FamilyFamily

• Married Clementine Hozier in 1908.Married Clementine Hozier in 1908.• Lord Randolph Churchill (1849-1895), Lord Randolph Churchill (1849-1895),

was a leader in the Conservative party.was a leader in the Conservative party.• His mother was Lady Jennie Jerome His mother was Lady Jennie Jerome

Churchill (1854-1921), an American Churchill (1854-1921), an American heiress. heiress.

• Became parents of one boy and three Became parents of one boy and three girls. One of the girls, Marigold, died at girls. One of the girls, Marigold, died at age three. age three.

1900 1900

Elected to Parliament as a Conservative in 1900.Elected to Parliament as a Conservative in 1900. In 1900, he ran for a seat in Parliament on the In 1900, he ran for a seat in Parliament on the

Conservative ticket, but lost. Later that year he was Conservative ticket, but lost. Later that year he was hired by a London newspaper to report on the Boer hired by a London newspaper to report on the Boer War in South Africa. War in South Africa.

1904 1904 Joined the Liberal Joined the Liberal

Party and became the Party and became the president of the Board president of the Board of Trade in 1904.of Trade in 1904.

In 1904, Churchill In 1904, Churchill crossed the floor to crossed the floor to the Liberals, changing the Liberals, changing parties over the issue parties over the issue of Tariff Reform. of Tariff Reform. Moving through Moving through several increasingly several increasingly important government important government jobs.jobs.

1906-08 1906-08

Served as Under Served as Under Secretary of State Secretary of State for the Colonies for the Colonies from 1906-08.from 1906-08.

Later entered as Later entered as Home Secretary in Home Secretary in 1910.1910.

World War I World War I

Served in the military in France during World War I.Served in the military in France during World War I. In 1911, Prime Minister Herbert H. Asquith appointed Churchill First Lord of the Admiralty. The In 1911, Prime Minister Herbert H. Asquith appointed Churchill First Lord of the Admiralty. The

P.M. wanted a strong leader of the navy who understood that the imminent danger of German P.M. wanted a strong leader of the navy who understood that the imminent danger of German aggression could bring war to England. After the outbreak of the war in Europe, Britain entered aggression could bring war to England. After the outbreak of the war in Europe, Britain entered the conflict in 1914, and the navy was ready. Churchill had reorganized and modernized the navy, the conflict in 1914, and the navy was ready. Churchill had reorganized and modernized the navy, and developed anti-submarine tactics. and developed anti-submarine tactics.

Churchill’s attack on the Dardanelles and the Gallipoli Peninsula failed miserably. Considering Churchill’s attack on the Dardanelles and the Gallipoli Peninsula failed miserably. Considering himself to be a failure, he resigned from the admiralty. In July 1915, he joined the British army in himself to be a failure, he resigned from the admiralty. In July 1915, he joined the British army in France as a major, then colonel in charge of a battalion. In 1917, the new prime minister, David France as a major, then colonel in charge of a battalion. In 1917, the new prime minister, David Lloyd George, appointed Churchill to the post of Minister of Munitions. Having previously Lloyd George, appointed Churchill to the post of Minister of Munitions. Having previously promoted development of the battlefield tank, Churchill now organized full-scale production. promoted development of the battlefield tank, Churchill now organized full-scale production.

1918-21 1918-21

Secretary of War 1918-21.Secretary of War 1918-21. The year 1918 brought appointment to the The year 1918 brought appointment to the

position of secretary of state for war then position of secretary of state for war then as colonial secretary he helped negotiate as colonial secretary he helped negotiate the treaty that set up the Irish Free State.the treaty that set up the Irish Free State.

1924-29

• Chancellor of the Exchequer 1924-29.

• As an advocate of laissez-faire economics, he was strongly criticized by John Maynard Keynes. Churchill was not a financial innovator he basically followed conventional advice from his colleagues. Nevertheless, his decision to return the country to the prewar gold standard increased unemployment and was a cause of the general strike of 1926. He advocated aggressive action to end the strike, thus earning the lasting distrust of the labor movement.

World War IIWorld War II Served as First Lord of Admiralty Served as First Lord of Admiralty

when World War II broke out.when World War II broke out. Churchill was endowed with Churchill was endowed with

prodigious inner strength, depth prodigious inner strength, depth of thought and far-sighted of thought and far-sighted wisdom. He also loved his wife wisdom. He also loved his wife deeply and gained much of his deeply and gained much of his inner strength from his marriage, inner strength from his marriage, his writing and painting. his writing and painting.

Churchill’s greatest strength was Churchill’s greatest strength was the will to maintain Britain as a the will to maintain Britain as a great power and a great great power and a great democracy. democracy.

1940-45 and 1951-55 1940-45 and 1951-55

• Prime Minister from 1940-45 and 1951-55Prime Minister from 1940-45 and 1951-55• A day after France’s surrender to Germany on June 22, 1940, Churchill A day after France’s surrender to Germany on June 22, 1940, Churchill

addressed the House of Commons, declaring: “Let us therefore brace addressed the House of Commons, declaring: “Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, ‘This was their its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, ‘This was their finest hour.’” During August to October 1940, an air war was waged in the finest hour.’” During August to October 1940, an air war was waged in the skies over England. Preparing for an invasion of England, Germany attacked skies over England. Preparing for an invasion of England, Germany attacked British coastal defenses, radar stations, and shipping. On August 24 the British coastal defenses, radar stations, and shipping. On August 24 the attacks began to include Royal Air Force installations and aircraft factories, in attacks began to include Royal Air Force installations and aircraft factories, in an effort to gain control of the skies over southern England. an effort to gain control of the skies over southern England.

19531953

• Knighted and awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953 for his six volume history of World War II.

Additional InformationAdditional Information Became a national hero after his Became a national hero after his

escape from captivity during the escape from captivity during the Boer War Boer War

Supported Edward VIII during his Supported Edward VIII during his abdication despite the abdication despite the government's disapproval government's disapproval

Returned Britain to the gold Returned Britain to the gold standard while Chancellor of the standard while Chancellor of the Exchequer Exchequer

Led Britain through World War II Led Britain through World War II Refused to make peace with Refused to make peace with

Germany while Hitler was in Germany while Hitler was in power power

With Roosevelt and Stalin, With Roosevelt and Stalin, developed plan for victory over developed plan for victory over Germany Germany

During a speech in 1946, warned During a speech in 1946, warned of the expansive tendencies of the of the expansive tendencies of the Soviet Union coining the term Soviet Union coining the term 'iron curtain'. 'iron curtain'.

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12 May. 2010 "Churchill, Winston." The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. 01 Dec. 2002. eLibrary. Web. 12 May. 2010. Kansas, Dave; Whalen, Jeanne. "The New U.K. Government: Nation Shifts From Decades of Single-

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Agency. 11 May. 2010 eLibrary. Web. 13 May. 2010. "Churchill, Winston (1941)." World Book Year Books. 01 Jul. 2009. eLibrary. Web. 13 May. 2010. Atlantic Charter." Compton's by Britannica, v 6.0. 27 Jan. 2009. eLibrary. Web. 13 May. 2010. "Teheran Conference." The Great American History Fact-Finder. 01 Dec. 2004. eLibrary. Web. 13 May.

2010. "Atlantic Charter." The Great American History Fact-Finder. 01 Dec. 2004. eLibrary. Web. 13 May. 2010. "Atlantic Charter." Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia. 12 Sep. 2005. eLibrary. Web. 13 May. 2010. "Yalta Conference." The Great American History Fact-Finder. 01 Dec. 2004. eLibrary. Web. 13 May.

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