FARD AL AYN & FARD AL KIFAYAH

Islamic education is an important need derived from Islam as the way of life .

The main source of Islam is The Holy Qu’ran, comprises every doctrines of Islamic thoughts.

Allah has created man to be a vicegerent in this world and also revealed Qu’ran as the Book of Guidance to assist every human being in this world to the right path.

Allah also has created mankind with twofold nature which is the body and soul. These are the essential ingredients for our well being.

Based on the nature on this mankind, knowledge can be divided into two parts, namely; fard al ayn and fard al kifayah.

The purpose of this knowledge is to strengthen the individual’s Faith.

Fard Is an Islamic term which represent a religious duty

commanded by Allah S.W.T Also synonym with the word wajib (obligatory).

FARD AL AYN (PERSONAL OBLIGATORY)

Is an act that is obligatory for Muslims individually, each will be rewarded for performing it or punished for failing to perform it.

Is what has been directly revealed to us by Allah, includes the knowledge of pillars and beliefs of Islam and the Sacred Law (shariah).

It is thus insufficient for someone to perform such an act on another's behalf.

This basic knowledge is for the nourishment of our body and soul.

Fard al-ayn is accounted for two things:

FIRST Knowing the duties of religion and faith set by the

Islamic principles. It purports believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books,

His Messengers, The Last Day, and the provision of good and evil, Qada and Qadar, the pillars and obligatory prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage.

This is stated in the Ibn ‘Umar hadith: “Islam is built on five things: Witness that no god

but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishment of 5 daily prayers, charity, fasting during the month of Ramadhan and performing the Hajj for those capable of performing”

SECOND Knowing haram things and associating Allah with

others (syirik), disobey parents, cheating, riba’, plundering, murder, adultery, stealing, drinking alcohol, not covering the aurah, etc.

FARD AL KIFAYAH (COMMUNALLY OBLIGATORY)

Is an act that is obligatory for the Muslims community collectively, if it is adequately carried out by some members of the muslims community, then the obligations has been fulfilled, the sin and responsibility of non-performance is lifted from the rest; but if no one undertakes it, then all are guilty of serious sin for neglecting the obligation.

Also the knowledge that Muslims should acquire for their survival in this world.

Fard al- Kifayah serve as the purpose for the establishment of Islam such as studying the Quran, sciences of Hadith, perfected body and amar ma'ruf nahi mungkar. Furthermore, it also includes sciences and technology.

In the fulfillment of fard kifayah :- Someone who is able through himself or his property

to perform the fard kifayah is obliged to do so.- Someone who is unable to do himself is urge to have

the person or find the one who is able to perform it.

- BUT, - When an individual is the only one available that can

perform the communal act, it becomes the personal obligatory for him.

Examples Praying over the dead Building hospitals Lifesaving Fire fighting Medicine Industries people The existence of Islamic courts and judges

Allah requires that these obligatory acts exist in the Islamic society despite of who does the act. But Allah does not require that it must be done by each person, or some particular one, since the interests of the society are realized by the existence of communal acts through the efforts of some of those who is ethically in charge, and do not entail every particular person to perform it.

Its obligatory according to

Qur’an & Sunnah

Da`wah means conveying the message of Islam to Muslims and non-Muslims alike. It is to help all people be always on the right track and guide those who have gone astray to return to the path of Allah the Almighty. He, Most High, instructed His Prophet (r) [to disseminate the message of Islam as follows]:

“O Messenger, convey what was revealed from your Lord.”

(al-Maa’idah, 5: 67) “Let there arise out of you a group of people inviting to all that is good (Islâm), enjoining Al-Ma'rûf (i.e. Islâmic Monotheism and all that Islâm orders one to do) and forbidding Al-Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islâm has forbidden). And it is they who are the successful.” (Aal- ‘Imraan 3:104)

The Prophet Muhammad s.a.w said:

“convey from me even if it is one ayah.” (reported by Bukhari); and he said: “May Allah illuminate the face of a servant who

heard my saying, understood it, then delivered it as he heard it. Perhaps the one who conveys the knowledge (Fiqh) is not a

scholar, and perhaps the one to whom he conveys it understands it better than him.” (reported by Abu Dawud, Tirmizi, Ahmad)

 And the believers, men and women, are friends one of another. They enjoin good and forbid evil and observe Prayer (at-Taubah 9:71)

On the authority of Abu Sa’id al-Khudri, radiyallahu ‘anhu, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam, say:

“When any one of you sees anything that is disapproved (of by Allah), let him change it with his hand. If he is not able to do so, then let him change it with his tongue. And if he is not able to do so, then let him change it with his heart, though that is the

weakest (kind of) faith.”

The best words that any human being can speak are words of guidance inviting people to the purpose of their creation; the worship of God. This being the case, the reward for giving da‘wah must be tremendous. Thus, it is no surprise to find that the Prophet (r) addressed the great reward for this righteous pursuit saying,

“Whoever directs someone to do good will gain the same reward as the one who does good.”

He was also reported to have said,

“Whoever calls to guidance will receive the same reward as the one who follows him without any decrease in the reward

of [his follower].”

There are two levels of Da‘wah to Allaah: The first is Fard ‘ayn (an

individual obligatory duty) and the second is Fard kifaayah (a

collective obligatory duty). It is Fard ‘ayn on you when no one in

[your] country, region or tribe takes up the responsibility of

enjoining good and forbidding evil, if you have knowledge. It

becomes obligatory on you specifically to give da‘wah, to enlighten

people to the rights of Allah, to command what is good and prohibit

evil.

However, if there are present those who give da‘wah teach people

and guide them, then it would be sunnah and not obligatory for

others who also have knowledge of the Sharee‘ah.

Regarding the obligation of da‘wah in this age, Sh. Ibn Baaz also

said:

“At a time when there is a shortage of callers, when evil is prevalent

and

ignorance dominates, da‘wah becomes fard ‘ayn on everyone

according to their ability.”

Proof for the community obligation of da‘wah can be found in the following verse and others similar to it:

“Let there arise among you a group inviting to all that is good, enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil. Those

are the successful ones.” (Aal- ‘Imraan, 3: 104)

Allah states that a group of the believers should shoulder the responsibility of promoting virtue and prohibiting vice in the society. Because religion is not merely a personal affair

As far as the issue of da`wah in the sense of preaching is concerned, it is regarded as fard kifayah (collective obligation) on Muslims. But da`wah in the sense of setting a good example is fard `ayn (individual obligation) on Muslims to safeguard their religion and convey its message to Muslims and non-Muslims as well. With regard to the methods of giving da`wah, they are many: wise and gentle approach, giving speeches and sermons, setting good example for others to follow, etc.”

Quoted by: Sheikh Hamed Al-Ali, instructor of Islamic Heritage at the Faculty of Education, Kuwait and Imam of Dahiat As-Sabahiyya Mosque

Giving da`wah with proper training and specialization is regarded as fard kifayah (collective obligation). That means in every community some people must take the proper da`wah training and should do this work in a systematic and methodical way on behalf of all other members of the community. If some people do this work, then there is no blame on others, but if no one does it, all Muslims of the community are considered sinners.

Quoted by: Dr. Muzammil Siddiqi, former head of the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) and member of the Fiqh Council of North America, says:

In the Qur’an, Allah says,

“Ask the people of knowledge , the people of adh-Dhikir if you do not know.” (al-Anbiya 21:7)

Furthermore, whenever the Prophet (r) addressed people, he used to say:

“Let those present convey what they heard to those absent.

For, perhaps he may inform one better able to understand

it than him. ” Allah’s Curse : In order to stress the gravity of da‘wah as a

duty on Muslims, Allah warned those who did not fulfill their responsibility in this regard of His curse and the curse of all His creatures:

“Indeed those who hide the clear messages and guidance that I have revealed after I have made it clear to people in the scripture; those are cursed by Allah and cursed by all

who curse.” (al-Baqarah, 2: 159)

The Prophet (r) further stressed the gravity of the sin of hiding knowledge saying:

“Whoever hides knowledge by which Allah benefits people in their affairs of religion, Allah will bridle him on the Day of Resurrection with a bridle from the Hellfire.”

However, whatever subject the da‘wah may begin on, whether hijaab, terrorism, polygamy, etc., a conscious effort should be made to divert the topic ultimately to that of Tawheed.

Ways of Preaching

THREE TYPE OF PEOPLE: People who easy to accept the truth and

follow it -usually they comes from educational background

People who accept the truth but not practiced it

-they has to be reminded always until they able to practice it

People who do not want to accept the truth-they should been preach with wisdom and argue with

them in gracious ways

STEPS TO PREACHING:1. Get to know each other feelings -easy to approach and talk about

personal problem2. Understanding their attitude, thinking

and behavior-assist the process of preaching-involved in same interest

3. Aware about questions related to religious matters

-eg: purpose of life, existence of God..-provide answers with evidence and

argument4. Ask their opinion about Islam-gather information and find answers-must confident and not be hesitate

5. Clear the misconceptions before preach about Islam

-issues: terrorist, pedophile...6. Introduce people that has embrace

Islam and their views about Islam-eg: Lim Jooi Soon, Shah Kirit

7. Ask them to join Islam-tells them about rewards and benefit

when embrace Islam-always give them motivation8. Prays to Allah-always ask Allah to give hidayah to

them to embrace Islam

HOW TO PREACHING: At home:-mini library-family lesson-righteous acts in public-participate in Islamic social work

At mosque:-lectures-provide books-participate in the wall magazine-participate in mosque’s activities and programs

At university:-lectures-Islamic socialization-congregational prayer-exhibitions and expositions

At workplaces:-your desk-da’wah poster-provide books