Famous people of 20th century

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Royal FamilyPoliticiansMusiciansActorsWritersScientists and Inventors

Royal Family1) Elizabeth II

-Resent Queen of the UK and also 15 independent states.

Date of Birth: 21 April 1926 (86 years)Reign: 6 February 1952 – recent time

She is twelfth monarch of The United Kingdom and N. Ireland and second Head of Commonwealth of Nations. She is the oldest monarch in the history of Britain.She became a queen when she was only 25.She became the first monarch whose ceremony of coronation was shown on TV. According to the British tradition of constitutional monarchy, Queen Elizabeth II mostly perform representative functions, almost without affecting the running of the country. However, during her reign she manages to support the authority of the British monarchy.She is the first British monarch, who:1) has visited New Zealand, Australia (1953-1954)and

Republic of Ireland (2011);2) Has taken part in sessions of UN ( русск. ООН) (1957,

2010) and United States Congress.

Interesting facts:3) She never gives interviews;4) She is a member of 600 charitable organizations.5) In 2012 there was 60-years-old ( diamond) anniversary

of her reign on the British throne .

Elizabeth II, when she was young

Born 1 July 1961;

Died 31 August 1997 (aged 36).

She is well known for her fund-raising work for international charities, and an eminent celebrity of the late 20th century. Her wedding to Charles, heir to the British throne and those of the then 18 Commonwealth realms, was held at St Paul's Cathedral and seen by a global television audience of over 750 million. Diana was born into an aristocratic English family with royal ancestry and became a public figure with the announcement of her engagement to Prince Charles. Diana also received recognition for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. From 1989, she was the president of the Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, in addition to dozens of other charities. She remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage, which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996. Media attention and public mourning were considerable after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997. On 31 August 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales died as a result of injuries sustained in a car accident in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in Paris, France. A lot of people believe that it wasn`t an accident, so many strange theories exist today that it had been a calculated murder.

2) Princess Diana (Lady «D»),Princess of Wales, first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales.

Politicians Born: 30 November 1874 Died: 24 January 1965 He was a British Conservative politician and

statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the past century, he served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.

Out of office and politically "in the wilderness" during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmament. On the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. His steadfast refusal to consider defeat, surrender, or a compromise peace helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult early days of the War when Britain stood alone in its active opposition to Adolf Hitler. Churchill was particularly noted for his speeches and radio broadcasts, which helped inspire the British people. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured.

1) Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Born: 13 October 1925 She is a British politician, the longest-serving (1979–

1990) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the "Iron Lady", which became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented Conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism. Originally a research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Finchley in 1959. In 1975 Thatcher defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election and became Leader of the Opposition, as well as the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became Prime Minister after winning the 1979 general election. Thatcher introduced a series of political and economic initiatives to reverse what she perceived to be Britain's precipitous national decline. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and high unemployment, until economic recovery and the 1982 Falklands War brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her re-election in 1983.

Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987, but her Community Charge (popularly referred to as "poll tax") was widely unpopular and her views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet, so she had to quit the post of prime minister in 1990.

2) Margaret Thatcher, British politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Musicians Years active: 1960–70 It was formed in Liverpool in 1960 who

became the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed act in the history of popular music.Their best-known lineup consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, they later utilised several genres, ranging from pop ballads to psychedelic rock, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. In the early 1960s, their enormous popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania", but as their songwriting grew in sophistication, they came to be perceived by many fans and cultural observers as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the era's sociocultural revolutions. The Beatles influence on rock music and popular culture was, and remains, immense. Their commercial success commenced an immediate wave of changes—including a shift from US global dominance of rock and roll to UK acts, from soloists to groups, from professional songwriters to self-penned songs, and to changes in fashion and lifestyle.

1) The Beatles, one of the most legendary rock British bands in the world.

Actors Born: 16 April 1889Died: 25 December 1977 (aged 88) He is famous for his work in the United States

during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919. Chaplin was one of the first international film stars and one of the most famous men of the twentieth century, whose most recognised character, the Tramp, is considered to be cinema's "most universal icon“. Chaplin received several awards and recognitions during his lifetime, especially during his later career in the 1960s and the 1970s. In 1975, he was knighted a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.

Charley Chaplin, English comic actor, film director and composer.

Scientists and Inventors Born: 8 June 1955 (age 57)

He is the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989, and on 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet.

Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium, which oversees the Web's continued development. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation, and is a senior researcher and holder of the Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He is a director of the Web Science Research Initiative,and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence.

In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work. In April 2009, he was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He was honoured as the "Inventor of the World Wide Web" during the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, in which he appeared in person, working at a NeXT Computer at the London Olympic Stadium.

1) Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, British computer scientist.

Born: 6 August 1881Died: 11 March 1955 (aged 73) He wrote many articles on bacteriology,

immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. It was a discovery that had changed the course of history. The active ingredient in that mould, which Fleming named penicillin, turned out to be an infection-fighting agent of enormous potency. When it was finally recognized for what it was, the most efficacious life-saving drug in the world, penicillin altered forever the treatment of bacterial infections. By the middle of the century, Fleming's discovery had spawned a huge pharmaceutical industry, churning out synthetic penicillins that have conquered some of mankind's most ancient scourges, including syphilis, gangrene and tuberculosis.

2) Sir Alexander Fleming, Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist.