo`z ias mhos moz Giaa he vos}ahcòe

Gilhahoe {u sohe scòhe}! mho òu}{u}ifo oòz muzc` Hemhwhmuiahslus uem

Zoc`} iug Tzhwi}st`ízo fonoee{ohcèo} shem% Oe}scòhmuefoe vozmoe he

izijhscòe Gilhahoe he ozs}oz Aheho hl nbaaon}hw uem {ul Vbà iaaoz

fo}zbggoe% Mimuzc` ì} moz Ohe{oaeo voehfo tozs÷eahcò Gzohòh}oe uem niee

Oe}scòhmuefoe niul soajs}s}íemhf }zoggoe% Mhos vhzm josbemozs joh moz

Sucò eic` mol tissoemoe Oòtiz}eoz mou}ahc`! moz euz hl Ohewozs}íemehs

moz Gilhaho foòhzi}o} vozmoe sbaa}o! mi sho il oòs}oe he moz Aifo hs} mho

Wbz, uem Eic`}ohao oheoz jos}hll}oe Wozjhemuef {u jouz}ohaoe (N`buzx

:444; 93?%7

Kombc` `íefoe mhoso Jomhefuefoe iuc` lh} Wbz}ohaoe {usilloe! moee

Iaaohes}oòemo n÷eeoe jhs {uz @ohzi} uem mizñjoz `heius joh h`zoe Gilhahoe

vbèoe> eic mol ]bm oheos Oòtiz}eozs niee moz"mho Wozvh}vo}o {u

soheoz"h`zoz Gilhaho {uzñcnno`zoe> Iuc` n÷eeoe Fosc`homoeoe he mis @ius

moz ei}iaoe Gilhaho {uzñcnno`zoe uem ìjoe mbz} oheoe Iestzuc` iug

Woztgaofuef jhs {uz Vhomozòhzi}% _l mho Nhemoz moz Fosc`homoeoe

nñlloz} shc` miee mho Gilhaho mos Wi}ozs% Mho Gilhaho niee joh moe Oa}oze

mos Oòlieeos vbèoe jhs sho shc` oheo ohfoeo Vbèuef aohs}oe n÷eeoe%

IuÒozmol vhzm mho Tgaofo wbe Ia}oe! Nzienoe uem Jo`hemoz}oe ias

soajs}wozs}íemahc` iefosoòe (Gozeoi 988?; =?8% Iaaozmhefs nbll} os

iuc` wbz! miss fosc homoeo Gilhahoelh}fahomoz {u @iuso ehc`} vhomoz

iugfoeblloe vozmoe! iugfzuem wbe Izlu} bmoz ius Fzbaa% Ví`zoem mho

7 Ohe he}ozossoefoaoh}o}oz [usilloescàuss wbe {voh Gilhahoe vhmozstzhc`} molFzuemsi}{! miss oheo Oò euz lh} moz Ohevhaahfuef johmoz Oòtiz}eoz fña}hf hs} (N`buzx:444; 93=%

8




Tgaofo wbe Jo`hemoz}oe uem Ía}ozoe bg} oheo fzbÒo Joais}uef gñz mho

kñefozoe Gilhahoelh}fahomoz mizs}oaa}%

Joh iaaoe iugfo{ohf}oe Guen}hbeoe! mho mho izijhscò Gilhaho ozgñaa}! jaohj}

mis faohc`foscàoc`}ahcò Jo{hoùefsfogñfo lohs} wbzziefhf wbz mol

Oòtiz}eoz {oe}ziaoz Bz} gñz mho Sbzfoe uem E÷}o mos Iaa}ifs! gñz

_e}ozìa}uef uem Gzoh{oh}! Ius}iusc` uem Zi}sucò iaaoz Iz} (Jzouoz 9880;

9:4%

3%: Zbaaoe{uvohsuefoe

Eojoe mhosoe iaafoloheoe Fzuemsí}{oe heeozìaj moz Gilhaho vhzm muzc`

moe Yuz‘ eĉ iuc` mho foeiuo Iugfijoewoz}ohauef wbe Liee! Gziu uem Nhem

fozofoa}%

3%:%9 Liee

* ـؠئ أ( *%%% ئة" ؠ و ظ ق م ط ق م ؠ م ط ظو ئة ؠئ م ى ق ي ئ 3=

‑Loe izo }ò lihe}iheozs bg vbloe! jociuso Iaai` ìs limo sblo bg }òl }b opcoa b}òzs! iem jociuso }òx stoem bu} bg }òhz tzbtoz}x(gbz }ò suttbz} bg vbloe%“ Suzi ia,Ehsi‘ (=;3= (Ia,Jiaif`Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 07

Moz Liee ì} he moz Gilhaho mho ijsbau}o Iu}bzh}í}! m%`% hl

FzbÒgilhahoewozjiem ehll} mhoso Zbaao moz FzbÒwi}oz ohe% Joh soheoz

Ijvosoeòh} bmoz eic` soheol ]bm ñjozehll} mho FzbÒlu}}oz bmoz moz

ía}os}o Sbè mhoso Zbaao (Jzouoz 9880; 99?%

Moz Liee ì} heeozìaj moz Oò oheoe ueohefosc`zíen}oe Iestzuc` iug

Foscàoc }swozno`z uem mho Tgahc`} mhosoe ví zoem moz Oò voehfs}oes

ohelia {u wbaa{hoòe% Joh moe @iejiah}oe luss moz Liee voehfs}oes oheliaiaao whoz Lbei}o mhosoz Tgahc`} eic`nblloe! sbes} niee oheo Scòhmuef

ozgbafoe (N`buzx :444; 93:%

Ias Wi}oz hs} oz gñz moe _e}ozìa} moz Gilhaho! mis Vbàozfoòe soheoz Gziu

uem Nhemoz! sbvho gñz mho Oz{hoùef ao}{}ozoz wozie}vbz}ahc`% Mi moz Liee he

moz lusahlhscòe Fosoaascìg} iaaoheo gñz moe _e}ozìa} moz Gilhaho6

wozie}vbz}ahc` hs}! sc`hcnoe ízlozo Gilhahoe gbafahc` tzhlíz mho S÷èo {uz

6 Moz Oòliee ì} moe _e}ozìa} fofojoeoegiaas iuc` iemozoz vohjahcòzGilhahoeiefo`÷zhfoz ({%j% uewozòhzi}o}oz Sc`vos}oze {u shcòze uem hs} gñz mhoso zoc`}ahcùem lbziahsc` wozie}vbz}ahc` (Jiz}òa 988=; 98?

94




Scùao (Jzouoz 9880; 9:% Iugfzuem moz ti}zhizcìahscòe

Fosoaascìg}sbzmeuef ì} moz Wi}oz mis Zoc`}! Zoston} uem Fo`bzsil iuc`

muzc` S}zíefo uem Scàífo {u oz{vhefoe% Mhosos wí}ozahcò

[ñc`}hfuefszoc`} hs} he moz ]ñznoh foso}{ahc` wozienoz} lh} moz Jofzñemuef

os ìemoao shc` ul oheoe he}hloe Wbzfief heeozìaj moz Gilhaho! moz noheo

Ohelhscùef s}ii}ahcòzsoh}s muamo% Ij oheol jos}hll}oe Ia}oz vozmoe mho

S÷èo wbe mol Wi}oz oz{bfoe! miss gñz zoc`} naoheo Kuefoe so`z ìz}o

Izjoh} jomou}oe niee (Jzouoz :44:; 7=! moee stí}os}oes ij moz Tujoz}í}

fo`} mis Sbzfozoc`} gñz mho Nhemoz iug moe Wi}oz ñjoz uem oz oz`ía} mis

wozjaohjoemo Iugshc`}szoc`} ñjoz sho (Toiza 988?; =7:% Oz hs} iuc`

wozie}vbz}ahc` gñz mis S}haaoe soheoz Nhemoz! m% % oz luss mho Lu}}oz

owoe}uoaa gñz mis S}haaoe oe}abèoe bmoz oheo S}haalu}}oz oefifhozoe;

ه* ظ ئى ـ أ ق ه ق ـ ه ظ ط م ه ق ث ن ـ ع ئ ط ق ـ ق ق ـ ه ث ق سكق ه ه قن ك س ق م ق ث ىق قسئ ـ ـ ؠك ؠـ ـأـ ه قن ع أ ق ه قن ى ك ه م م ع أ ئ ى ه ق م ه م م ط م وث

ئ تئنئ ئ ك ق ق ئ ت ئ قى ق م ع ظ عغق ي ـه ق ي م ث م س ه ب سـ م ق +إأ"( * ق ظق م ؠ ق س 7,6

‑Abmfo }òl vòzo xbu mvoaa! iccbzmhef }b xbuz loies! iem ìziss}òl eb} sb is }b s}zih}oe ahgo gbz }òl% Iem hg }òx izo tzofeie}! }òe

stoem gbz} òl }haa }òx jzhef gbz}` }òhz juzmoe% (}`hs zogozs }b }òtozhbm bg iahlbex gbz }ò mhwbzcom vhgo v`b! hg tzofeie}! hs }b jotzbwhmom gbz }haa sò fhwos jhz}` }b }ò c`ham% ]òe! hg }òx fhwo sucnaogbz xbu! fhwo }òl }òhz muo tixloe} iem oekbhe beo ieb}òz ilbefxbu }b mb fbbm> ju} hg xbu mhsifzoo! }òe ao} b}òz (vblie sucnao gbz`hl (}ò gi}òz bg }ò c`ham% Ao} `hl v`b ìs ijuemieco stoem bg `hsijuemieco! iem ò v`bso tzbwhshbe hs loisuzom! ao} `hl stoem bg }ì} v`hc` Iaai` ìs fhwoe `hl> Iaai` mbos eb} aix i juzmoe be iexsbua! opcot} }ì} v`hc` @o ìs fhwoe h}% Iaai` vhaa jzhef ijbu} oisoig}oz ìzms ht%“ Suzi ia,]iaiy (7?;7!6 (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe;9800;0:

Oz vhzm iuc` mi{u iefoìa}oe [ueohfuef fofoeñjoz soheoe Nhemoze {u

íuÒoze! uem {viz iuc` fofoeñjoz Límcòe! bjvbà h`zoz Oz{hoùef uem

Ozeí`zuef bg} voehfoz Iugloznsilnoh} fovhmlo} vhzm ias moz moz Kuefoe

(Jzouoz :44:; 7=;

‑V`bowoz nhssos `hs c`ham! Iaai` }ò Opia}om vzh}os gbz `hl i zovizm>v`bowoz taoisos `hs c`ham! Iaai` vhaa taoiso `hl be }ò Zosuzzoc}hbeMix> iem v`bowoz }oicòs `hs c`ham (`bv }b zoim }ò Yuz‘ie! ò iem}ò lb}òz (bg }ò c`ham vhaa jo mzossom he }ò òzoig}oz he suh}sv`bso haaulhei}hbe vhaa ahf`} }ò gicos bg }ò mvoaaozs bg tizimhso%“

99




(Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 8=Tzbtò}oeiusstzuc ; ―Voz oheo ]bc`}oz ì} uem mhoso bzmoe}ahcòz{ho } uem ozeí`z} uem h`z he zohcàhcòl LiÒo mho Fñ}oz {u}ohavozmoe aíss}! mho h`l Fb}} joscòz}! moe jovi`z} sho wbz moz @÷aaouem sho ojeo} h`l moe Vof {ul Tizimhos%‑ (Jzouoz :44:; 7=

Moz Liee hs} vho mho Gziu {uz iuÒoz, uem wbzoòahcòe Nousc`òh}

woztgahc`}o} vho ius mol {uwbz foeiee}oe Yuz‘ e{h}i} ĉ (:=;3:! 33

òzwbzfo`}! iaaozmhefs shem Wozs}÷Òo soheozsoh}s voehfoz }zifhsc` (Jzouoz

:44:; 68%

3%:%: Gziu

Mho O zo moz Gilhaho moghehoz} shc` ñjoz mis o z, bmoz ueo zvñzmhfo

Wozìa}oe moz Gziuoe! mhos jo{ho } shc` wbz iaaol iug h`zo wbz, uem

iuÒozoòahcò Nousc`òh} uem h`zo ]zouo ias Oògziu% Sho sbaa}oe wbz moz

@ohzi} il jos}oe Kuefgziu sohe uem ias Vh}vo ohe {uzñcnfo{bfoeos Aojoe

gñ`zoe (Jiz}òa 988=; 98?% _l mho Ozìa}uef moz Gilhahoeo`zo {u shcòze!

gñàoe shc` whoao Wí}oz! Benoas uem Jzñmoz ij moz Foscàoc`}szohgo mi{u

woztgahc`}o} h`zo Sc`vos}oze! Gziuoe uem ]÷c`}oze {u nbe}zbaahozoe! vis he

Wozjhemuef lh} Ohesc`zíenuef h`zoz Lbjhah}í} uem Wozscàohozuef s}oòe

niee% Wbz iaaol he aíemahcòl ebc` s}izn eblimhsc` fotzíf}ol Nbe}op}

niee os hl Op}zolgiaa {u ìz}oe Sien}hbeoe! vho moz ]÷}uef moz Gziu joh

O zwozaus} nblloe! vb`hefofoe os he s}ím}hscòe Bjozsc hc`}oe

mhosjo{ñfahc` lo`z ]baozie{ fhj} (N`buzx :444; 933%

*%%% "( *%%% ـئؠ ه ق ظ ش ق ه ـ ::0 ‑‧ Iem }òx (vbloe ìwo zhf`}s shlhaiz }b }`bso (bg loe bwoz }òlhe i kus} lieeoz‧“ Suzi Ia,Jiyizi (:;::0 (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe

9800; 36

Mho Gziu ì} mho faohcòe tbah}hscòe Zoc }o vho ohe Liee! lh} moz

Ohesc`zíenuef! miss sho ehc`} {ul Tzíshmoe}oe bmoz Zhc`}oz ozeiee} vozmoe

niee% Mho Gziu hs} iuc` mi{u jozoc }hf} zoahfh÷s,aofiaoe Izjoh}oe

eic`{ufoòe! oheo wozòhzi}o}o Gziu! iaaozmhefs euz lh} moz Ozaiujehs h`zos

Oòlieeos (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; =:%

Ias Oògziu ì} sho shc` h`zol Liee {u gñfoe! sbaiefo mhos ehc`} moeTzhe{hthoe uem Zofoae mos Hsails vhmozstzhc`} (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe; 00

uem shc` soheoz Gilhaho ue}oz{ubzmeoe% Mis lizbnniehscò foa}oemo

9:




Gilhahoezoc`} wozaief} wbe moz Gziu iusmzñcnahc` Zoston} uem Fo`bzsil

fofoeñjoz moe Sc`vhofozoa}oze% Faohc`{oh}hf fhj} mho Sc`vhofozlu}}oz h`zo

Ozgi`zuefoe voh}oz uem niee moz Sc`vhofoz}bc`}oz oheo vhc`}hfo S}ñ}{o

sohe (Jzouoz :44:; 996%

Mho Lu}}oz ì} iu}bli}hsc` ij moz Fojuz} jhs {uz Tujoz}í} mos Nhemos mis

Sbzfozoc`} (Toiza 988?; =7: uem hs} ias ahojowbaao Oògziu gñz mho Gñzsbzfo

uem Oz{hoùef lh}wozie}vbz}ahc`% Voee moz Liee shc` ul mho `íusahcòe

Iefoaofoeòh}oe vho Ohezhc`}uef uem Iuss}i}}uef fonñlloz} ì}! miee hs}

mho Gziu gñz h`zo Tgaofo uem Ozìa}uef wozie}vbz}ahc ! sbvho gñz mho

@izlbeho he moz Gilhaho (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe; 06,08%

Moz Gziu nbll} ias Lu}}oz oheo josbemozo S}oaauef he moz Fosoaascìg} {u;

م ئ ي %* م *قأ

; م ئ ي ثج ه ج ؠ أ ه ; ا ئ ي ق س ش سـ ظ و ق س م ئ ي ـ

م ؠ أ * ; م ئ ي ه ; م ئ ي * م م * ; قأ ئ ي ه ; م ئ ي %* م *قأ; م ئ ي ه *%

( ;ا ؠئ كؠ ؠأ6= I lie cilo }b }ò Tzbtò} (S%I% iem isnom `hl! ―B Lossoefoz bg Iaai`) V`bl s`buam H jo lbzo mu}hgua }b2‑ ]ò Tzbtò} (S%I% zotahom!―]b xbuz lb}òz%‑ @o isnom! ‑]òe }b v`bl2“ @o zotahom! ‑]b xbuzlb}òz%“ ]ò lie ifihe isnom! ‑]òe }b v`bl2“ ]ò Tzbtòm sihm!‑]b xbuz gi}òz%“ (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 30

3%:%3 Nhem

He moz izijhscòe Voa} hs} ohe Nhem euz miee aofh}hl! voee os he oheoz Oò

bèo Iescùamhfuef moz Lu}}oz iug Oòjzuc` fo{ouf} vuzmo%0

Nhemoz ue}ozsc`homahcòe Foscàoc }s sbaaoe ij mol 6% Aojoeski z ehc`}

lo`z he oheol [hlloz ue}ozfojzic`} vozmoe! sbvho hèoe ij mhosol Ia}oz

mho Fzoe{oe {vhscòe Ozaiuj}ol uem Wozjb}oeol ohefosc`ízg} vozmoe

(Jzouoz :44:; 7=% [vhscòe mol 99% uem 9?% Aojoeski`z sbaaoe sho aozeoemoe zoahfh÷soe Tgahc`}oe! vho johsthoasvohso mho Iusgñ`zuef moz gñeg Fojo}o

il ]if uem mol Gis}oe! eic`{unblloe (Jzouoz :44:; 7:%

Mho Nhemoz scùamoe h`zoe Oa}oze Ic`}uef uem Zoston}8;

0 m%`% 7 Lbei}o eic` moz @ohzi}! lip% :,= Ki`zo eic` Iuga÷suef moz Oò muzc` Scòhmuefbmoz ]bm mos Lieeos! ao}{}ozos ue}oz moz Wbziusso}{uef! miss mho Lu}}oz {vhscòe{oh}ahc`noheo Tozhbmo ì}}o% He lbmozeoe Gilhahoefoso}{oe hs} ohe Nhem aofh}hl! mis lhemos}oes 7Lbei}o eic` moz @ohzi} bmoz 94 Lbei}o jhs 9 Lbemki`z (3?= ]ifo eic` Iuga÷suef moz Oò{uz Voa} nbll} (Jzouoz 9880; 7?%8 Nhemoz! Sc`vhofoz}÷c`}oz uem Oenoanhemoz scùamoe moe faohcòe Zoston}! moe sho moeOa}oze oe}fofoejzhefoe iuc` mol Zos} moz FzbÒgilhaho (Jzouoz 9880; 997%

93




ق ك ـ دو* ق ى ظئه أ أؽ قئؿىـ ه ن ـ و م ظ ئ نـ ئ ئ ؠ ث أ ــؿ*

ق ئ ـئئ ى ئ ـى ئ* ق ى ف ظ ؠ م م ئ ؠ ق أ وظ م ن ئ ـد %%%*( "ئ 9=,9?

(Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe; 3=―_em Vhz ìjoe mol Loescòe soheo Oa}oze iejogbàoe – soheoLu}}oz ì} hè ue}oz vhomoz`ba}oz Sc`vícò fo}zifoe! uem soheoOe}v÷èuef (ozgbaf} heeozìaj wbe {voh Ki`zoe,; ―Soh Lhz uem moheoeOa}oze mienjiz% [u Lhz hs} moz Iusfief%‑ Suzi` Auylie (39;9=―Voee sho shc` ijoz mizul jolñòe! miss mu Lhz mis johfosoaas}!vbwbe mu nohe Vhssoe ìs}! miee fo`bzcò hèoe ehc`}! mbc` fo` lh}hèoe hl Mhossoh}s he zoc`}ahcòz Vohso ul%‑ Suzi` Auylie (39;9?(Iju Kilia; :! 94

ق ئ* م ق م ى ئنق ـ أ ئ نق ق م م أ ك ظ ه م ػ ق ئ أ ئ ـؠئه ئ ئ د ـ ق ؠ ع وطي مـ عئ ئ ع ي ب ـق ه ش م ئ م ئ ق م إـ +ئ ي ئ ي قـ ئنق ـ ف أ

=: – :3ع ؠئ ػ( *سة"

―_em mohe @ozz ì} jos}hll}! miss h`z euz H`l mhoeoe uem {u moeOa}oze fñ}hf sohe sbaa}% Voee eue oheoz wbe hèoe bmoz johmo joh mhz ohe`bòs Ia}oz ozzohcòe! sb sif ehc`} {u hèoe; ―Tguh)‑ uem gi`zo shcèhc`} ie! sbemoze sif {u hèoe o`zozjho}hfo Vbz}o% _em soeno gñz sho

ius Jizlòz{hfnoh} moe Gañfoa moz Molu} uem sif; ―Lohe @ozz!ozjizlo Mhc` h`zoz! vho sho lhc` iugfo{bfoe ìjoe! ias hc` naoheviz%‑‑ Suzi` Ia,Hszi‘ (96;:3,:= (Iju Kilia; 3

Mho Ic`}uef! mho moe ía}ozoe Gilhahoelh}fahomoze fojñ`z}! íuÒoz} shc` he

@÷gahc`noh}! [uzñcnìa}uef uem Fo`bzsil! ijoz iuc` he Fotgabfoeòh}oe vho

moz! miss moz Sbè he Fofoeviz} mos Wi}ozs ehc`} ziucòe vñzmo (Jzouoz

:44:; 9?%

ق ه ؠ ق ظ م ئ ي ـ %* ق ثى ق ثى ئ ق أ ـف ـ د * ; سـ ظ و م ئ ي ـ ؠ * ; م ئ ي وئ ود أ ـس أ ظ و ق س ; ق ظ ق م ع آ

د ف ع ة م ئ ـ %* م س ى آ ق م * ; ئ ئ ي أ ; ق ي ه* قث – ق ـ قؿ ظ – م ; ئ ئ ى عئؿ ه م ف ع ة م ئ ـ %* م * ; ىئ ىئن ئ ي ; م ئ ي * م ـ أ * ; م ئ ى آ ئ ى قؿ ; ق ؠ ع أ ف ئ ؿإ * ; م ئ ي ؠ ئ ن أؠ ئ م ؠ ؠ أ ه ؠ ة ف ؽ ظ م ؠ ن م س ع

م ى ئي ه م د م ع ث ب ق ـ ئ قدـ ئنظ قئدـ ئ ع ق ظئ ـسثػئ آ م ق ـ ن أ ق م ؿ أ ؠ أ ه د * ق ـ قؿ ظ م ئ يـ %*ئ م ؠ ئن ه ؠ م ظ م ؠ ش

ق م م أ ؠ ؠ أ *(

;عائغئ عؠ عكؠ ؠأ6=

9=




Ius mhosol [h}i} vhzm mou}ahc`! miss mho O`zuef moz Oa}oze ebc` wbz moe

Jolñùefoe iug mol Vof {u Fb}} s}o`}% _em moz ]bm ehc`} mis Oemo h`zoz

Ic`}uef jomou}o}! sbemoze mizñjoz `heius Woztgahc`}uefoe hèoe

fofoeñjoz jos}oòe; oz sbaa gñz sho uem h`zo Wozfojuef jh}}oe! h`zo

Wozstzocòe ozgñaaoe! h`zo Gzouemo o`zoe uem mho Jhemuef lh} moz

Wozviem}scìg} iugzoc`} ozìa}oe! mho sbes} wozabzoe fhefoe% Milh} hs} iuc`

mho Jofaohcùef iuss}oòemoz Scùamoe folohe} uem moz ía}os}o Sbè sbaa

Fojo}o! mho sohe Wi}oz ehc`} lo`z {u Aoj{oh}oe wozzhc`}oe nbee}o iusgñ`zoe!

giaas moz Wi}oz ehc`} koliemoe jo{ià} ì} mhos gñz hè {u }ue (Ia,Jiaif`

Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 94:%

Iug mho soajo Vohso vho moz Wi}oz gñz mho Tgaofo moz Nhemoz jhs ñjoz mis

Ozvic`soeoeia}oz `heius wozie}vbz}ahc` hs}! voee sho iugfzuem wbe

Nzienòh} bmoz Jo`hemozuef ehc`} mi{u he moz Aifo shem h`zo

Aojoesìa}uefsnbs}oe {u mocnoe (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 83! sb shem

iuc` mho S÷èo gñz mho Tgaofo h`zos Wi}ozs hl Ia}oz bmoz joh Jomizg

woztgahc`}o}% Giaas moz Sbè ehc`} fo`bzc }! sb niee oz fozhc`}ahc` {ul

Fo`bzsil fo{vuefoe vozmoe (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe 9800; 88%

Mho Ñjozei`lo moz oa}ozahcòe Ebzloe uem Voz}o fha} hl }zimh}hbeoaaoe

hsailhscòe _lgoam ias Soajs}wozs}íemahc`noh} (iuc` voee lie tozs÷eahc`

ehc`} miwbe ñjoz{ouf} hs}! mho Mhs}ie{hozuef miwbe fha} {ulhemos} ias

uefo`÷zhf! voee ehc`} fiz ias Sniemia% Iaaohe he oheoz Vbèuef {u aojoe

vhzm nzh}hsc` joíuf} uem hs} miòz soajs} he FzbÒs}ím}oe oòz mho Iusei`lo

uem gñz Gziuoe uemoenjiz (Jzouoz :44:; 948% ]zb}{ mossoe s}zojoe mho

kñefozoe Foeozi}hbeoe wozlo`z} mieic`! h`z Aojoe ueij`íefhf! l÷fahc`s}

eic` ohfoeoe Wbzs}oaauefoe uem bèo Ohelhscùef moz Oa}oze {u fos}ia}oe

(Jzouoz :44:; 99=%

Vis mho wozsc`homoeoe Gilhahoegbzloe jo}zhgg}! sb nblloe Gilhahoegbzloe

eic` mol Gilhahoejhamuefstzb{oss vho mho moz Imbt}hbesgilhaho! mho moz

ueoòahcòe Ti}c`vbzngilhaho bmoz fiz mho moz Tgaofogilhaho ehc`} he Gzifo%

Iugfzuem moz Oò ias Wbziusso}{uef gñz Foscàoc`}swozno`z mñzg}o os

ohfoe}ahc` ehc`} {u haaofh}hloe Nhemoz nblloe! vbmuzc` Imbt}hbe ias sbacò

ehc`} mhsnu}hoz} vhzm;

9?




―_em Oz ì} ouzo Imbt}hws÷èo ehc`} (vhznahc` {u ouzoe S÷èoefolic`}% Mis hs} ouzo Zomo ius ouzol Luemo% Ijoz Fb}} sif} mhoVi`zòh}! uem Oz gñ`z} moe (zoc`}oe Vof% Eoee} sho eic` h`zoeWí}oze% Mis hs} fozoc`}oz he moe Iufoe Fb}}os% Voee h`z h`zo Wí}ozehc`} noee}! miee foa}oe sho ias ouzo Jzñmoz he moz Zoahfhbe uem ouzo

Sc`ñ}{ahefo% _em os vhzm ouc` ehc`} ias Wozfoòe iefozocèo}! vish`z `hoz fogo a} ìj}! sbemoze vis ouzo @oz{oe wbzsí}{ahc` ies}zojoe%_em Fb}} hs} wbaaoz Wozfojuef uem jizlòz{hf%‑ (33;=!? (Jzouoz:44:; 7?

Mho s}ii}ahcò LiÒei`lo! miss ohe Nhem joh Lhssjziuc` ius soheoz Gilhaho

òziusfoeblloe vozmoe niee! ul he oheo gñzsbzfahcòzo gzolmo

Tgaofogilhaho ñjozfojoe {u vozmoe hs} ueñjahc`! mi komoz Wi}oz gñz mho

Oz{hoùef soheoz Nhemoz wozie}vbz}ahc` folic`} vhzm uem soheo

Oz{hoùefsliÒei`loe noheoz ñjozfobzmeo}oe Nbe}zbaao vho mol S}ii}

ue}ozs}oòe%

_e}oz mho oòahcò Ti}c`vbzngilhaho niee mho Gilhaho oheos tbaxfiloe

Lieeos fo{íà} vozmoe j{v% mho Gilhaho! mho muzc` voh}ozo Nhemoz oheoz

ozeou}oe Oò oheos Tiz}eozs lh} soheoe Nhemoze ius ozs}oz Oò oe}s}o`}%

Vis mho [ià moz Foeozi}hbeoe iejoaief}! sb aíss} shc` iuc` hl izijhscòe

Ziul ohe ]zoem {uz Nozegilhaho jobjic`}oe! vbjoh lie he moz vos}ahcòe

Voa} sc`be wbe moz Zos}gilhaho stzhc`}! m%`% ohe Iaaoheoz{hoòemoz lh} Nhem%

Os hs} joniee}! miss izijhscò Gilhaho lohs}oes FzbÒgilhahoe he oheol

Lo zfoeozi}hbeoeìusìa} shem! he moeoe FzbÒoa}oze! Nhemoz uem Oenoa

{usilloeaojoe% Sho shem snot}hsc` fofoeñjoz ÷ggoe}ahcòe Ohezhc`}uefoe

gñz Jo`hemoz}o uem Ia}o! mi sho gñz sho iesi}{vohso mho Nía}o! moe

Li}ozhiahslus uem moe sb{hiaoe Ehomozfief moz vos}ahcòe Voa}

zotzísoe}hozoe% Mhoso Snotshs whoaoz Lusahlo ozs}zocn} shc` iuc` iug

÷ggoe}ahcò Ohezhc`}uefoe mos Jhamuefs, uem Oz{hoùefsvosoes! wbz iaaol

voee ie moz zoc`}oe hsailhscòe Bzhoe}hozuef mhosoz Hes}h}u}hbe {u {vohgoae

hs} (Jzouoz :44:; 996% Moee mho Gilhaho sho`} shc` ias vhc`}hfos Hes}zuloe}

{uz Oheìa}uef zoahfh÷soz uem nua}uzoaaoz Ebzloe he moe Jozohcòe moz

Oz{hoùef uem Sb{hianbe}zbaao% Moeebc` so}{oe shc` Nhemozfíz}oe! {%J% he

Sxzhoe (Jiz}òa 988=; 98? uem Ia}oetgaofoòhlo aiefsil muzc`! mi fozimo

he FzbÒs}ím}oe mho Vbèuefoe bg} ehc`} moe e÷}hfoe Tai}{ jho}oe%

Soh} moz Ohegñ`zuef mos Hsail s}zoj}o mho lusahlhscò Folohescìg} fzbÒo

Gilhahoe ie! ul sb oheo s}izno lusahlhscò Tbtuai}hbe {u foví`zaohs}oe%

97




Moz Yuz‘ eĉ eoee} noheo LiÒei`loe `heshc`}ahc` moz Gilhahoetaieuef!

kombc` ozvíèoe ohehfo voehfo im }op}oễ ĮŦ i{a„ (cbh}us he}ozzut}us% Mhoso

ei}ñzahcò Iz} moz Oltgíefehswoz`ñ}uef hs} euz lh} oheoz gzohoe Gziu uem

h`zoz Ohevhaahfuef ozaiuj}% Mho Lo zòh} moz Zoc`}sfoao`z}oe aoèoe mho

Ievoemuef wbe oltgíefehswoz`ñ}oemoe Lo}`bmoe ehc`} ij! sbaiefo johmo

milh} ohewozs}iemoe shem! kombc` jofzñemoe bg} voehfoz fojhamo}o zoahfh÷so

Gñ`zoz he naoheoe S}ím}oe uem M÷zgoze! miss Gilhahoetaieuef hl Hsail

wozjb}oe soh! lh} oheol imễ ĮŦ ! mis josif}; ‑Lizzx! ìwo c`hamzoe iem

lua}htax }ì} H vhaa jo tzbum bg xbu be Kumfloe} Mix%“ (Jbvoe 988?; =7?%

Aíemoz lh} oheoz Lo`z{ià ie Lusahloe shem soh} mol :% Voa}nzhof iaafolohe

muzc` oheo `bò Fojuz}oezi}o fonoee{ohcèo}! mho iaaozmhefs iaalíàhc`

shen} uem muzc` oheo giaaoemo S}ozjahc`noh}szi}o! mho ijoz hlloz ebc` ñjoz

mol Muzc`scèh}} ahof}% Íèahc` vho os he moz Wozfiefoeòh} moz vos}ahcòe

Voa} moz Giaa viz! }zifoe Gin}bzoe vho jossozo lomh{hehscò Wozsbzfuef!

Tzbfzillo {u Fosuemòh} uem @xfhoeo he moe Folohemoe! vic`soemo

Iatìjo}hshozuef! Jhamuef moz Gziuoe! Lhfzi}hbe he mho S}ím}o uem

Ozvozjs}í}hfnoh}oe he moz izijhscòe Voa} {u shenoemoe Fojuz}oezi}oe joh

(Jbvoe 988?; =7=% He moz vos}ahcòe Voa} vuzmo mhosoz Tzb{oss muzc`

s}ii}ahcò Zogbzloe mos Gilhahoezoc`}s uem Voz}oviemoa hl Nbe}op} moz

zisie}oe _zjiehshozuef uem Hemus}zhiahshozuef {usí}{ahc` wozs}ízn}%

Bjvbà hl gzñòe Hsail Lic`} lh} oheoz fzbÒoe Jow÷anozuef faohc`foso}{}

vuzmo uem mis Iesoòe lh} moz [ià moz Nhemoz! hesjosbemozo moz S÷èo!

s}hof! gñ`z} Li l m Ťia} }! oòliahfoz Zon}bz moz ia,I{ìz _ehwozsh}í} heỂ Ů Ů

Nihzb ie! miss hl :4% Ki`zùemoz} oheo {u fzbÒo Jow÷anozuef mho Folohemoe

oòz sc`vícò% He Oe}vhcnauefszofhbeoe }zo}o Izlu}! @uefozse÷}o! uem

oheo Ijei`lo moz iaafoloheoe Lbzia hl [usilloeìef lh} oheoz `bòe

Jow÷anozuefs{ià iug! vbmuzc` mho lusahlhscò Folohescìg} iefzohgjiz

vozmo% Ťia} } lohe} voh}oz! miss Gilhahoetaieuef! mho {u WozlhemozuefŮ

mhosoz sb{hiaoe Lhsss}íemo joh}zíf} hl Hsail ozaiuj} soh (Jbvoe 988?; =7?%

Ví`zoem Fojuz}oenbe}zbaao (ؿ ج oòz mho eofi}hwo Nbeeb}i}hbe wbe

Oahlhehozuef moz Eic`nblloe }zíf}! mi sho iuc` S}ozhahshozuef uem

Ij}zohjuef94 hltah{hoz}! hs} moz Jofzhgg Gilhahoetaieuef (س ذ "ائ ث

94 Sc`viefozscìg}sue}ozjzocùefoe mñzgoe euz jhs {ul =% Lbei} ozgbafoe uem euz miee!voee mho Sc`viefozscìg} oheo Fogi`z gñz mis Aojoe moz Lu}}oz mizs}oaa} (Jiz}òa 988=;98?%

96




tbsh}hwoz joaof}! moz oòz ias Scìgguef wbe bt}hliaoe Fojuz}sjomhefuefoe

{u Fues}oe iaaoz Jo}ohahf}oe wozs}iemoe vhzm% Ozs}ozos vhzm miòz woòloe}

ijfoaoè}! mi iaao lusahlhscòe Foao`z}oe S}ozhahshozuef ias Ohefzhgg he mho

Sc`÷tguef Fb}}os iesoòe (Jbvoe 988?; =7?% Lh} Iusei`lo wbe Siumh

Izijhoe! moe Wozohehf}oe Izijhscòe Olhzi}oe uem Liuzo}iehoe vhzm

Gilhahoetaieuef s}ii}ahcòzsoh}s muzc` Iugnaízuefstzbfzillo! moz

Wozsc`zohjuef wbe Woz`ñ}uefslh}}oae u%í% josbemozs he Ífxt}oe! Iafozhoe

uem ]ueoshoe fog÷zmoz} (Jiz}òa 988=; 98?% Whoao soòe s}ii}ahc` fog÷zmoz}o

Tzbfzillo ias oheo Iz} Mzucnlh}}oa ie uem ohehfo joìut}oe sbfiz! miss

moz Vos}oe moe Hsail muzc` oheo Lhehlhozuef moz lusahlhscòe

Folohescìg} {u sc`vícòe wozsucò! vosìaj sho iuc` iaao

Gilhahoetaieuefstzbfzillo s}zhn} ijaoèoe% Whoao Hsailhs}oe

izfuloe}hozoe! miss mho Ievoemuef wbe Fojuz}oenbe}zbaao {u lo`z

_elbzia he Gbzl wbe wbzoòahcòl Foscàoc`}swozno`z! Oòjzuc` uem

Ij}zohjuef gñ`zo (Jbvoe 988?; =7?%

Mho Gilhahoegbzl eic` moz Zbaaoejoso}{uef he moz Gilhaho hs} hl Ebzliagiaa

mho [vohoa}ozegilhaho! mi mho Scòhmuef fosoaascìg}ahc` wozt÷e} hs} uem oheo

lbziahscò Íc`}uef moz Gziu jomou}o} (Jiz}òa 988=; 98?%

Moz Hlil Ki‘giz Ia,Simhy {h}hoz}o moe Tzbtò}oe vho gbaf};

‑Lizzx (xbuzsoawos iem lizzx (xbuz sbes iem miuf`}ozs% Gbz}uei}ohs }ò Lusahl v`b cie iggbzm }b tix gbz ie uelizzhom vblie% Eb}`hefhs lbzo abwom jx Iaai` }ò Opia}om he Hsail }ìe i `blo so} ut jxlizzhifo! iem eb}`hef hs lbzo ì}om jx Iaai` }ò Opia}om he Hsail}ìe i `blo tuaaom mbve jx mhwbzco%“ (Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe; ?8

Mho Gilhahoegbzl zhc`}o} shc` jo{ñfahc` mos Vbèsh}{os eic` mol Oòliee!

m%`% mho Oògziu {ho`} {u moz Gilhaho mos Lieeos uem hs} sblh} ti}zhabnia%Mho Gilhahoegbzl eic` moz Ozvozjs}í}hfnoh} zhc`}o} shc` he izijhscòe

Gilhahoe ojoegiaas eic` mol Oòliee! moz gñz moe _e}ozìa} moz Gilhaho

wozie}vbz}ahc` hs}! vbjoh soheo Gziu lh} soheoz Ozaiujehs {usí}{ahc` oheoz

Izjoh} eic`foòe niee%

= _e}ozsc`homo ' Folohesilnoh}oe

Izijhscò S}ii}oe ìjoe noheo zimhniao ]zoeeuef wbe S}ii} uem Zoahfhbe

uem iuc` ehc`} mis IusliÒ ie _zjiehshozuef uem Hemus}zhiahshozuef

90




ozgi`zoe vho os he moz vos}ahcòe Voa} hl ao}{}oe Ki`zùemoz} moz Giaa viz%

Miòz ozscòheoe hèoe vos}ahcò Fosoaascìg}ss}zun}uzoe uewozs}íemahc`! he

moeoe mho Vhz}scìg} uem moz S}ii} moe Iaa}if jos}hlloe! mis kombc`

oe}scòhmoem {uz Wozíemozuef moz Gilhahoes}zun}uzoe joh}zíf}% Mi

Vhz}scìg} iug Fovhee ij{hoa}! wozaief} sho moz Fosoaascìg} `bò Lbjhah}í}!

Gaophjhah}í} uem Oggh{hoe{ ij% Iaaozmhefs vozmoe he oheoz Gilhaho gos}o

S}zun}uzoe joe÷}hf} ul mho Oz{hoùef moz Nhemoz foví`zaohs}oe {u n÷eeoe%

@he{u nbll}! miss moz S}ii} mho Vhz}scìg} lo`z `bebzhoz} ias mho Gilhaho!

mho he Gbafo hmooaa uem li}ozhoaa wozeicàísshf} vhzm% Voha tbah}hscò!

zoahfh÷so! vhz}scìg}ahcò uem oz{hoòzhscò Guen}hbeoe moz Gilhaho {ul ]oha

iug iemozo Hes}h}u}hbeoe vho moe S}ii}! tbah}hscòe Folohemoe!

Wozshcòzuefsies}ia}oe uem mis Scùavosoe ñjoz}zifoe vuzmoe! nil os {u

oheoz Tauziahshozuef moz Aojoesgbzloe! mi mho Ij`íefhfnoh} wbe moz Gilhaho

sien uem milh} iuc` mho Jomou}uef wbe Nhemoze ias Ia}ozswbzsbzfo% Mhoso

fovbeeoeoe Gzohòh}oe vozmoe he oheoz Gilhaho joe÷}hf} ul moe

Gilhahoeue}ozìa} {u shcòze% Migñz hs} os eb}voemhf! miss johmo Oòtiz}eoz

oheoz Ozvozjs}í}hfnoh} eic`foòe bmoz fofojoeoegiaas s}ii}ahcò

_e}ozs}ñ}{uef joie}zifoe lñssoe% Gbafahc` ìjoe shc` mho Zbaaoejhamoz

wozíemoz}! sb miss mho iu}bzh}ízo Zbaao mos Wi}ozs! moz ehc`} lo`z iaaoheo gñz

moe _e}ozìa} sbzf}! ehc`} aíefoz fozoc }goz}hf} viz% _l moz Vhz}scìg}

fozoc } {u vozmoe! vozmoe Nhemoz miziug fo}zhll} sb scèoaa uem

ozgbafzohc` vho l÷fahc` iug moe Lbloe} moz Izjoh}siugei`lo wbzjozoh}o} {u

sohe! vbjoh mis Jhamuefssxs}ol mho Wozlh}}auef moz Zbaao he moz Gilhaho

wozeicàísshf} (Kñeoliee; 9:% Mizius zosua}hoz} ohe Hemhwhmuiahslus! moz

muzc` oz`÷`}o Scòhmuefszi}oe! Nhemozabshfnoh}! Zoston}abshfnoh} fofoeñjoz

ia}oe Loescòe uem `blbsopuoaao Jo{hoùefoe {ul Iusmzucn nbll}! m%`%

òhÒ} ijoz ehc`}! miss nohe Vuesc` eic` oheol fobzmeo}oe Gilhahoeaojoe

jos}o`}! sbemoze mho Iefs} wbz mol Scòh}oze iugfzuem moz _eshcòzòh} iug

mol Izjoh}slizn} mho Zoiahshozuef miwbe jo`hemoz} uem Fojuz}oenbe}zbaao

he Gbzl wbe Woz`ñ}uefslh}}oae uem Ij}zohjuef g÷zmoz}% Miss os `hozjoh iasb

ehc`} hlloz euz ul Soajs}jos}hlluef uem Ofbhslus fo`} hs} gñz oheoe

Izijoz bg} euz sc`voz wbzs}oaajiz% Moee mho Gilhaho hs} mho Jishs moz

Fosoaascìg}! muzc` voacò koeo vhomozul zotzbmu{hoz} vhzm% @blbsopuoaao

98




Oòe! Ij}zohjuef! S}ozhahshozuef uem L÷ec`}ul ozscòheoe ius mhosoz

Tozston}hwo sheeabs%

Mho lusahlhscò Gilhaho }oha} mijoh ohehfo Folohesilnoh}oe lh} vos}ahcòe

Gilhahoegbzloe% @hs}bzhsc` fosoòe viz mho Gilhaho he moz vos}ahcòe Voa}

ojoegiaas ti}zhizcìahsc` bzfiehshoz} he moz mho Zbaaoe{uvohsuef naiz moghehoz}

fovosoe hs}% Moz Liee viz gñz mho Ozvozjsizjoh} uem moe _e}ozìa}

{us}íemhf uem mho Gziu gñz @iusìa} uem Gilhaho%

Gzhomzhc` Sc`haaozs ―Ahom wbe moz Fabcno‑;

―Moz Liee luss `heius hes gohemahcò Aojoe! luss vhznoe uems}zojoe uem tgaie{oe uem scìggoe! ozahs}oe! ozziggoe! luss vo}}oeuem vifoe! mis Fañcn {u ozkifoe (‧% _em mzheeoe via}o} mho {ñc`}hfo

@iusgziu! mho Lu}}oz moz Nhemoz! uem òzzscò} vohso hl `íusahcòeNzohso‑ (Izoes; 9:=

Fozimo he moe Ifzizfosoaascìg}oe vizoe Wozviem}scìg}soòe eic`

he}ozgilhahízoz Ohehfuef ñjahc ! ul gilhahízo He}ozossoe {u vi`zoe%

Scòhmuef viz wozt÷e} (Scòzto; 3 uem koesoh}s moz Gilhaho fij os noheo

ophs}oe{hoaao Fzuemaifo iuÒoz moz Nhzcò bmoz mol Nabs}oz! m%`% os jos}iem

oheo íèahcò Ij`íefhfnoh} wbe moz Gilhaho! mho iug moz iemozoe Soh}o iuc`

vhomoz Shcòzòh} he Eb}! Nzienòh} uem Ia}oz jb}! uem iasIzjoh}swozlh}}auef! Wozshcòzuef! Nhemoz, uem Gilhahoejozi}uef! Jien!

Ao`zoz uem _e}oznueg} joh Jomizg @hago aohs}o}o% Heìa}o uem Bzfiehsi}hbe wbe

Oz{hoùef uem Tgaofo he moz Gilhaho vuzmoe mijoh euz soa}oe {ul

Mhsnusshbes}òli (Kñeoliee; 7%

Ius zoahfh÷soz Shc`} jo}zic`}o} ozfojoe shc` ojoegiaas Folohesilnoh}oe% He

moz Jhjoa Foe 9! :0 vhzm mho Gbz}tgaie{uef jo}be}! mho S}oaauef mos Lieeos

ñjoz moz Gziu josc`zhojoe (Foe 3! 97! moz Fo`bzsil fofoeñjoz moe Oa}ozeozvíè} (An :! ?999! mho {oè Fojb}o (Op :4! 9,96! M}e ?! 9,:: ias Zofoae

iugfoahs}o}! mho mis Aojoe uem mis sbahmizhscò [usilloeaijoe mos

Juemoswbanos Fb}}os foví`zaohs}oe uem mizhe iuc` uem fozimo mozoe

Sc`vícòzo Fahomoz sc`ñ}{oe sbaaoe (Izoes; 9:9%

Soajs} mho izijhscò Voa} nbee}o shc` mol Ohegauss wbe _zjiehshozuef!

Hemus}zhiahshozuef uem Nith}iahslus ehc`} oe}{hoòe uem ozaoj} sblh}

íèahcò Oe}vhcnauefoe! vis oheo s}ohfoemo ]oemoe{ {uz Iuga÷suef wbe

99 ]blonbwi; :

:4




FzbÒgilhahoewozjíemoe he S}ím}oe! jozugs}í}hfo Gziuoe uem @ohlo

vhmozsthofoae%

IuÒozmol gbzlhozoe shc` ueij`íefhf wbe Zoahfhbe uem Voa}jham iaafolohe

íèahcò Gilhahoes}zun}uzoe; gheie{hoaa ijfoshcòz}o uem fojhamo}o Oa}oze

ìjoe lohs} voehfoz Nhemoz ias izlo uem uefojhamo}o Oa}oze% Iuc`

bzhoe}hozoe shc` zohcòzo Oa}oze oòz ie oheol lbmozeoe Aojoess}ha ias

izlo Gilhahoe! mho lohs} ie }zimh}hbeoaaoe Wbzs}oaauefoe wbe Gilhahoeaojoe

gos}ìa}oe (Jbvoe 988?; =7?%

_l `÷òzo Jhamuef {u ozvozjoe vhzm os gñz whoao Loescòe ius vos}ahcòe

uem izijhscòe Aíemoze e÷}hf! wbe {u @iuso ius{u{hoòe ul he moz Gozeo

mho eb}voemhfo Iusjhamuef ozìa}oe {u n÷eeoe% Mhos hs} ei}ñzahc` iuc`

vhomoz ij`íefhf wbe gheie{hoaaoe Lh}}oae! mho he vos}ahcòe Aíemoze }ohavohso

iuc` wbl S}ii} fo}zifoe vozmoe% Voee eic` moz Iusjhamuef noheo

aunzi}hwo Izjoh} foguemoe vhzm luss lie {viefsvohso vhomoz {u moe Oa}oze

{hoòe! os soh moee lie ì} Iestzuc` iug s}ii}ahcò @hagoaohs}uefoe%

? Gi{h}

Os vuzmo mou}ahc`! miss shc` mho lusahlhscò Gilhaho ehc`} ñjoz Fovia}!

Tbaxfxeho uem _e}ozmzñcnuef moz Gziu! sbemoze ñjoz fofoesoh}hfo Ahojo moz

Oòtiz}eoz {uoheiemoz! ]oemoe{ {uz Lbebfilho uem

foscàoc }ozsto{hghscò Zbaaoewoz}ohauef! he moz komoz soheo Iugfijoe!

Tgahc`}oe uem Zoc`}o ì}! moghehoz}%

Mho eofi}hwoe Jhamoz! mho ñjoz mho kovohahfo iemozo Nua}uz tzbkh{hoz} vozmoe!

s}hlloe iesi}{vohso lh} moz wbe moe Hmoiawbzs}oaauefoe ijvohcòemoe

Zoiah}í} ñjozohe! s}oaaoe ijoz he moz kovohahfoe Fosoaascìg} oòz moe

Iusei`logiaa miz% Os hs} joniee}! miss os he Mou}scàiem Nhemozabso uem

Iaaoheoz{hoòemo fhj} uem Oòtiz}eoz moz ]zhensuc`} wozgiaaoe bmoz wbe mol

Tiz}eoz jo}zbfoe vozmoe% Iemozozsoh}s fhj} os he izijhscòe Gilhahoe

íèahcò ]zif÷mhoe! joh moeoe os {u haaofh}hloe Nhemoz nbll}! joh moeoe

Fosc`homoeo wbe moz ohfoeoe Gilhaho wozjiee} vozmoe bmoz joh moeoe os

hl Op}zolgiaa sbfiz {ul O`zoelbzm nbll}% Euz lh} oheol ulgissoemoe

Wozs}íemehs moz iemozoe Nua}uz n÷eeoe sbacò ]zif÷mhoe j{v% eofi}hwoe

Lomhoejhamoz zhc`}hf he}oztzo}hoz} uem ohefobzmeo} vozmoe%

:9




Noheo Gilhahoegbzl hs} s}o}hf! sbemoze komo ohe{oaeo Gilhaho hs} lh} eouoe

@oziusgbzmozuefoe nbegzbe}hoz} uem wozsuc`} shc` ie mho fofojoeoe

_ls}íemo jos}l÷fahc` ie{utissoe! ul mol Eic`vuc`s mho jos}oe

[unueg}scìecoe jho}oe {u n÷eeoe% Mho gilhahízo Sh}ui}hbe vhzm `hozjoh wbz

iaaol iuc` muzc` mho gheie{hoaaoe Lh}}oa! mho h`z {uz Wozgñfuef s}oòe uem

mis fosoaascìg}ahcòe _lgoam fotzíf} uem niee miòz he fzbÒol LiÒo

wbeoheiemoz ijvohcòe uem shc` íemoze%

7 Jhjahbfzit`ho

Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe; ]ò Lusahl Gilhax% Ia,Jiaif` Gbuemi}hbe! ]o`zie

9800%

Jiz}òa! Fñe}òz (@zsf%; Aophnbe izijhscò Voa} – Nua}uz! Aojoesvohso!

Vhz}scìg}! Tbah}hn uem Ei}uz hl Eiòe Bs}oe uem Ebzmigzhni% Zohcòz} Wozaif!

Vhosjimoe 988=%

Jzouoz! Zh}i; Gilhahoeaojoe hl Hsail , ]zimh}hbeoe! Nbegahn}o! Wbzuz}ohao%

@ozmoz Wozaif! Gzohjuzf hl Jzohsfiu :44:%

Jbvoe! Mbeei Aoo; Gilhax Taieehef% He; ]ò Bpgbzm Oecxcabtomhi bg }ò

Lbmoze Hsailhc Vbzam – Wbaulo H% Bpgbzm _ehw% Tzoss! Eov Xbzn û%i%\ 988?% S%=7=,

=77Gozeoi! Oah{ijo}` Vizebcn; Gilhax% He; ]ò Bpgbzm Oecxcabtomhi bg }ò

Lbmoze Hsailhc Vbzam – Wbaulo H% Bpgbzm _ehw% Tzoss! Eov Xbzn û%i%\ 988?% S%=?0,

=79

@bu}sli! L%]`%! Izebam! ]%V%! Jisso}! Z%! @iz}liee! Z%; I a% He;

Oe{xnabtiomho mos Hsail – Jiem H! I,M% Jzhaa Wozaif! Aohmoe 9893% S%98=

N`buzx! Imoa"@oheo! To}oz; @iemjuc` Zoc`} uem Nua}uz mos Hsails he moz

mou}scòe Fosoaascìg}; Tzbjaolo hl Iaa}if – @he}ozfzñemo – Ie}vbz}oe%

Fñ}ozsabòz Wozaif% Fñ}ozsab` :444%Aocozg! K%; ‘hai% „Ą He; Oecxcabtèmho mo a‘Hsail – ]blo H! I,J! ebuw% Èm%% Jzhaa

Wozaif! Tizhs 9874% S% 39?,397

Toiza! Miwhm S}otòe; Gilhax Aiv% He; ]ò Bpgbzm Oecxcabtomhi bg }ò

Lbmoze Hsailhc Vbzam – Wbaulo H% Bpgbzm _ehw% Tzoss! Eov Xbzn û%i%\ 988?% S%=79,

=7=

Scùa}{! ]bjhis; Gis{hei}hbe! Oe}}íuscùef! Vu}; Vho Izijoz moe Vos}oe

soòe% BL Jbbns! Lbsjic` :44?%

Vo`z! @ies; Izijhscòs V÷z}ozjuc` gñz mho Sc`zhg}stzicò moz Fofoeviz}

Izijhsc`,Mou}sc`% @izzissbvh}{ Wozaif! Vhosjimoe 9880%

::




ئ ـ آئظ ـ إأ ـ آت ـ ئث % ءئ

;ا ؠئ كؠ ؠأ %

Iju Kilia; Mho Zoc`}o moz Oa}oze%`}}t;""vvv%mhoeoziaai`s%mo"jucòz"mou}sc`"oa}ozezoc`}o%tmg [uao}{} josuc`} il; 9?%94%:440

Izoes! Omluem; Zbaaoewoz}ohauef he Gilhaho uem Jozug – hsailhscò uem

c`zhs}ahcò Iesí}{o% S% 99?,939%`}}t;""vvv%nbezim%bzf%}z"Hsail/:4m}/:4:447"9:izoesIA%tmg [uao}{} josuc`} il; 9?%94%40

Kñeoliee! Oahsijo} ; Gilhaho hl Viemoa – Eouo Zbaaoejhamoz he mozFosoaascìg}%`}}t;""vvv%zoebwijhs%mo"mbveabim"ZoebwijhsRNbefzossR:447RKuoeoliee%tmg [uao}{} josuc`} il; :4%94%:440

Loxozs Aophnbe beaheo (:440; Gilhaho (Sicìz}hnoa Sb{hbabfho%`}}t;""aophnbe%loxozs%mo"jobsoizc`"tozlahen%ic}hbe2tifoHm<:790=37='wozshbe<6[uao}{} josuc`} il; 9?%94%:440

Scòzto! Mz% Koes L; Gilhahos he Ouzbto – Ouzbtoie Gilhax Aiv2`}}t;""vvv%coas%aiv%cil%ic%un"Ghao"owoe}s"Scòzto%tmg [uao}{} josuc`} il; :4%94%:440

]blonbwi! Lizhi; [uz Jos}hlluef moz Gilhahoezbaao hl Nbe}op} mozc`zhs}ahcòe Ie}`zbtbabfho he Mbnuloe}oe mos nhzcàhcòe Ao`zil}os%`}}t;""vvv%w`g%ù"w`gReov"hlifos"mbnuloe}ulbn"nbegozoechin"Nizh}is{RNbegozoechi"lizhi}blonbwi%tmg [uao}{} josuc`} il; 97%94%:440

:3

http://www.dienerallahs.de/bucher/deutsch/elternrechte.pdf

http://www.konrad.org.tr/Islam%20dt%202006/12arensAL.pdf

http://www.renovabis.de/download/Renovabis_Kongress_2006_Juenemann.pdf

http://lexikon.meyers.de/beosearch/permlink.action?pageId=26184364&version=7

http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/File/events/Scherpe.pdf

http://www.vhf.hu/vhf_new/images/dokumentumok/konferenciak/Karitasz_Konferencia/mariatomekova.pdf


http://www.dienerallahs.de/bucher/deutsch/elternrechte.pdf

http://www.konrad.org.tr/Islam%20dt%202006/12arensAL.pdf

http://www.renovabis.de/download/Renovabis_Kongress_2006_Juenemann.pdf

http://lexikon.meyers.de/beosearch/permlink.action?pageId=26184364&version=7

http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/File/events/Scherpe.pdf



familie - das leben in der arabischen gemeinschaft (2008)

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