farahnaz individual task chapter 4-final
TRANSCRIPT
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A SYSTEM FORMED BY INTERACTION OF A COMMUNITY OF ORGANIZATIONS AND
THEIR ENVIRONMENT
BUSINESSES, GOVERNMENTS, AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS JOIN TOGETHER ACROSS SECTORS AND
INDUSTRIES TO TACKLE HUG, COMPELING PROBLEMS OF MUTUAL
INTEREST, ETC
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VERTICAL AUTHORITY AND ACCOUNTABLE FOR BUSINESS
RESULT PRIMARILY THROUGH DIRECT
CONTROL OVER PEOPLE AND RESOURCES
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DONT HAVE DIRECT AUTHORITY OVER HORIZONTAL COLLEAGUES
HIGHLY FLEXIBLE AND PROACTIVE
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FRAMEWORK INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIP
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ORGANIZATIONS TRY TO MINIMIZE THEIR DEPENDENCE ON OTHER
ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE SUPPLY OF IMPORTANT RESOURCES AND TRY TO INFLUENCE THE ENVIRONMENT TO
MAKE RESOURCES AVAILABLE
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SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: MANAGING THE SEQUENCE OF SUPPLIERS AND PURCHASERS,
COVERING ALL STAGES OF PROCESSING FROM OBTAINING RAW MATERIALS TO DISTRIBUTING FINISHED GOODS TO
CUSTOMERS
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INDEPENDENT COMPANIES HAVE POWER OVER SMALL SUPPLIER
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ALTERNATIVE RESOURCE-DEPENDENCE THEORY.
COMPANIES JOIN TOGETHER TO BECOME MORE COMPETITIVE AND TO
SHARE SCARCE RESOURCES
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Traditional Orientation: Adversarial
New Orientation: Partnership
Suspicion, competition, arm’s length
Trust, addition of value to both sides, high commitment
Detailed performance measures, closely monitored
Loose performance measures; problems discussed
Price, efficiency, own profits Equity, fair dealing, both profit
Limited information and feedback Electronic linkages to share key information, problem feedback and discussion
Legal resolution of conflict Mechanism for close coordination; people on site
Minimal involvement and up-front investment, separate resources
Involvement in partner’s product design and production, shared resources
Short-term contracts Long-term contracts
Contract Limiting the relationship Business Assistance beyond the contract
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- ORGANIZATIONAL DIVERSITY-ADAPTATION WITHIN POPOLATION OF
ORGANIZATION-COMPETE SIMILAR RESOURCE OR
SIMILAR CUSTOMERS
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ORGANIZATIONAL FORM: ORGANIZATION’S SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY, STRUCTURE, PRODUCTS, GOALS AND PERSONNEL
WHICH CAN BE SELECTED OR REJECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENT
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VARIATION: THE APPEARANCE OF NEW, DIVERSE FORMS IN APOPULATION OF
ORGANIZATIONSSELECTION: A NEW ORGANIZATIONAL
FORM IS SUITED TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND CAN SURVIVE
RETENTION: PRESERVATION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SELECTED
ORGANIZATION
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STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
ORGANIZATIONS AND POPULATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS ARE ENGAGED IN A COMPETITIVE STRUGGLE OVER RESOURCES TO
SURVIVE
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ORGANIZATIONS SURVIVE AND SUCEED THROUGH CONGRUENCE BETWEEN AN
ORGANIZATIONS AND THE EXPECTATION FROM ITS ENVIRONMENT
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THE INSTITUTIONAL VIEW ALSO SEES ORGANIZATIONS HAVING TWO ESSENTIAL
DIMENSIONS-TECHNICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
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Mimetic Coercive Normative
Reason to become similar:
Uncertainty Dependence Duty, Obligation
Events: Innovation visibility
Political law, rules, sanctions
Professionalism-certificate, accreditation
Social basis: Culturally supported
Legal Moral
Example: Reeingeneering, benchmarking
Pollution controls, school regulation
Accounting standards, consultant training
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