Families and Social ChangeFamilies and Social Change►GlobalizationGlobalization►World economic stratificationWorld economic stratification► Implications for families around the worldImplications for families around the world

►EconomicsEconomics►HealthHealth►Safety, stability, and securitySafety, stability, and security►Race and ethnic relationsRace and ethnic relations

►Predictions for the futurePredictions for the future►Main themes of the semesterMain themes of the semester

Globalization: driving force for Globalization: driving force for changechange

►Global interdependence:Global interdependence: Economic futures are intertwinedEconomic futures are intertwined National problems become internationalNational problems become international Families affected by conditions around the Families affected by conditions around the

worldworld

World Economic StratificationWorld Economic Stratification► Countries stratified into 3 levels:Countries stratified into 3 levels:

Core (wealthy, highly developed, slow Core (wealthy, highly developed, slow pop. growth, high standard of living) – pop. growth, high standard of living) – U.S., Europe U.S., Europe

Periphery (poor, less developed, rapid Periphery (poor, less developed, rapid pop. growth, lower standard of living) -pop. growth, lower standard of living) -AfricaAfrica

Semi-periphery (beginning to develop; Semi-periphery (beginning to develop; may become core) India, Chinamay become core) India, China

World Economic StratificationWorld Economic Stratification► System dominated by multinational System dominated by multinational

Corporations (MNC’s)Corporations (MNC’s) Based in core countriesBased in core countries Divide operations among several countriesDivide operations among several countries Use labor of periphery countriesUse labor of periphery countries Profits go to corporate elite, some to core Profits go to corporate elite, some to core

countriescountries Outside control of any one governmentOutside control of any one government Extremely powerfulExtremely powerful

Implications for world systemImplications for world systemCore countries: Core countries: ►15-20% of world’s population controls:15-20% of world’s population controls:

80% of corporate markets80% of corporate markets 68% of foreign investment68% of foreign investment 50% of energy use50% of energy use

►High political powerHigh political power►High standard of livingHigh standard of living►High national security expendituresHigh national security expenditures

Implications for world systemImplications for world systemPeriphery countriesPeriphery countries► Dependent on core countriesDependent on core countries►Aid from core countries has declinedAid from core countries has declined►1/3 of work force un- or under-employed1/3 of work force un- or under-employed►Poverty, low standard of livingPoverty, low standard of living►Some employment opportunities for Some employment opportunities for

womenwomen Have not greatly changed women’s rolesHave not greatly changed women’s roles

Economic implications for Economic implications for familiesfamilies

► Core: Jobs lost to periphery countriesCore: Jobs lost to periphery countries High cost of national security = funds diverted High cost of national security = funds diverted

from social programsfrom social programs Income inequality: 200 richest people > 2.4 Income inequality: 200 richest people > 2.4

billion poorestbillion poorest►Periphery: High levels of unemploymentPeriphery: High levels of unemployment

Migration to urban areas, disruption of villagesMigration to urban areas, disruption of villages More jobs for women, BUT their daughters More jobs for women, BUT their daughters

abandon school for household laborabandon school for household labor

Health implications for Health implications for familiesfamilies

► Core: slow pop. growth = high Core: slow pop. growth = high proportion of elderly = strain on health proportion of elderly = strain on health care systemcare system World travel = transportation of diseasesWorld travel = transportation of diseases

►Periphery: have technology from core, Periphery: have technology from core, less disease, lower mortalityless disease, lower mortality Results in higher population growth.Results in higher population growth. Health care not available in all rural areas.Health care not available in all rural areas. Selling organs OK in some countries – Selling organs OK in some countries –

affects poorest classes.affects poorest classes.

Safety, Security, StabilitySafety, Security, Stability► Lives disrupted by poverty, exploitation, war. Lives disrupted by poverty, exploitation, war.

► Children may:Children may:

Witness extreme violence Witness extreme violence Lose homes because of political strife (12 million Lose homes because of political strife (12 million

in 2002)in 2002) Be killed or disabled by war, violence (7 million)Be killed or disabled by war, violence (7 million) Become orphaned by violence (1 million)Become orphaned by violence (1 million)

► Orphaned children = large increase in Orphaned children = large increase in international adoptions.international adoptions.

Safety, Security, StabilitySafety, Security, Stability► Central Asia, Africa: “world of Central Asia, Africa: “world of

refugees”refugees” 80% women80% women 45% < 18 yrs. old45% < 18 yrs. old 14% < 5 yrs. old14% < 5 yrs. old Afghanistan to PakistanAfghanistan to Pakistan Between African countriesBetween African countries Most countries unprepared to handle Most countries unprepared to handle

refugeesrefugees

Terrorism and war as global Terrorism and war as global issuesissues

► Strategy to fight terrorism is Strategy to fight terrorism is international issueinternational issue

► Insecurity, fear, social disruption = Insecurity, fear, social disruption = “endemic stress” in some areas“endemic stress” in some areas

►Civil rights may be affectedCivil rights may be affected► Women and children increasingly Women and children increasingly

used by terroristsused by terrorists

Racism, hateRacism, hate► Becoming “normalized” in some places – Becoming “normalized” in some places –

not necessarily fringe or extremist.not necessarily fringe or extremist.► Racial, religious differences have Racial, religious differences have

intensifiedintensified►Effects on families:Effects on families:

Prejudice, discrimination, limited opportunityPrejudice, discrimination, limited opportunity Loss of civil rights Loss of civil rights Forced migration – refugee trendForced migration – refugee trend Violence (ethnic cleansing, genocide)Violence (ethnic cleansing, genocide)

What does the future hold?What does the future hold?► Individualism, private family around the Individualism, private family around the

worldworld►Cultural variation in family forms, valuesCultural variation in family forms, values►Economic divisions will intensifyEconomic divisions will intensify►Family policies slow to developFamily policies slow to develop►Global interdependence will benefit eliteGlobal interdependence will benefit elite►Grassroots organization may evolve for Grassroots organization may evolve for

working classesworking classes

Major themes of this courseMajor themes of this course►Connection between family and societyConnection between family and society►Connection between mode of production Connection between mode of production

and family formand family form Land ownership, patriarchal extended familyLand ownership, patriarchal extended family Industrialization, breadwinner-homemaker Industrialization, breadwinner-homemaker

familyfamily Post-industrial, women’s employment, Post-industrial, women’s employment,

individual familyindividual family

Major themes of this courseMajor themes of this course►Primacy of private family, emotional Primacy of private family, emotional

bond bond Weakest but most satisfying kind of bondWeakest but most satisfying kind of bond Nurture the emotional bond with:Nurture the emotional bond with:

►TimeTime►CommunicationCommunication►BalanceBalance