farewell sermon of the prophet (saw)

7/23/2019 Farewell sermon of the Prophet (SAW)

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2/58

=

a`vibx `hg_ ay`vd-Agwbdvq `Yg jvlW

Q. Mv k a Lvwod `vfi

Ifovax ibYvFgW fsFZigvKYvi, TFva


3/58

9

...................................................a`vibx `hg_ ay`vd-Ag

wbdvq `Yg jvlWQ. Mv k a Lvwod `vfi

krehmlgk47Dafmgl.ncf

...................................................nEveE?avGoviv ay`vd aNiyxi

Ifovax ib YvFgW fsFZigvKYvi, TFva

...................................................nvwvi?

`vwbwbqv byE wQnvbvq_zo ayEvgga, XvEv

Mvo avivg ovIbgxev`x Yva afwYd Ean

MvdgwEov`, TFva...................................................

nEveEvo?YyovI 94=>

...................................................Knv fsEoi G Mfv?ay.fwFg Mvàd Tmygx

...................................................n]d?

ay`vd Ewgayo Ifova...................................................

a~o ? 24 RvEv av...................................................Jmrbwbll ^brfc` Cj [hb Trcrhbt Fuhmffmk (^MQ)? Qrgttb` g`

Ibàmlg iy Kr. MJF Ehmlgk Hcssmg` m`k puilgshbk iy Gslmfg @cic

Omacrc` ^càctc`, Ymuzm`, Nhgttmacà, Imàlmkbsh, Ouly 94=>, Trgnb

[e. 24


4/58

>

nEveEg ESvwbeibx `hg_ ay`vd nd Hw_`vwfE wbdvq `Yg jvlW

avibvwmEvgg fvbYixi dwoo| AwR _uvg 9> b]gg iybyGqv_x Yxbigwihvf boo M_zw `b iv| dc `vYvg b]g MvF nd A jvlWgbavwE _vrnhG g_ MvmywiE hyFG favijvb wbdavi G nhvY|A MvbdiwR wbbTivq gL 9447 fvog 99 a Ifovax ib YvFgWfsFZi-Ag bbvnivq gvKYvi-gvywiqv wiYva Kxi nvbwoE `oa`vibx `hg_ ay`vd -Ag wbdvq `Yg jvlW Abs b_avi nvnRexlE AE fwaivg Miyw_ `q| A_ ayL MvovTE w`fbKnw_w]oi TFva GagFwW Aa.I.Af.EoYg MmvnE Q. Mv k a Lvwod`vfi| wbnyo fsLE aviylg Tvw`dv G wblqbg g_ wbbTiv EgIfovax ibYvFgW fsFZi-Ag KdvF nywEv MvEvg AwR nEveg

KdvF iqv `q]| nvZEdg `v_ nywEvwR _zo wd_ ng MvagvMviwd_|

avGoviv ay`vd aNiyxi


5/58

;

KrfF ...

Mvavg A zd nqvfwR KrfF Egvg fjvFMYi Egw] Mvavg evjvYi Kvd G aygwb

TFva dvgo avMvwgk Mvo Ifovwaqvg nmvinwgTvoE evqL Mvovav fyo_vi hGE

idjx (dv. bv.)G

XvEv fwd d~_vbvfg fvsw_E wbjvFgEaE_v Mvavg AEv MvniYi avGovivAadvdyo È Lvi (dv. bv.)-Ag nw_hvdgHEvwE_v, OdvhG fv`Thg W 94=9fvo

Mvwa fwd Mvgbg a`vavi bvdev` MvbdyovÌb&i Mvbdyo MvwhhgdvGqv_ gvYExq aàviw`fb nwb `Yb_ nvoig fyhvF ovj Ewg|Mvov`

_vqvov _uvdg Ka nw_dvi j~wl_Egi|

Q. Mv k a Lvwod `vfi


6/58

2

f~wTna`vibxg-Ag jvlW bwe :gvf~oyov`-Ag jvlWgxw_ 7wbdvq jvlWg fvbYixi_v ==nvnR =9

Yv`ox hyFg Ezfsvg gw`_ =2fydnSvg K]d =:bW-Fvxq blag Mbfvi =7v__g bi 9=dvfnSv K]d 92ivgx MwmEvg nw_v 98aviwbE ixw_avov >=`Yg gxw_-ixw_ eLvg _vwFd >>TvgwR wblq g_n~W >2Ibvd_g nw_ Fyg_vgvn >:L_a iybyGq_ >:magbvnvg f_E_v ;4

dvvog Mvwbjvb ;=EzgMvi G fyiv`? aywg nS ;9wiERv_xqg fvS fdvTgW ;>wbel nvSiv ;;av @vlWv ;:dvwq_nvoig fv ;8el ESv ;7Fnw 2=


7/58

:

a`vibxg-Ag jvlW bweMvwjmvwiE MSGqvh, b_v, MvovTiv G jvlWE Mvgbxjvlvq

Ly_bv bov `q| nvwgjvwlE MS YiFWg fyL dvwq_exo bwbF

E_E maxq G iw_E wdEwideiva~oE h bb ndvi Egv `q _vILy_bv bv MwjjvlW| Ly_bv ndviEvgx L_xb (bv) iva nwgwT_|Ly_bv-Ag IsgwY nwgjvlv`]^brfc`, Kgsncursb|=

gvf~oyov` _uvg 9> b]gg iybyGqv_x Yxbi b a~obvi Ly_bvwdq]i| Ifovag nS dvGqv_ `_ g Eg a_yehv nh _vugjvlWg (Ly_bv) nwgwm wb_ w]o| gvf~oyov` -Ag i__ fs@wR_g_n~Why w_wi hvvdg fyL jvlW ndvi Egi| MwmEvse jvlW

afwYd EwdE `oG avZ-aqdvi nd jvlWg fsLvG Ea iq|afwYd h`_zf faq gvYiw_E G nevfwiE Evhag Edwbdyw]o_vI f_EvgW bdweE d~_dg MviyvwiEjvb F`W, Ifova F`WEvgxbwbFG hy FaiEvgx fivivqEdg Abs wiqvFnv Pxq gvd~_dg

fyL afwYd jvlW wd_i wdEwideiva~oE| waPvg G MiyT viduvwcq MSbv KR G @vcvg Gng bf YiFWg Ke jvlW ndviEg_i| nwgww_g nqvYi Miyfvg _uvg MwjjvlW ELiv dx@ bvELiv Pvqx `_| Mvo-v` _vMvov G _uvg gvf~o -Ag Gng NavinvwSb Yxbig fvwbE EovW G nvgowEEYxbig ayw AEESvq bw,nvwgbvwgE, fvavwYE, gvxq G MvYvw_E Yxbig Aai Evi wblqiI,

h fE w_wi wdE wideiva~oE jvlW ndvi Egiwi|hLiI MvS-fvavwYE, gvYiw_E G maxq nqvYi dLv wdq]gvf~oyov` YifyL `vwhg `q jvlW ndvi Egi| YiFWE KeEg gvf~oyo-v` E_E nd jvlWfa~` Mvgb Knxng aviylggvYiw_E, fvavwYE G fvsw_E Yxbi nyiFZi g_n~Wj~waEv nvoiEg| gvf~oyo-v`-Ag jvlWfa~` _uvg iybyGqv_x wev G Mvdeg wihvf

bo Mwjw`_ Egv hvq| AEwR EovWayLx favY G gvnw_vq _uvg ndjvlWg Mvbdi fbYixi Abs ALiv _v nvfwE| Isov E_E

=(E) EzgvKi iva&o, Mvo-ayivvd wko oyFv`, n. =7>5 (L) Mvo-boqvGqx, wafbvo oyFv_, n.9485 (F) Q. Mvox _vGkxE Mvo-`vad G IKfyk Yaxo Mvh-hvbx, Mvo-ayYva Mvo-Gqvkx kxMvdGqvw_i iv`wbo Mvgbx, n. >1=5(@) ^tm`kmrk [wb`tgbth Nb`tury Kgntgc`mry, p. 988


8/58

1

@vwl_ avFiv EvRvg T e_ b]g n~bMvgvkv_ aqdvi gvf~oyo-v` nd Hw_`vwfE wbdvqx jvlW wbeYixi avibvwmEvgg doxo w`fb

PxE_|=

gvf~oyov` -Ag nw_wR jvlW w]o hwE, bywdx Gfavmvia~oE| _uvg bwen~W jvlWd_v ev_vdg T_ivE evwW_Eg| jvlWd_v Mvo-v`g Mi_a dvi, hvg avma aviyl fa_g`q]| A d_vg Kilg avma myMvmywiE hyF iq bgs nvTxiEvoFxf G gvaf` Mivi de bvFxFW Yia_E wiqW Egi Abs _vdg

b`g YiFvxg i__ ovj faS ì| MvbàviEvo mg MvgbYiFWg fsw_, we-fvw`_ G Yxbimvgvq _vdg av_jvlvg njvb-nw_nw Mivi Yvw_Fvxg _zoivq M_wmE| _vdg Yxbi G jvlv hiAEI f~ FwS_| Hw_`vwfE wn. E. w`wg a_,

[hb Mrmigm`s nrbmtbk cr kbvblcpbk `c arbmt mrt cj thbgrcw`. [hbgr mrtgstgn `mturb jcu`k bxprbssgc` thrcuah c`bfbkguf c`ly spbbnh. Iy vgrtub cj gts pbnulgmr strunturbMrmign lb`t gtsblj mkfgrmily tc m tbrsb, trb`nhm`t,bpgarmffmtgn fm``br cj spbbnh.

Mvgbgv _vdg wiYP a`vi Evi we fw Egwi| _vdgewE nEw_bvFaq `q KZ AEwR avma vgv _v ò b_v|Mvgbx jvlv _vg wbwT wbivfg EvgW bvobwY_, aajdx Gfy_xbivn~Wb_vg wiER JWx|9

gvf~oyov` Mvgbg Aai AE Hw_`vwfE vi Mvwbj~_ ìhvg Mwmbvfx nEw_F_jvb fb d_v G Eaew _vdg wiYPjvlvMvgbxg TTv G KrElbq Eg| Mvgbg YiFvxg Gng A jvlvg njvbM_bvnE| Mvgbx jvlv _vg EvwbE eoxg Ev] JWx Abs I_tn~bMvgbx ]vcv Mi Evi jvlv A_ bvnEjvb Miyexwo_ `qwi| nvE-Ifovax hyF jvlWd bw Mvgb M_fvwi_ G ahvdvfi`_i| MvgbFW nEw_F_jvb bvEnRz, fgojvlx Abs wbqEgw_ewg MwmEvgx| jvlW d_v w]o hi _vdg YiF_ bwe|MvovavMvag Ibi bv`vg Mvo-Yvw`hhSvSI boi,

= Kr. M. J. F Ehmlgk Hcssmg`, [hb brfc`s cj thb Trcphbt Fuhmffmk (^MQ)? M^cngc-Nul turml tuky, thb kcntcrml kgssbrtmtgc` suifgttbk tc R`gvbrsgty cj Nhgttmacàg` 9442, p.gv =

9Thglgp E. Hgttg, H gstcry cj thb Mrmis, pp. 74-7=


9/58

8

gvf~oyov` Aai AE Yvw_g Ev] nwg_ `i hvdg fyivagwbwe_v `o bvEnRz_v G bvwF_v|=

Mvovav Yvw`hMvgG boi,

.

.

witfd` MvgbFW bvEnRz_v, Knvniv,evosEvg G bvwF_vg

Yi Fgbbvmg MwmEvgx w]oi| dbvr favY hwd EvibwAov `_ bw_ `_i w_wi fvwi_ G ahvdvbvi `_i iv|9A ESv nwWmvihvF h Mvo-v` nwg_ fEo gvf~o G ibx b_vg

a_v n_qKrnvdE we-Eeog fv`vh ii| _uvgv Tq]i, hfbixw_ G Mvdebvm _uvgv nTvgEgi _v aviylE wbevf Egv_ G f a__vdg Miyexoi Egv_| A _uvgv bo nqvF Egiwi| _b AESv

f_ h, fb g_n~WG fkoEva gvf~oFW TarEvg bvwF_vg Hex Wfa w]oi| n_qKrnvdE G MvwgE bvEnRz_vI w]o _uvdg AEav`vw_qvg hv _uvgv bb`vg Eg_i| Mvgbg MwmbvfxFW wiYdgEMvgb () MSvr M_ bvEnRz G bywavi Abs Midg MvYva

( ) MSvr bvbv, bvEnRz G bywavig wbngx_ w`fb Mwjw`_

Eg_i| Mvgbdg am Eygvqe G `vGqvwhi Fvq A bvnvg P_bweg dvwbdvg| gvf~oyo-v` Ezgvqe Fv YiF`W Egi AbseebEvo Mw_bvw`_ Egi `vGqvwhi Fv| Mvo-v`g nw_ E__vnEve Eg w_wi boi,

.

Mvwa Mvgbdg am e bvFx5 MwmE Ezgvqe Fv MvavgYi Abs biyfvdg jvlvI Mvavg jvlv|>

=Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, L. 9, n. 9:>9Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, L. >, n. 9:9

>Evhx Mvqvh, Mve-wekv wb-_vgxwk EwEo ay vkv, L. =, n. 84


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7

Ko-L h, biy`vGqvwhi Fvg AEwR evLv `o biyfvd hvgvfydg bvTijw G jvlW-d_vg Yi wbLv_| A ]vcv gvf~oyov` -AgnEw_F_ mxew _uvg nwgbvg G favYg EvgW MvgG MwmE_g wbEwe_

`q] Abs Mvo-v` _uvE A a`r W fa Egi| `vdxf egxk Af],

?

P ?

.

`hg_ Mvby gvqgv SE bwW_, gvf~oyov` IgevdEgi, Mvwa fsw wE bvnEvSE bvEewf` nwg_`qw]|=

YvGqvKo

Evwoa ndg wbe-lW Mvo-vav Mvag Ibibv`vg Mvo-Yvw`hboi,

.

e `b Ea wE MSbvnE G nvTzhn~W|9

gvf~oyov`-Ag jvlWgxw_

gvf~oyov` -Ag jvlWgxw_ w]o f`Y YwRo evosEvg bwY_G EEw_ Knavwb`xi| gvf~oyov`-Ag jvlW dx@j~waEv SvE_ iv|bvEwo fsw MST S`xi| w_wi Hw_`vwfE @Riv Abs IwdqFv`bwiTq bv wblqg nw_ ev_vdg aivhvF Aaijvb MvElW Eg_i,hv_ Afb _vdg ai wTgfYxb SvE| EvgW fbvrE bvEgxw_ _vI hvfsw G hywn~W(

)|>

a~o wblqg nw_ ev_vdg E_z`o KdE _uvg nw_ w]on_| gvf~oyov` -Ag jvlv w]o fgo, fvboxo, S`xi G Ewa_v

wbbwY_ hv e jvlWg Mvgbxq iayiv| jvlWg nvg gvf~oyo-v` ev_vdg Mwjbvdi Yviv_i Abs Mvo-v`g nesfvbvE KTvgW Eg

b_v g Eg_i, Mvg el Eg_i ev_vdg Yi Mvo-v`g Ev] avnvSiv G EovW Evaiv Eg|;

=(E) Mvo-byLvgx, Mvf-f`x`, L. 7, n. 7=, `vdxf? 191>, (L) ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. =, n.>1=,`vdxf? : (29>)

9Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, L. >, n. 9:;>Rimgkul Meimr, [hb Crmtgc`s cj F chmffmk, pp. =-=8

;Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, L. >, n. 9:;


11/58

=4

Ifovag Iw_`vf gvf~oyo-v` bv w`fb Mnw_x| _uvgKnvniv MvElWxq G Yvgvov5 bvE] Fjxg Miyj~w_nbW GMvbFaq| e Tqi G bvE wiavW _uvg Miyna Eaixq_vg ]uvqvT

Abs nEve jwg mgi Ko-LhvF| _uvg wTv G jvlv dyRv-IowEE_vbwY_| Miyj~w_g f__v G nEveg fvgo _uvg jvlW nvWbG _Yvaq|

Mvov`g gvf~o ELiv _vcvcv G Aovaovjvb jvlWwd_i iv, mvgvbvwÈ_v bYvq gL P wbgw_-fÈvg bb neEg_i, hv_ ev_vdg dqa Eg_ fywbm `q| wTrEvg G fyg wdq

b_v iv EgoG Iw_`vfwbd ay`vd Ibi fvd -Ag a_, w_wiEPgE nowP_ Eg_i| wbfwaovw`g gvàvwig gv`xa Mvbw Egvgfaq w_wi wbfwao-vÈ dx@vwq_ Mvg-gvàvi-E dx@vwq_ G Mvg-gv`xaE dx@vwq_ Eg_i| jvlW dGqvg faq gvf~oyov` -Ag TzqELivgwa bW mvgW Eg_ Abs EPg KT `_ avPq, wZE hifEvo bv fvq MvaW Kd_ Aai efidg wbg f_E Eg

wd]iev_vdgE|

=

ELivELivw_wi ovwZg Gng `v_ gL jvlW wd_i| dytL GEvwEg wdi _uvg ayLvbqbg Mwjbw MvElWxq `q KZ_ MivcPgbvEnRz_vg dyoj W| f`vdn~WMvTgW, jvovbvfv G evg MvbFw_wi hyFnrjvb wew_ G Mwew_ ev_vdg aay fng ivqfvw`_ Eg gvL_i| _uvg bywbwE Wvbwo wbel_ n_zrniaw__,

evwW_ T_iv, nLg w_, nvWb Eivew G Kvbix nw_jvfd`v_x_jvb bw_amax| _uvg aiiexo_v w]o wb_-ne,bvmew fgo G fvavwYE5 gvq P], d_ G wiwa~oE|9

Ly_bvq G MwjjvlW fvmvgW_ w_wi f`Y fgo bvE bb`vgEg_i| hwd w_wi ELivEvi wblqg Gng g_vgvn Eg_ TvI_i_Li ne bv Kg Abs nqvYi dyRv-I w_ibvg nyigvbw Eg_i|

wbdvq `Yg Hw_`vwfE jvlW A wiqag nEve @R]| gvf~oyo-v`

=Ibi fvd, Mv_-_vbvEv_zo Ezbgv, L. =, n.>9>>9;, `vdxf? 88>9(E)Ibi fvd, Mv_-_vbvEv_zo Ezbgv, L. =, n.>9;, `vdxf? 88:5 (I)Och` Kmvb`pcrt,M`Mpclcay jcr thb Fuhmffmk m`k thb ]ur' m`, pp. 29-2>5 (N) Qmshgàtc` Grvgà,

Fchmffmk m`k hgs unnbsscr, pp. =79-=7>5 (K) Bkwmrk Agiic`, [hb H gstcry cj thb

Kbnlg`b m`k Jmll cj thb Ycfm` Bfpgrb, vcl. v, p. >>2


12/58

==

_uvg 9> b]gg iybyGqv_x Yxbi bvg Abs Ndg jvlW ]vcv MfsLjvlW di| _uvg nw_wR jvlv TarEvg jvlv d_vg iwhgwb`xi dwoo|AEav A jvlW d_vI Mvgbg avwR `_ g nw_evm nSv wboy Eg

dq5 a~ovrnvRi Eg dq MvKf-LvYgvh Fvqg hyFvgg Mv-Fvxq wbbvd| bbg G nwoE favYE w_wi fyfj G _vG`xdbvdxfavY gnvwg_ Eg_ fa ì| gvf~oyo-v` -Ag jvlW a_vIe_mv wbj Mvgb Knxng bvwfdvdgE Ifovag wòvox wievig]vqv_o Yavq_ Eg Yi dq AE ewevox ayfwoa Yvw_g5hvg vgvAE e_vxg am Ifovax Eza_g fxav MvRovwRE G kv `_ jvg_

G Txig fxav nh wb_ `q hvq| MmvnE w`w hSvSI boi,Ifovag Yq a~o_ AEwR jvlvg Yq| bo_ Fo jvlW d_vgIYq|=

wbdvq jvlWg fvbYixi_vngWv KxnE wbdvq `Yg jvlWg bvnE_v G fbYixi_v

wbeljvb oWxq| w_wi FvRv avibYvw_E Ke Eg bb ndvi

Egi| ` ayfoavi! bv ` aywaiFW! Ajvb fPvmi Egiwi bgsboi ` YiFW! (C pbcplb!)| A bvEwR w_wi 1bvg KTvgW Egi|ko ma-bW, Fv, Yvw_ wiwbel jvlWg Mvbdi G nvfwE_vfbYixi_v ovj Eg| a`vibxmxg fybb ne Egi hv_ EgYiFW f`Y aavSdqa Eg_ nvg| gvwbMv Ibi KavIqv IbiLvovk, hvg EPg w]o dgvY G KT, w_wi Abs _uvg fvS MvgG wE]z

fv`vbx a`vibx -Ag wbdvq jvlWg nw_wR bvE foig elnvnh nyigvbw Eg YiFWE evivi| wbdvq jvlWg MvgEwR Ko

wdE òv ESvg fvS EvYg wao, wSKwgg fvS nvwfg fwoi| fydg_ G Mvdeg ESv bov f`Y wE bvb Yxbi _vg navW dGqvEwZi| a`vibx fydnSv wiwl @vlWv wdq v ìwi fvS fvSw_wi boi, Mvbvf Ibi Mvbdyo ayvwobg h fydg RvEv bvYvg Mv],

ALi SE Mvavg Mseg fyd gw`_ Egv ò| Eboa~omi kg_hvF|Miygnjvb Yvwòx hyFg gg nw_evm wiwl Eg w_wi @vlW di,

= Kr. M. J. F. Ehmlgk Hcssmg`, [hb brfc`s cj thb Trcphbt Fuhmffmk (^MQ)? M^cngc-Nul turml tuky, thb kcntcrml kgssbrtmtgc` suifgttbk tc R`gvbrsgty cj Nhgttmacàg` 9442, p. 98


13/58

=9

Mvqvf Ibi gwbMv Ibi `vwgfg gg nw_evm hv Mvavg nvn, _vbvw_o Eg wdova|

nvnRw`Ygx dea fig 9: hyoEvdv avf (:>9 wLvg 9>

kbqvwg) ibI `vYvg MSbv AE ovL T `vYvg fv`vbvdg wiqwbeibx `hg_ ay`vd `Yb_ nvoig Ke adxiv `_ avgKe hvv Egi| :>9 wLvg 7 avT (7 hyo`Y) w_wi EvfGqvivaE Kx_ fGqvg `q Mvgvkv_ Kn_Evq nu]i| f`mwaWxFW Absibx dyovox kvw_avA _xShvvq _uvg fkgfwix w]oi| AwRI _uvg

Yxbig nSa G el `Y| A`YwR AEvwmE iva nwgwT_| hai

,((nTvg Mwjhvig `Y

(Ifovag `Y) Abs

(wbdvq `Y) I_vwd| gvf~oyov` Mvgvkv_ nb_g Kgiv` Kn_Ev,waiv, ayhdvwokv G EvbvF` Mbvig faq Yifa be EqEwRg_n~WjvlW ndvi Egi|=

gvf~oyov`_uvg Hw_`vwfE jvlWg f~Tiv Egboi,

=

.

fanesfv Mvov`g| Mvwa _uvg nesfv Egw] Abs _uvgI fv`vhnvSiv Egw] Abs Mvo-v`g Mveq nvSiv Egw] Mvavdg wgnyg Abs

ad Mvaog Mwi `_| hvE Mvo-v` w`dvqv_ dvi Egi _vEEK Fvagv` Eg_ nvg iv| Mvg hvE Mvo-v` agv` Egi

_vE EK w`dvqv_ Eg_ nvg iv Abs Mvwa fv wdw] h,iI Evi Knvf Mvo-v` b_x_, w_wi AEE, _vg Evi egxE bv

=(E)Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =925 (L) Mvh-hygEvix, ego avGqvw`byooydywiqv wbo aviw`o ay`vvwdqv, L. ;, n. =;==;9


14/58

=>

Msexdvg iI| Mvwa MvgG fv wdw] h, ay`vvd Mvov`gbvdv G gvf~o| ` Mvo-v`g bvdvFW! Mvo-vÈ jq Egvg YiMvwa _vavdg Knde wdw] Abs _uvg MviyF_g Yi nWvwd_

Egw]| A EovWEg ESv wdqMvavg bb g Egova|=

9-

!

(

?

).

M_tng `YiFW! _vagv Ex Mvavg ESv ib, Mvwa _vavdgbow], A b]gg ng _vavdg fvS Mvavg A Mbvio

(Mvgvkv`)Mvg ELiv dLv `q wEiv Yvwi iv|9>-

.

Mvo-v` fI bwg nw_ dqv Egi, h Mvavg bb i gWgL] Abs Aai bwg wiER _v nuw]q] h (_vn_jvb) iwi| MiE faq vi-wbvi (wkE&`) bìEvgx

bw ffb wblq nvga `q iv, MngwdE hvg wiER ffbnu]viv `q f _zoiva~oEjvb vi-wbvi (wkE&`) MwmE_g

dqa Eg_ nvg|>

;-

!

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

=Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, L. 9, n. 999(E) Ibi wèva, Mvf-fxgv_zi ivbvGqxqv, L. 9, n. >4:5 (L) Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqvi Gqv_

_vbqxi, L. 9, n. 995 (F)Ibi Ygxg Mv_-_vbvgx, _vgxLyg gfyo Gqvo ayo~E, L. >, n. =245(@)Ibi Lvodyi, Mv_-_vgxL, L. 9, n. ;17

> (E) Mv_-_vbvgvix, Mvo-ayYvayo Ebxg, L. 9, n. ;=, `vdxf? =99; G L. 2, n. =2;, `vdxf?;79;5 (L) Mv_-_vbgxhx, waeEv_zo avfvbx`, L. =, n.18, `vdxf? 998 (>=)


15/58

=;

.

` YiFW! ARv Evi wdi3 ovEgv boo, nwb wdi|gvf~oyov` wYvfv Egoi, ARv Evi e`g3 ovEgv boo,

nwb e`g| gvf~oyov` wYvfv Egoi, ARv Evi avf3ovEgv boo, nwb avf| wiq _vavdg nvW, _vavdgfd G _vavdg fvi _vavdg Yi ahvdvfi _vavdgA wdig ahvdvg ivq5 _vavdg A avfg ahvdvg ivq Abs_vavdg A iFgxg ahvdvg ivq| w_wi A bvEwR EqEbvgnyigvbw Egi| M_tng aE Kvoi Eg boi, ` Mvo-v`!

Mvwa Ex nuw]qw]3 ` Mvo-v`! Mvwa Ex nuw]qw]3 Knw_gvhi Miynw_dg nuw]qdq|=

A jvlWg avma w_wi _uvg 9> b]gg wgfvo_g a~o wblqbYiFWg wiER _zo mgi| Yvw_fs@gG e_e_ b]g n~b =9=2fvog avFivEvRv, =:98 fvog wnwRei Mb gvIR, =:17 fvog`wbqvf Envf Mv, =:87 fvog wbo Mb gvIRf Abs =7;8 fvog=4 wQfPg Yvw_fs@ E_E @vwl_ fvbYixi avibvwmEvg @vlWv(R`gvbrsml Kbnlmrmtgc` cj Hufm` Ygahts)-Ag Teb]g MvFavib_vg ^vvbv`x a`vibx fbnSa aviylg MvS-fvavwYE, maxq GgvYiw_E MwmEvg @vlWv Egi| nggwbgvmx mafndvqg ama`vibx -Ag A Hw_`vwfE jvlW faFavibaox G ML avib_vgAETcvKgW|

gvf~oyov`wbniavib_vg KrElwbmvig a`vi b_ wiq AaiAE faq dywiqvq Mvwbj~_ `i, hLi Mvgb Knxnf` FvRv nwSbxg

fnxw_, iw_E_v, aviwbE_vbvm G EovWg Tga Mbq @R| w_wiFuvcvwa, Ezfsvg, fvndvwqE_v, winxci, biv, blag eLo jC

avib_vg aywbv_v b`i Egi| aviwbE Mvdeg dxw_ MvovwE_AEwR EovWmax favY nw_v w]o _uvg ibyGq_x Yxbig Mi_a o|e_v-Ev, mix-wimi, njy-j_, Mvaxg-kExgg Yv_vwjavigjdvjd w]q aviylg ahvdv nw_vg dvvni Eg F]i| wbdvq`Yg jvlW w_wi _uvg EvoYqx Mvde G Miyna wevg ao

=Mvo-byLvgx, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9, n. =1:, `vdxf? =1>7


16/58

=2

ixw_avovov YiFWg av^ _zo mg_ nqvfx ì| A a`vavibgMvovwE_ Yxbig nw_wR ESv, EvY, ndn G Miyexoi avib Yvw_gaywg Mvde| Mivq G biv d~g Eg favYg am fva, v__,

fs`w_ G ivq wbTvg nw_vq _uvg MvYxbi fvmiv avib Yvw_g MiyngWvgKrf| _uvg jvlWg EvhEvwg_v Ebo fa e_vxg am fxavb iqbgs b_avif`fbEvog Yi nhvY G nvfwE|

Yvòx hyFg Ezfsvg gw`_

.

fvbmvi! Yvw`woqv_g fb wE]y Mvavg dynvqg _ovq gw`_,Yvwòx hyFg gnW gw`_ wEqva_ nh| nSa gnW hv Mvwa(nwg_vFg) @vlWv Egw], Mvavdg wiYFvxg gnW, Ibi

gvbxMv Ibi `vwgfg gnW, biyfvd Fv f (mvxav_vg)dymnvig_ w]o, hvqov _vE `_v Eg|=

.nwb EvbvF`g gWvbW Abs `vYxdg nvixq Yo fgbgv`

b_x_ Yvwòx hyFg Mi fb widei bvw_o @vlWv Egv ò|I]vE_ `_vEv (MvIi_) nw_evmhvF5 ovwZ bv nvSg vgvMwi]vE_ `_vEvg w_n~gW AE ewR KR wimvwg_| AgTvI_ bwe dvwbEgo Yvòx nSv w`fb nwgFwW_ `b|9

=ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9, n. 887, `vdxf? =;1 (=9=8)9 (E) Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, L. 9, n. 995 (L) Mvàd hEx fvk_, Yva`vgv_z

Ly_vwbo Mvgb kx Mvf~wgo Mvgvwbqv Mvh-hvw`gv, L. =, n. =2:5 (F) Mvo-GqvEdx, wE_vbyoavFvhx, L. >, n. ==49


17/58

=:

fydnSvg K]d

.

fvbmvi! Yvw`woqv_g fyd gw`_5 nSa fyd hv Mvwa gw`_ @vlWvEgw], Mvavdg nvn Mvbvf Ibi Mvbdyo ayvwobg fyd, _vf~WI gw`_| a~omi _vavdg MwmEvg Mbv`_ SvEb|

(h_wdi buT SvEb) _vagv hyoya Egb iv, hyoyag weEvgG`b iv|=a`vibx Aai AE faq A @vlWv di hLi Mvgb def`

FvRv nwSbx Yyc wbdavi w]o fyydnSv| dwgdYiFvxE JWg kuvdko fd bwg Mw_ nygiv nw_ `] fydnSv| fyd aviylg dqE

EwZi Eg dq, aviwbE_vbvmg Mboyw @Rvq, hyoyag vg Kiy Eg

dq| fydwijg MSixw_ mixE Mvgv mix bvivq, dwgdE Eg witP|dwgd_v AE eWxg aviylg Yi M_ ovjYiE bbfv|zd JW G dvwgd wbavTi fvw_E faqg Lyb MvovwT_

nwgjvlv| MjvbF aviylg dwgd_vE EvY ovwFq JWndvig avmaovjYiE bbfv nwgTvoivg iva zdJW (Fgnrc Nrbkgt)| Ag avmadvwgd wbavTi _v `q iv bgs _Wa~o nhvq fydg wbw_ @R,_wg `qi_zi EvbywoGqvov| fw_ QiavEg fvsbvwdE Ra `vIiavi ([cfHbg`bfm``)E_E igGqggvxq Rwowjei nTvwg_ zdJWgkuvd(Nmuaht g` Fgnrc Kbit) ivaE nvavW wTg avma A ESv

`q] h, zdJW dvwgd wbavTi bS| w_wi TFva, wdivYnyg Gfvjvgg wbwji Fva fgYwai @yg dL]i Fgxb ivgx-nygl FvaxWbvsE, bvEf` AEvwmE AiwYG SE JW wiq Evi wbwiqvF Eg_nvgwi| fb fsv iviv novji G waSv PndwLq dwgdYiFWE JW

wi_ Ky Eg SvE| JWg RvEv EvSvq bq `q f Lbg EK gvLiv| MiE JWg RvEvq h_zE, fvig ncv-oLv, mvg-div evm GF`vox Mvfbvbn Eivq LgT Eg ko| ngb_x_ fyd Mvfo

=Mvd-dvwgax, Mvf-fyivi 6 Mvo-ayfid, L. >, n. =:;7, `vdxf? 921:


18/58

=1

JWg RvEv nwgevm Eg_ wFq _vgv fbPv `q hvq| JWF`x_vgYxbi hvvg avi Kiqi @Rwi| Pvaxg MFvTg JW iqvq _vovE GMv_`_vg @Riv @R]| hvgv uvf-aygwF nvoi Eg_v _vgv bc Lvavg

Eg_ ng] Aai iwYgG iI| bgs JW F`x_vg KnEvgg TvI_Tcv nhvq w_ QE wiq Mvf| zdJWg avma wbwji fsvYaYavR bbfv Tvwoq hv] Abs fydg wbw_ @R] _Wa~o nhvq|AEv FvaxW bvsE 92:;wR evLvg avma deg 8= `vYvg >=1wR Fva8> ovL fdfE JWg Yvo MvRE ko]| A Lv_ FvaxW bvsEg

wbwiqvFg nwgavW 8 `vYvg 8e_ EvwR RvEv| FvaxW bvsEgfydgKT `vg bvwiwYE bvsEg TqG bwe|=

Tvoy `Gqvg >2 b]g ngG Aai Evi navW iI, hv_ ai `_nvg zdJW Fgxb aviylE dvwgd SE ayw wd_ nvg| _b ARvnavwW_ f_ XvEQvo wnwRq huvgv A deg Fgxb aviylg dvwgd d~g

Eg_ avZ ia]i, _uvgv e_ e_ EvwR RvEvg avwoE bi]i| zdJWhwd fko `_v _v `o MvYv Ei 1 EvwR aviyl dvwgdfxavg wiTgSgE F]3 FvaxW bvsEg nSa JW F`x_v TFvag `vR`vYvgxKnYovg Yvbgv Fvag fywkqv Lv_zi wbiv wTwErfvq avgv F]i|wTwErfvg RvEv hvFv_ _uvg nwgbvgg fdfgv dyqvg dyqvg wjvEgi|

bvsovdeg `_dwgd aviyl zdJW wiq :1 e_vseI bq EgMiyrnvdiexo Lv_, hv dvwgd wbavTi Evi j~waEvI gvL iv| _vI zdJWg avma dvwgd wbavTi fb iq| fw_ deg d~hvFnbW MvRYovg Lvd wigvnv nwgww_g Gng wbeLvd Eaf~wT (QJT) nwgTvwo_AE Ywgng nw_bdi A w_ f_ kzR KZ]| fw_ deg

dyhvFnbW gsnyg, FvIbvv, bcv, iEviv, fyivaF G wEevgFYovq A Ywgn Tvoviv `q| IKgvnxq IKwiqig (BR) MvwSE

f`vq_vq nwgTvwo_ A Ywgn nw_bdi dvwgd wbavTi dwgdbwdgfd ndvig Gng g_vgvn Egv `q]| nw_bdi bov `q,

`_dwgdbwdg 24 SE 12 e_vseI JWF| Adg am 24 SE:4 e_vse divFmy vixq aywd dvEviovg Ev]| zdJW wiq 97

e_vse `_dwgd wTwErfv bvbd LgT Eg G =1 e_vse diwdi Lvbvg

= avwfE Mv_-_vG`xd,TFva, 94=4, n.>


19/58

=8

Ei| A]vcv zdJWg => e_vse MSbq `q a_g frEvg, wbq Gwbbv` wb]dg a_v nvwgbvwgE Miyvi Abs Ygwg fsER avEvbovq|`_dwgdg JWg Krf fE nw_bdi bov `q, :4 e_vse aviyl

Mv_xq-PYi G bz-bvbg Ev] SE JW iq| dvdig JW iq =4e_vse| A]vcv =; e_vse FvaxW bvsE SE, 1 e_vse bvESE, =9e_vse wbwji AiwYG SE G av = e_vse fvmvgW bvsE SE|

Ai.wY.G.dg MSg hvFvidv_v `] fvavYbvdx ew|nwSbxg fb _vdg iRGqvE fwq| nvv_ fsw_g wbEve, wLmanTvg, Ifovag wbg wblvdFvg, MjgxW gvYixw_ wiqW, i_zi

ayrfyx eWx _wgEg fv

avYbvdx ewg nuywY nv`vgv d

Gqv _vdgo| wbF_ 92 b]g JW bv fv`vhg iva Ade Af] 24`vYvg

EvwR RvEv, _vg 12 jvF MSvr >1.24 EvwR RvEv _vgvI wiq F],bvwE =9.24 `vYvg EvwR RvEv A de AEwR oyi mwiE eWx FZiLg] `q]| AiwYGwblqE bygv_ _vwoEvjz AiwYGg fsLv

bvsovde 9 `vYvg >1wR| Tow_ b]gg Mvbgnh AiwYGwblqEbygv nE Miyavdi Eg] >97wR| MSMbay `q] = `vYvg 8=1EvwR :4 ovL RvEv|

wbwe fvsbvwdE kg`vd aY`vg boi, zdJW dvwgdwbavTiEg iv, bgs fvafavYg jwadvfg a_v A hyFg aviylE FvaxWbvsE AEmgig JWdvf nwgW_ Eg]| dvwgdwbavTig A nSMiyfgW Egvg ko Mvavdg Kiw_g Eviv wdev Mvagv LuyY nvw] iv|nuywY_vwE wbebbvg amI fsLvo@yg mix G fsLvFwgg Fwgb`Gqvg nwqv wiw`_| A Fwgb Egv G Fwgb gvLvg bbv b`vo gLFwgbdg JW wdq G KT`vg fyd wiq Exjvb Fwgwb avTi `b3 AI

MPvjvwbE G wbE_ wTvEI Mvagv fdobo ovoi Eg Mvfw]| MST AMvfo ESv iv bo ALi hvghvg PvSMiyhvqx EK Q. IKi~fE Fvwowdw] Mvg EK _uvE db_vg Mvfi wTgwdi Mwmw_ gvLvg waSv TvEgw]|=

Pvmxi_vg ;= b]gG bvsovde dvwgdg Mwjevn `_ aywnvqwi| AiwYG Evhag fyko EvSvq3 fbel _Sviyhvqx bvsovde

dwgdaviylg fsLv ; EvwR :8 ovL| Ag am 9 EvwR 24 ovL Mw_

= avwfE Mv_-_vG`xd,TFva, 94=4, n.>


20/58

=7

dwgd| dvwgd wbavTig bc bvmv Mvavdg fvaSg fxavb_v Gnvova a_vfxidg iwYgwb`xi dyixw_, Mwiqa G oyRnvR| zdJWgEvhEvwg_v navwW_ iq| a~o_ fyd evlWg `vw_qvg _v zd `vE Mvg

b`r|bW-Fvxq blag Mbfvi

gvf~oyov` e_vxg Aai AE vwEvo A jvlW ndvi EgihLi FvRv dywiqvg wbwji favY bWnSv, bWbla, bseEwoi GMvwjYv_g d aviylE F`nvwo_ Y MSbv wbel bg Tq `xinhvq wiq Mvf| Y wbel G b wbelE nwb vi MTiv Egv

`_v _Li| fvmvgW aviylg _zoivq Afb Y-bg ahvdv w]o MiEbwe| gvf~oyov aviylg aii G aviwfE_vq A ESv wTvwq_ Eg_

fa ì h, fwYF_ fbTq bwe a~obvi, fvig hvF Gjvovbvfvg nv ò aviyl|=

aviyl Mvo-v`g nw_wiwm| dywiqvg fbwE]y aviylg EovWg YiMvo-v` fw Eg]i| aviyl YF_g e fw| Mvo-EzgMvig jvlvq?

wiq Mvwa Mvda fviE ahvdv dvi Egw]5 o G fayd_vdg TovTog bvì Eg wdqw]5 _vdgE Ka wgh&E dviEgw] Abs Mvwa hvdgE fw Egw] _vdg MiEg Gng

_vdgE e_wdqw]|9

gvf~oyov`fvavwYE ivqwbTvg nw_vg o fva G v__g

wjw_ Mvde favY Fc _voi| bse Eoxi G MvwjYv_gFgbg nwgb_ avib_vg wjw_ favY bi fydp Egi| w_wi S`xijvlvq @vlWv di,

!

=fvIqd Mvbyo `vfvi Mvox idbx, ibxq gà_, L. 9, n. 9949Mvo-EzgMvi, f~gv Mvo-Ifgv, =1?14


21/58

94

.

` YiFW! wiq _vavdg njy AE5 _vavdg wn_v (Mvda) AE5 n_EI Mvdag fvi Mvg Mvdag fw avwR`_| fvbmvi! Mivgbg Gng Mvgbg wEsbv Mvgbg GngMivgbg, Evg Gng e_vg wEsbv e_vg GngEvg Evi e_ iI| hvg am Mvov`jxw_ Mv], f-Ie (MSvr Yvw_ bv bWjd e_g navW iq| AEav

Mvov`jxw_I e_g avnEvwZ| h h_ MwmE Mvov`jxg Gng`hFvg f __ MwmE e_G KT ahvdvg MwmEvgx)|=avibYvw_ d`g ivq AE ML fv| d`g M-n_E

hai nSE Eg dLv hvq iv _awijvb favY bfbvfEvgxYiFvxEG nggg _zoivq LvRv Eg dLv hvq iv| Ea, bbfvqAbs ndahvdvq AEYi Mng `_ nSE `_ nvg wE aviyl w`fb

fEog ahvdv favi| aviyl AE Mig jvI| fEo aviyl Mvo-v`gbvdv| AI nwSbx_ fb aviylI h Mvo-v &g dw_ favi, E-e_, mix-wimi fEoI h Mvo-v &g f aviyl, fb aviylI h ngg jvI jvI, maxqG Eaxq MwmEvg h fb aviylgI faviA ESv bwo E @vlWv EgiAbs Pxq EaG MvTgW navW Egi Ifovag ibx `hg_ ay`vd |A EvgW Ifova fEog Yi PxE_ `q] ivq wbTvgg MwmEvg|

MwbTvg G iviv PvSng_vg EwZi wiFc aviyl w]o Mf`vq bdx|gvf~oyov` -I fbnSa @vlWv Egi aviylg ayw-bvWx| fvgv Yxbigfvmivq w_wi nw_w_ Egi Aai AE favY, h favY aviylg amivq wbTvg nw_v nvq, bw G Yvw_-Fv nvq n~WPvmxi_vg MvPvdi|aviyl favYg byE aviyl gn weg KuTzEg duvcvbvg fyhvF ovj Eg|avib Yvw_g nw_ Ifovag bn-wbE Mbdvig am aviylg nw_ ivq

wbTvgI ò Mi_a|9= (E) Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. >8, n. ;1;, `vdxf? 9>;875 (L) Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-

bvqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, L. 9, n. 9;5 (F) Mvàd hEx fvk_, Yva`vgv_z Ly_vwbo Mvgb kxMvf~wgo Mvgvwbqv Mvh-hvw`gv, L. =, n. =215 (@) webox iyavix, fxgv_zibx, L. 9, n. ;:1

9bvwgvg AfA wfwEx, ivq wbTvg, bw G maxq Pvmxi_vq Ifovag bn-wbE Mbdvi, n. E, C


22/58

9=

favY Yxbi aviyl AE Mngg Gng wijgexo| _vInvgwgE f`viyj~w_, v__, fa^v_v njw_ fdvTgW favY Mivq G

hyoyag Mbfvi @Rvq Abs avPq avib fj_vE Fw_exo Eg _vo|

_vI dLv hvq aviyl hLi nvgwgE fa^v_v G v__g wjw_ MLv_favY FZi Eg] _Li _uvgv MFFw_ G evwg KTavF nu]F]| Mvg hLiI wbjd avSvTvcv wdq KZ] _LiI n_i `q]Mwibvh nwgWw_| Iw_`vfg @Riv nggv Agn MfsL dv jgv|bWbvd avib_vg Yi AE wbgvR Mwjevn| bWblag (Mpmrthbgk)]vbo SE avib_vE ay Egvg Yi w_wi@vlWv Egi,

!

.

` YiFW! Mvo-v`E jq Eg| Evi Ew__ ivfv Evwk Fvova_vavdg Mvaxg wihy `o, w_wi hwd _vavdg Mvo-v`g wE_vb

Miyfvg nwgTvwo_ Egi, _b _uvg ESv ib Abs MviyF_Egb|=

Ev x_dvf `hg_ bovo -E adxivg afwYdgayqvwh&hi wiqvF Eg w_wi bWbvdg favwm gTiv Egi| _rEvoxiMvgbde Fvxq MvwjYv_ w]o avvw_wg| bsexq M`sbvm dyExRg a_v aviylg aiyl_E dsei Eg| a`vibx Mvgbg fovwo_ Fvxq Mnfsw_ K]d Eg fawmEvg wiw_ Egi| _uvg a_aviylg ahvdvg avnEvwZ _vEGqv G fTwg5 Mvg Fvxq M`sbvm

MEvg hyFg Ezfsvg| w_wi _uvg MvhvdE_ Fvova hvqd Ibi `vwgfv-Ag fvS Mvni kzkv_ bvi hqivb wbi_ Yv`ve -Ag wbqfvdi Eg fawmEvgg dvvni Egi| A wbq EvgvqedgFvxq MvwjYv_ G bsexq M`sbvmg nw_ w]o wbgvR Tvo|gvf~oyov` -Ag A wevg j~waEv EvoYqx G wbeYixi| Ag MvbdiMvYvw_E G MfvndvwqE|

v__g bi

=Mv_-w_gwahx, Mvo-YvwaKo Ebxg 6 Mvf-fyivi, L. ;, n. 947, `vdxf? =14:


23/58

99

! ?

?

?

.jvo Eg Yi gLv! wiq ayfoavigv ngg jvI jvI, FvRv

ayfwoa YF_ AE ML v_favY| Evi ayfoavigfd _vgfw bw_gEMidg Yi`vovo `q iv| hyoyag weEvg `qviv| ` Mvo-v`! Mvwa _vavg nqFva nuw]qw] Ex3 (YiFWYbvb boo, uv) gvf~oyo-v` boi, ` Mvo-v` _zwa fvx

SEv|=gvf~oyov` -Ag A @vlWv w]o _rEvoxi favYg Yi AE

wbgvR Tvo G dv`| EvgW bseEwoi G gg ahvdv w]o fvavwYEMvwjYv_g wjw| w_wi Navidvgdg fyv__g bi fydp Eg AEML d`fvq nwgW_ Egi| gvf~oyo-v` boi,

fEo aywai AE avib d`g a_v, hwd _vg TvL Mfy`q _Li_vg fbv Mfy`q nc, Mvg hwd _uvg avSv bSv `q _Li _vgfad`I bwS_ `q|9I]vE_jvb Lvgvn Ke Mi Evi ayfoaviE mvv dGqvEvi ayfoavig Yi bm iq| Mvwa weF&wFgI _vavdg bob wEayfoavi E3 ayfoavi fbw, hvg ayL G `v_ `_ Miayfoavigv wigvnd5 aywai f bw, nvW G fwg wigvnvgbvnvg hvg Gng aviyl Mvv gvL_ nvg5 ay`vwYg fbw, hnvn nwg_vF Eg Abs ayYvw`d fbw, h ikfg (Eznbw)

wbg wY`vd wo `q|>

=Ibi Ygxg Mv_-_vbvgx, _vgxLyg gfyo Gqvo ayo~E, L. >, n. =2=9 (E) ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. ;, n. 9444, `vdxf? :1 (928:), (L) Mv_-_vbgxhx, waeEv_zo

avfvbx`, L. >, n. =>82, `vdxf? ;72; (8)?

?

P?

.> (E) Mv`ad Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. >7, n. >8=, `vdxf? 9>728 G n. >81, `vdxf?

9>7:15 (L) Mv_-_vbvgvix, Mvo-ayYvayo Ebxg, L. =8, n. >47, `vdxf? 17:5 (F) Mvo-`vqfvax, avYavKh hvGqvwqd Gqv avibvKo kvGqvwqd, L. >, n. 9:8, `vdxf? 2:92


24/58

9>

?.

.

fvbmvi!Mvavg ng _vagv AE Mngg Fdvi Kwcq (nvW@v_xfs@v_ wo `q) Evwkg do nwgW_ `qv iv| (Mng bWivqMv]) ` YiFW! AE MngE `_v Egv iv|=(9)

gvf~oyov` adxivq ay`vwYg G Mvifvgdg v__ bi(

) Mvb Egvg h a`r Eafvdi Egi _v avib Iw_`vfg AE

Fgbdx avIokoE w`fb wTw_ `q SvEb| ARv gvf~oyov` -AgMii gvYiw_E d~gdwe_v G wbTW_vg navW|w_wi @vlWv Egi,

.

Mvov`gfwg Yi_vagv dyYi dyYi jvI jvI `q hvG|f faq ayfoaviFW hfb fafvg fyLxi ì v__g A wbmvi

w]o _vg TarEvg favmvi| w`Yg_g MvR avf ng gvf~oyov` `hg_

Mvivf Ibi avwoEg bvfjbi ay`vwYg G Mvifvgdg am v__gbi vni Egi| f faq avR ibI Yi fv`vbx Knw_ w]oi,MmE w]oi ay`vwYg G MmE w]oi Mvifvg| gvf~oyo-v` nw_dyYig am v__g fE vni Eg di| fvmvgW_ AEYiay`vwYgg f AEYi Mvifvgxg v__ vni Egv `q| wbelAE ay`vwYgg f Mng ay`vwYg MSbv AE Mvifvgxg f Mng

Mvifvgxg v__g bi fw Egv `q|>A big a~oESv `], ay`vwYg G MvifvgFW ngg AE

Mngg fyL-dytL, wblvd-bdivq G Mvid-K]vf fabdiv G fv`vh

=(E) Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. 7, n. ;==, `vdxf? 2218, n. ;>4, `vdxf? 2:4;, L.=4, n. 1=, `vdxf? 2847 G 28=45 (L) Mvo-byLvgx, Mvf-f`x`, L. 2, n. =1:=11, `vdxf?;;49, ;;4>, L. 7

, n.>, `vdxf?

:8:8 G n. 24, `vdxf? 14115 (F)

Ibi avYv`, Mvf-fyivi,

L. 9, n. =>44, `vdxf? >7;>5 (@) MvbydvKd, Mvf-fyivi, L. ;, n. 9==, `vdxf? ;:;89 (E) Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. 92, n. ;7:;71, `vdxf? =:4885 (L) Mvby dvKd,

Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n. 944, `vdxf? =7::> (E) Ibi fvIwqdyyi ivf, Kq~iyo Mvfg kxo avFvhx Gqve evavwqo Gqvf wfqg, L. =, n.

9>49>>5 (L) Ibi EvIwqa Mvo-YGwhqv, hvdyo avMvd kx `vdwq LvIwgo Ibvd, L. >, n.2:285 (F)ay`vd Ibi Mvbdyo Gqv`&`vb, ayL_vfvg fxgvw_g gvf~o , n. =>7=;4


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f`viyj~w_ ndei Egb| ay`vwYg G MvifvgFW AE Mngg fv__g bi Mvb `bvg Yi Aaijvb nw_hvwF_vq Mb_xW `_ih, Mbel _v oRvgx_ wFq Knix_ `_| MvifvgFW wiYdg @g-

bvwc, _Yfn, RvEv-nqfv, vbg-Mvbg fw AaiwE hvb_xq wblqMveq ay`vwYgdg n~WwiqW wdq di hv_ fov _uvgv nqvYia_bb`vg Eg_ nvgi|

Mvifvg G ay`vwYgdg v__big nwgwm w]o M_bvnE|A fE wiwd Evi wbel fxavb w]o iv| Yxbig fb

w]o A f`hvwF_vg bvw| nwgThv, fbv, Knde, Mvw_Sq_v, a~omi

hvFvi, YxwbEvg bbv, Msexdvwg_ bbfv AEESvq fvavwYE nvqnw_wR A bi w]o wb_| gvf~oyov` nbw__ A bbvdybwg am Aai KT_g v__g bi gTiv Egw]o h, _v ggfEg wjw_ vwn_ v__g Tq MiE ahby_ nhvqg|Mvifvgdg Kdvg_v, a`viyjb_v G Mv__vF ay `q `hg_ MvivfAEwdi boi,

?

?

?

.

Iqv gvf~oyov` ! Mvagv ELiv Aai (Mvifvgdg) aviylgfvv_ nvIwi, hvgv fvaviKrE wE]ySvEo _v wiqMvavdgfv`vh AwFq Mvfiwi| e_g bwewE]y SvEo _vG wdqdi| Mvavdg fb nqvYi _vgv n~gW Egi| Mvavdg f

jvF Eg ii| Mvavdg jq `] _vgv Mvov`g wiER `_ fb

nygvg w]wiq ibi| gvf~oyov` Kg boi, iv, _vagvh_W nh_vdg nesfv Egb Abs _vdg Yi dyMv Egb__W nhA gn `b iv|=

=Ibi fvIwqdyyi ivf, Kq~iyo Mvfg kxo avFvhx Gqve evavwqo Gqvf wfqg, L. =, n. 9>=


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92

aviyl TvwgwE G MvwSE KrElg gfa~` Mw_a Eg h_IKng Kix_ `vE iv Ei, f _vg Mv_xq_v G @wi_vg wiwdwijgexo_vq wTgwdig Yi fE`xi G Fvko SvE_ nvg iv| Evi

iv Evi faq Mv_vg Fjxg_v `_ A mgWg _g KmdeAf nc,fRvE Mvni EgiGqvg Miyj~w_ ]vcv Mi wE]yvgv bvLv Egv hvqiv| Lzb fb_ aviwbE Mv_vg ARvI w]o nEw_F_ wnnvfv, hv wibvgWgYi v__big bbv Egv `q|

gvf~oyov` -Ag nbw__ v__ bi adxivg favY bnwbEnwgb_i Mvi| favYg fdfdg am evw, ww_exo_v G fàwa_v

nw_w_ `q| v__ big A wbmvi bv`_ PEvoxi faqg Yinbw__ òG Ifovag b`g Keg A_ n~W_v @R| Mvifvgxdgf`vq_vq ay`vwYgFW bbfv-bvwWY nwgTvoiv Eg nj~_ ovjbvi`_SvE| `hg_ Mvbdyg gàvi Ibi MvKk bbfvq MvhYiE Kiw_

ovj Egi| w_wi bo_i, Mvwa avwR_ `v_ wdo fviv `q h_|AaiwE _uvg bbfvwqE nW db fv_eKRg Gng bv^vI Eg Mviv

`_| ffb avovavo adxivq nu]o fvgv e`gaq nc h_` T |Ajvb ay`vwYg G Mvifvgdg am Afxwa_ v__avib YF_i_zi Yxbig n~bvjvf navwW_ `q| ARv fj_vg i_zi wjw vni Eg|adxivg ayfoavidg fvavwYE G gvYiw_E Yxbi `q hvq wiwb@ GKFay| ma wbevfg Yi _uvdg Evgv TvL gvvwig _vqvv Eg_`qwi| wbF_ dc `vYvg b]g mg gvf~oyov &E_E nbw__ adxivg

favYg v__ big wev (ayGqvLv_) MvYG Aweqv, MvawgEv,IKgvn,Mwoqvf` FvRv dywiqv Yyc bfbvfg_ ayfoavidg YxbiIw_bvTE njvb wbvg Eg To]|

dvfnSv K]dfavYg ivqwbTvg nw_vg o gvf~oyo-v` _rEvoxi favY

nTwo_ dvf nSv K]d fv`fx j~waEv gvLi| wbeIw_`vf `hg_gvf~oyov` -I nSa whwi dvf nSvg wbgy wY`vd @vlWv Egi|_LiEvg hyF FvRv Fxf G gvavi fvavY dvf nSvg GngFc KZw]o|wLYF_ G Mvgb favYG w]o dvf nSvg Mbvm nToi|=

=Kr. Fmogk Mlg Ehm`, Fuhmffmk? [hb J g`ml Fbssbàbr, p. >>1


27/58

9:

nwSbxg nvq nw_wR Yvw_Fvx G de wbel_ gva, nvgf,waeg, Mvgb, jvg_, MvwkEv, Fxf, awEv G j~amfvFgxq Modvfbbfv G dvfnSv w]o PxE_ wblq| njyFW wiYdgE avwoE-awib

ai Eg dvfdg eaE evlW Eg_i, _vdg vgv MaviywlE nwgeaEgv_i| MiE faq _vdg Gngia Mvf_ wihv_ig LcF EnvW|dvfFWg Yxbiw]o ng ivq| gvavi fvavY Fbvwd ng ivq weEowdq _vdg bum gvLv `_| A Yi dvf-dvfxdg bov `_ Yxbavon (Lgvgà Luaamab)| nWdbg a_v `vRbvYvg _vdg wbwEgv `_v| aviyl w`fb _vdg Evi MwmEvg w]o iv| wbq G fdMYi w]o _vdg Yi MEixq|=

a`vibx e_vx nvTxi dvfnSvg MbfviE wbwji ndnF`W Egi Abs dvf aywE fGqvbg Knvq w`fb wTw_ Egi|gvf~oyov` -Ag F`x_ ndn dvfdgE aviylg ahvdvq MwjwlEg| aviyl YiF_jvb Pvmxi, Evgv Eg_oF_ `GqvRv _vg awoEMwmEvgg nwgnx| dvf_g wiFc Mvb avibfvi PjvbF_ Tvw`dv GNavig dvwb_ maxq EvhEovn hSvhSjvb fi Eg_ MnvgF|

dvf_g eLo SE aywI _vg Yxbi, _vg Pvmxi_v G _vg ew| dvfayw_ Kxwb_ Egvg o a`vibx @vlWv di,

.

h bw Evi ayfoavi dvfE dvf_ `_ ay Egb,

(MvhvdE_ dvfg) n_EwR Mg wbwiaq Mvo-v` _vg (aywdviEvgxg) n_E ME dvhLg Mvi `_ ayw dvi Egbi|AaiwE FvnivEG ayw dbi|9

gvf~oyov` Ebo @vlWv wdq vìwi, wiY dvf ay Egbvb dvvni Egi| fv`vbvq wEgva G gvf~oyov -Agfyiv_g MiyfgW Eg dvf ayw_ MseF`W Egi| Ajvb dvfFW

avibvwmEvg wkg nq favY G gv g_n~W nd Mvfxi ì|=FQL Ocur`ml, Fmeemh, vcl. 91, @c. =4, Om`. 944:, pp. >:->8

9(E) Mvo-byLvgx, Mvf-f`x`, L. 8, n. =;2=;:, `vdxf? :1=2, (L) ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9,n. ==;1, `vdxf? 9> (=247)5 (F) Mv_-_vbgxhx, waeEv_zo avfvbx`, L. 9, n. =4=4, `vdxf?

>>89 (=)


28/58

91

gvf~oyov` x_dvf hvqd Ibi `vwgfE fivnw_ wihy Egi|`hg_ Mvivf Ibi avwoE, `hg_ fvoavi kvgfx G `hg_fy`vIb gax Abs Mngvng x_dvfFW fvavwYE ahvdv ovj Eg

favY G gvg g_n~W wLda_ Mvi&Yva di| F_Evog x_dvfMvYEg fivnw_, MvFvaxEvo gvnmvi5 hvdg vgv i_yi Iw_`vf fw`q| w_wi @vlWv Egi,

.

_vavdg dvfFW _vavdgI dvf| M_Ab _vagv hv LvG_vdgE _vI L_ dvG5 _vagv h gn Evnc nwgmvi Eg_vwdFE _dn EvncI nwgmvi Eg_ dvG| _vgv hwd avgMhvF Evi Mngvm Eg SvE, _v ò Mvov`g bvdvdgayEg dvG5 _vdg evwwdG iv|=

a`vibx-Ag wideiv MiyfgW Eg `hg_ Mvwqev, `hg_

Mvbdyov` Ibi Mvbvf , `hg_ `vwEa Ib&i `vhva , `hg_Mvbdyov` Ibi Gag, `hg_ Gfavi Ibi Mvkkvi , `hg_hyo Evova wàqvgx Abs `hg_ Mvbdyg gàvi Ibi MvGk >7,948 Yi dvf-dvfxE Mbay Eg di|9

MvmywiEEvoG dvf-dvfxdg wiq To] gagav bvwWY|MSixw_wbd Ymlph MustbÀE nwgfsLvi boi, wbF_ ; e_ b]g

== SE 94 wawoqi dvf-dvfxE Yv`vY hvF MvwkEv SE MvRovwREnvwc wdq wbwji de nvTvg Egv `q| FblEdg Mwja_ >4 ovLdvf-dvfxE MvwkEv `_ Kg G dwW MvawgEvq Mviv `q Tcv dvawbw Egvg Ke| =284 wLv n_yFvog wfwER 9 `vYvg dvf-dvfxE MvwkEv SE Ai bvwYog Kg n~bvoxq wTwi kvwg_ wbwEg dq|>

= (E) Ibi fvd, Mv_-_vbvEv_zo Ezbgv, L. 9, n. =:1, `vdxf? =7::5 (L) webox iyavix,fxgv_zibx, L. 9, n. ;:8

9wfxE `vfvi Lvi, k_o Mvova wo-egw` byo~wFo aygva, L. 9, n.>>9> (m) Jmgzm Ymky, [ur`gà ilg`k byb, Ml Mhrmf Qbbely, :-=9 ^bpt. 944=, p.:5 (i)Nhrgstcphbr Huksc`, Auglt, pb`m`nb m`k thb truth micut Irgtmg`s ^lmvb [rmkb, KmglyFmgl, ^bpt. 944=, p. ;-2


29/58

98

ivgx MwmEvg nw_vYvw`ox hyF Mvgbde Eiv fviE YxbEbg dqv `_v

EvgW Eiv fvi Yidvi Egv w]o _vdg Yi fvavwYEjvb

MahvdvEg| wn_v _vg OgfYv_ Eivg wivn ayL dL_G gvYx w]oiv| Ebo Mvgb iq fvgv dywiqvq wbel_ Txiv, Fxfxq, gvavi Gjvg_xq favY nTmgig wo bla w]o| ivgxdg Mnwb ai Egv`_v AaiwE aviylgnG FW Egv `_v iv| fvi Krnvdig h Ghi_w fvmig MiylxI w]o ivgx| nvTxi IKgvnxq favY ivgx w]o

fEo nvng a~o (Ycct cj mll bvgl), igEg dgYv (Kccr cj thb Hbll)

MSbv eq_vig ayLnv (Cram` cj Kbvgl) nvTxi jvg_xq favY Pvaxga_yg ng ivgxg buT SvEvg MwmEvg w]o iv| Pvaxg Yo wT_vqMv_v_x dqvw]o _vg fvavwYE G maxq E_b|=

Ifova ny fvi G Eiv fvig am Evi nvSE wignWEgvE nvn w`fb wbbTiv Eg| fvi avI nwgbvgg Mwb]d MG Mvdgg mi| nvTxi favY bbvq h`_z Eiv fvig YiE @Wvg

TvL dLv `_v| A Mbv nwgb_ig Yi a`vibx Eiv weovoiE Krfvw`_ Egi| gvf~oyo-v` favY `_ Eiv fvi Yxbfavw`_ Egvg a_ bbg gxw_ K]d fvmi Egi fko_vg fvS| w_wiwiY Eiv fvidg fvS fa_v G d_vn~W MvTgW Eg]i fvgvYxbi, MidgEG Eivdg fvS fb`vg Egvg wide wdq]i_vwFdn~Wjvlvq| h bw w_iwR bv dywRaq MSbv w_iwR bv dywR bvi

ovoi-nvoi Egb, fywevq wew_ Egb, Knhy nv wbq ndviEgb, fvgv Yxbi _uvg fvS fdvTgW Egb, gvf~oyo-v` _vE Yviv_gfyfsbvd wdq boi,

.

Mvwa G f dyMvyog ivq nvevnvwe Yviv_ MbviEgb|9

w_wi MvgGboi,Evgv Eiv fvi SvEo f hi _vE YxbEbg iv dq5 _vg

=fvNd Mvo-MvkFvix, Mvo-Ifova Gqvo avgvMv_, n. =75 (L) ay`vd gexd ghv, EzEzi wifvwko Ifova Gqv w`h&hyiv waivo Ifovw`o ay vdx Mvo-Mva, n. :9

9Ibi w`bvi, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9, n. =7=, `vdxf? ;;1


30/58

97

Mahvdv iv Eg Abs ny fvig TvI_ Ea Mvdg iv Eg_vò Mvo-v` _vE bè_ vi dbi|=

MwmEvg, ahvdv G ngEvoxi nygvgg wdE wdq ivgx-nyglg

am Ifova Evi nvSE wignW Eg iv|a`vibx `hg_ ay`vd aykv ivq G avib_vwjwE favYnw_vq h bn-wbE Mbdvi gvLi, _vg am Ko-LhvF ò ivgxgfvavwYE ahvdv dvi| wn__vwE favY avPq av__vwE favYgwdE ûyE nc| Iw_`vf A nSa avqgv fvavwYE PxEw_ ovj Eg|nvE Ifovax hyF nwSbxg EvSvG ivgxg fvavwYE ahvdv w]o iv| _vgv

w]o Mbòvg nv G fvi Krnvdig h| _vdgE Mnwb ai Egv`_v| favY hv_ ivgx Yvw_g fvi G ahvdv fynw_w_ `q _vg Yigvf~oyov`&wbwji ndn F`W Egi| favYg MmEvse ivgxEMbòv Ego fvavwYE fywbTvg fyd~g ngv`_ `b, A T_iv Mvo-v`ggvf~og am w]o nygvnywg EvhEg| gvf~oyo-v` ivgxg ahvdv nw_w_Egvg o @vlWv di,

!

.

` YiFW! _vavdg ivgxdg Gng _vavdg È gq] Abs

_vavdg KngG gq] _vdg È| ivgxdg Gng _vavdgÈ AI h, _vgv _vavdg b_x_ Mi EvKEG _vavdgwb]vivwo avcv_ db iv| _vavdg @g Aai EvKEG

=Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. ;, n. =2, `vdxf? 9=4; G L. 2, n.>7:, `vdxf? >;9;


31/58

>4

nbeg Miyaw_ db iv, hvdg _vagv Mnfd Eg|_vgvnEve Mexo_vq wiYdgE wo Egb iv| hwd _vgv Mbvm`q, _b _vdg Knde db5 wb]vivq _vdg nwg_vF Egb

Abs (nqvYi `voEvjvb) _vdg n`vg Egb, hLa fwEvgxn`vg iq| _vgv hwd Afb bgx EaEv nwg_vF Eg AbsMviyF_ nEve Eg _v ò _vgv fdq_vn~W Lvgnvlnv`b| ivgxdg bvnvg Mvo-vÈ jq Eg Tob5 Eiiv _vgv_vavdg f`hvFx, _vgv wiYdg fbP_vavdg fun wdq]|_vagv _vdg F`W Eg] Mvo-v`g Mvavi_g avma Abs _vdg

ovvi _vagv `vovo Eg] Mvo-v`g Evwoavg fv`vh|=

ALvi KoL Egv h_ nvg h, a`vibx `hg_ ay`vd Yxbi Evi wdi Pxq x MSbv j_E n`vg Egiwi| w_wi boi, EviPvax Mvdg Eg AE Fvf LvbvgG hwd xg ayL _zo dq, Mvov` _vMvov_vgG bdov dbi ngEvo| x, fvi-fw_, av-bvbv AEESvqnwgbvgg fdfdg Yi MS KnvYi G bq Egv fvdvEvg fGqvb|

fv`vbx Mvivf boi, Mvwa =4 b]g gvf~oyov` -Ag fbv Egw],Eviwdi w_wi K` boiwi MSbv ARv Ei Eg] GRv Ei Egwi, AYv_xq Evi abG Egiwi|9

wbq, wbmbv wbq, LyoMv _vovE, xovEg a_ wn_v, a_ Pvaxgfw jvFg MwmEvg njw_ wbmvi vgv gvf~oyo-v` ivq-Iifvkwiw_ Eg_ nvwgbvwgE G fvavwYE EvZvav Fc _voi hv Mngvng h

Evi fvavwYE EvZvavgTq w]o Ki__g| avRESv gvf~oyov` -AgEovWI ivgx Yvw_ fbnSa nvwgbvwgE ahvdvG fvavwYE wigvnvgFvgvwR nvq Abs wiYdg hvF Mvfi Mvfxi Egvg MwmEvg wkgnvq| avib fj_v G mag Iw_`vf A nSa ivgx _vg ivh fwnvGqvg Abs gWvbW Egvg MwmEvgno| gvf~oyov` ivgxdgE

= (E) Ibi wèva, Mvf-fxgv_zi ivbvGqxqv, L. 9, n. :4;5 (L) ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9, n.

887874, `vdxf? =;1 (=9=8)5 (F)Ibi Lyhvqav, Mvf-f`x`, L. ;, n. 92=, `vdxf? 98475(@) Mvd-wdqvg bEgx, _vwgLyo Lvaxf kx Mv`Gqvwo Mvikzwfi ivwkf, L. 9, n. =245 (C)Ibi

Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =::, =17, 99=9995 (T) Mvo-Yvw`h, Mvo-bvqviGqv_ _vbqxi, L. 9, n. 9>

9Mvo-byLvgx, Mvf-f`x`, L. 8, n. =;, `vdxf? :4>8?

P

?

?

?

.


32/58

>=

_vdg n]dE_ Pvax F`Wg n~WPvmxi_v ndvi Egi| Eiv fvi `_vwiwl Egi| Kng Eiv, aq, bvi ovoi-nvoiEvgxdg Yviv_ovjg fyfsbvd di, avqg nd_o fvig b`e&_|=

wbebgW Ifovax MvIi wbel Mvovav ayk_x ay`vd ewk-Ag jvl a_, ivgx _vug awoE nqvYi wbel_ Ibvd_,wTwErfv, Mfy av`gva bw G av`gva Mv_xqdg fvv_, wev AbsYxwbEv MPlWg Yi @g SE bg `q Eao FaivFai ewgq_gEvibvmv iI| _b e_`]d` Mvb_ Egv hvq Aai Tvdg (wYobvb)

bv bvgEv nwgmvi Eg_ `b Abs Mfb G fdh ndei SE

wbg_ SvE_ `b| ivgxg wigvnvg Yi A bbv|

9

jvg_g _rEvoxW nmvi ayk_x Mvovav ayk_x wEkvqv_zov`boi, MvmywiE hyFTvw`dvg nwgnw_ ivgxdg wevg wbw_ GwbEveg nqvYixq_v dLv wdq] nTjvb| A Mw_g_n~WKnEvwg_v hv _vdg wevg avma MYi Egv fb _v Ebo M_vgEvgW bS_vq nhbwf_ `]| bvwoEv wbdvoq (avdgvfv) nw_v,

nwgTvoiv G bvwoEvdg wbdvoq Knww_ Abs ivgxg fvS fw_n~Wvi-wbvi wev G TTv wbel_ `wown wbdv MYi I_vwd egxq_gwideivg fvS fw_n~W G Ka Eaw`fb wbbwT_|>

aviwbE ixw_avova`vibx fyG evwn~WfavY nw_vg ohfb ixw_avov

nWqi Egi, wbdvq `Yg jvlW w_wi nyigvq _uvg Miyfvgxdg gW

Ewgq di| A ovg EZvg Miyexoi fbgg YiFWg am awoEavibxq a~obvmg wbEve @Rv_ fa| gvf~oyo-v` E_E nw_w_adxiv gvg YiFW bvm_va~oEjvb A fb ixw_avovov MiyfgW EgvgEvgW favY wigbw]i evwG ww_exo_v bYvq SvE| _uvg Miyf_ixw_avovfa~`g am gq]5 ivqngvqi_v, v__bvm, fva, nvgwgEaa_bvm, dvi-Miydvi, Mv__vF, ahvdvbvm, Mvw_Sq_v, ngvae

njw_| favYg nw_wR fdfg am nvgwgE dqv, f`vdG fYi

=Mvo-Ezhvqx, ayfidye we`vb, L. =, n. =49, `vdxf? ==7?

9ayk_x ay`vd ekx, avMvwgkzo EzgMvi, L. 1, n. =>>=>;

>ayk_x ay`vd wEkvqv_zov` d`obx, wEkvqv_zo ayk_x, L. 9, n. >;


33/58

>9

fyfavY nw_vg n~be_| fàwa_vfyoj WvbwoaviylE AE MnggwiER wiq Mvf| w`sfv-wbl wbjdg bxY bwn_ Eg| hvgkoew__ fvavwYE fs`w_ G ww_exo_v wbi `q hvq| gvf~oyo-v`

Aai AE favY nw_v Egi hvg wjw w]o nvgwgE fvibvm, ivqwbTvg G aviwbE_vbvm|=wbdvq `Yg jvlW aviwbE ixw_avovov YiFWg fvai

nyib Eg boi,

.

EvgG wiER Evi Mvavi_ Yav SvEo avwoEE _v kg_ wdq

dvG|9

.

wiqMvo-v` nvE nw_wR Èdvgg MwmEvg Mvdvqgbbv Egwdq]i (MSvr axgvfg Mse wimvgW Eg wdq]i) MvgGqvwgfg Yi Gwfq_ Egv bm iq|>

.

fvi wb]vivg (MwmEvgxg) Yi (MSvr MvIiF_ Pvaxg YiI)|bwjTvgxg Yi ng (win a_y), _vdg w`fb Mvo-v`g`v_|;

.

fvbmvi| MngvmxI wiY Mngvnmg Yi dvqx| fvbmvi! wn_vgMngvmg Yiny dvqx iq Abs nyg Mngvnmg Yi wn_vGdvqx iq|=

=

Mvo-`vqfvax, Evekzo Mvf_vg Mvi hvGqvwqwdo bvh&hvg, L. 9, n.>2, `vdxf? ==;>9Ibi Efxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 1, n.>;=>MvbydvKd, Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n. ==;, `vdxf? 9814;(E) Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfivd, L. =9, n. 94>, `vdxf? 19:9 G L. =>, n. =8;, `vdxf?

11:>5 (L) (L) Mv_-w_gwahx, Mvo-YvwaKo Ebxg 6 Mvf-fyivi, L. ;, n. ;:=, `vdxf? 9=275(F) Mvi-ivfvqx, Mvo-ayY_vbv waivf-fyivi, L. ;, n. ;>>, `vdxf? 9=945 (@) Ibi Evfxg,Mvf-fxgv_zivGqvwbqv, L. >, n. :44


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>>

.

mvg iGqv b n_vnWhvF5 dy nvig Yi dvig nn_v`vghvF5 JW Mvdvq Mnwg`vh Abs favYg E_vbwfvwbE dvwq_exo|9

gvf~oyov` adxivq Iifvkn~W h favY Evqa Egi _vgwjw w]o avib_vbvm, iw_E_v G avibYvw_g fvbYixi_v| aviyl hwdwgnyg _vcivg wiER ngvj~_ `q _v ò fy favYg wbEvemvgvq fEvi _vrnhn~W Mbdvi gvL_ nvg iv| aiyl_g Kxbi, TvwgwE

KrEl G iw_E Know fy favY wbEveg f`vqE Mvg IwdqYv_nbW_v, Mwiqw_ MvbF, MwiEg nSv favYg fy_vg wjwa~oEAEbvg icbc Eg dq, Yi `q hyoya G iv-Iifvkxg| A Kegvf~oyov` Yyqv Lov, adnvi, ievF`W, EzfxdnSv, whiv-faEvwa_vGM`_zE gnv_ wiwl Eg di|>

ko favY wbgvmx EvhEovng jqvb`_vg `v_ `_ aviyl g`vI

nvq| Ko-L h, adnvi, Yyqv, hvb_xq MavwY_, ixT Pjvbg MwiEvhEovn G fb mgig Mvw_eh ò wL-Iwd G nwoE favYgMwjevn| fj_vg Mwjevn `_ aviylE ayw wdq ma wiqw_ GaviwbE_vq Kxwb_ i_zi favYg Fvcvni òv gvf~oyo-v` Agg_n~WMbdvi| wbeavib_vg nw_ ARv a`vi gvf~og I`fvi|

`Yg gxw_-ixw_ eLvg _vwFd

.

_vagv Mvavg wiER `_ `Y nvoig gxw_-ixw_ weL ivG,

=(E) Ibi avYv`, Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n. 874, `vdxf? 9::7 G L. 9, n. =4=2, `vdxf? >4225(L) Mv_-w_gwahx, Mvo-YvwaKo Ebxg 6 Mvf-fyivi, L. ;, n. ;:=, `vdxf? 9=27 G L. 2, n.

91>, `vdxf? >4185 (F) Mv_-_vbgxhx, waeEv_zo avfvbx`, L. 9, n. 8=7, `vdxf? 9:14 (=9)5(@)Ibi EvIwqa Mvo-YGwhqv, hvdyo avMvd kx `vdwq LvIwgo Ibvd, L. 9, n. 9>89(E) Mv_-w_gwahx, Mvo-YvwaKo Evbxg 6 Mvf-fyivi, L. ;, n. ;>>, `vdxf? 9=945 (L)IbiEfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =91

> (E) Mv_-_vbvgvix, Mvo-ayYvayo Ebxg, L. 1, n. >8>7, `vdxf? :>=: G :>=15 (L) IbiEfxg, Mvf-fxgv_zivGqvwbqv, L. ;, n.>795 (F) Mvf-fyqy_x, Mvd-dyg&go aif~g kx_ _vkfxgwbo-avf~g, L. >, n.>8;


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>;

Mvwa Yvwi iv A `Yg ng Mvg `YEg_ nvgb wEiv|=_vavdg am hvgv Gagvg I`gva bum]v Abs fvS `vdN

(Ezgbvixg n) wiq Af]v _vgv hi bvq_zo-v`g _vGqvk Eg Abs

fvkv-avgGqvq fvN Eg, _vdg `Y favmviv Egv Abs de _vwgL_vdg `vdNEzgbvix iv Egv nh_vdg Yi hv `vgva Egv `qw]o _vgwE]yI `vovo `b iv| Mvg _vavdg am hvgv Kagvg I`gva bum]v_b fvS `vdN (Ezgbvixg n) wiq Mvfwi, _vgv hi bvq_zo-v`_vGqvk Eg As fvkv-avgGqvq fvN Eg, _vgng Tzo ]uvR G `vovo `qhvq| ng hi (hSvfaq) `Yg I`gva Eg Abs `vdN Ezgbvix Eg5

Mbe hvgv _v_ faSiv `b _vdg Yi `Yg wdiwo_ w_iwR AbshLi bvwc n_vb_i Egb _Li fv_wR (avR dewR) gvhv| wYbgvNoMvavg Ev] Mvfoi, _Li Mvwa MvExE w]ova| w_wi booi, A

bgE_aq Kn_Evq dygvEvMv_ fvov_ Mvdvq Egi Abs boyi, `YgfvS Gagv5 Eiiv wEqva_ nhg Yi Gagv `Yg am nwb `qF]| hv Mvwa ng by^w], _v hwd MvFby^_ nvg_va _v ò

MbeI Mvwa ARvEI Gagvq nwgW_ Eg_va5 wE Mvwa `vdNwiqAfw] Abs `Y G Gagv AEw_ Egw]| hvg fvS `vdNgq] fGagvg fvS `Yg I`gva bum ib| _vgng f `vovo `b iv|

Mbel AE dywR `_ `vovo `b|9

.h (ay`wga) bwg Ihvg (Lvov oyw) iI f nvqYvav ngbAbs hvg Yy_viI f (Tvacvg) avYv ngb|>

Mvgvkvq MbviEvoxi w_wi boi, ARv KE~k (Mbvig )5nv`vcE w@g Mvgvkvg h AovEv _vg nygvRvI KE~kg vi|

=

(E) ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9, n. 7;>, `vdxf? >=4 (=971)5 (L) Ibi Efxg, Mvo-wbdvqvGqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. 94:5 (F) Mvo-Evf&_vovix, Mvo-avGqvw`byo oydywiqv wbo-aviwòay vvwdqv, L. >, n. ;7;

9(E) Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. 99, n.>9:>98, `vdxf? =;;;45 (L) Mvo-bvq`vEx,Mvf-fyiviyo Ezbgv, L. 2, n. 7=4, `vdxf? 88925 (F)Ibi Efxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv,L. 2, n. =:4

>Ibi avYv`, Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n. 711, `vdxf? 97>=


36/58

>2

ayhdvwokvq w_wi boi, ARv KE~kg vi| FvRv ayhdvwokv KE~kgvi|hLi axiv_ Ezgbvix Egi _Li w_wi boi, ARv Ezgbvixg ,FvRv axiv Ezgbvixg |=

.

Msexbvdx G nw_av n~Yvwggv A vi SE nvi Eg_f~hvEvo, hLi f~h nv`vcT~cvq SvE hai ovEdg nvFwcSvE _vdg avSvq| Mvavdg nv _vdg nvg wbngx_| Mvg

_vgv aveMvgo `vgva `_ nvi Eg_ nv`vcT~cvq f~hvdqEvo

hai ovEdg nvFwc_vdg avSvq| Mvavdg nv _vdg nvgwbngx_|9

.

Mvgvkvq MbviI `Y| fy_gvs ayhdvwokvg gv_g kYg g

`Gqvg MvF huvgv Mvgvkv_ gYix (Mbvi) nq hvb _uvdg`Y n~W`q hvb|>

TvgwR wblq g_n~W

.(E) Mvo-v`g fvS Evi wE]yegxE Egb iv5

=Mv`ad Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. 99, n.>98, `vdxf? =;;;49Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. 949

>Mvi-ivfvqx, Mvo-ayY_vbv waivf-fyivi, L. 2, n. 92:, `vdxf? >4=:


37/58

>:

(L) Mvo-v` h nvW bm Egv `vgva Eg]i _v ivqfsF_ EvgW]vcv bm Egb iv5(F) bvwjTvg Egb iv Abs

(@)Tzwg Egb iv|=

Ibvd_g nw_ Fyg_vgvn

.

` YiFW| _vavdg nw_nvoEg Ibvd_ Egb5 nuvT Gqvfvov_ Mvdvq Egb5 gvavhvi avfg wfqva nvoi Egb5 fdghvEv_ Mvdvq Egb Abs _vavdg evfEdg MviyF_ Egb,_bI _vavdg nw_nvoEg Yviv_ nbe Eg_ nvgb|9

L_a iybyGq_

?

.

` avibaox! Mvavg ng Mvg Evi nqFvPgg Mvwbjvb `biv| _vavdg ng Mvg Evi K_ iI| M_tng dy`v_Kvoi Eg boi, ` Mvo-v` fvxSEv|>

a`vi Mvov` avibYvw_g w`dvqv_ G fwZE nS wideiv ndvigKde hyF hyF A nwSbx_ MfsL ibx G gvf~o ngW Egi| `hg_ay`vd`]iiybyGqv_g A mvgvbvwÈ_vg fbel G fbe gvf~o|_uvg Mvwbjvbg ng iybyGqv_ G wgfvo_g A mvgv nggvg fkonwgfavw @R| nwb EzgMvi G `vdxfg @vlWv Miyhvqx wEqva_nhMvg Evi ibx bv gvf~og MvFaig nqvYi iI Abs MbEveGiI| _uvg iybyGqv_g avma Ifova fbYixi maG EvoYqx Yxbivde

=(E) Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. >=, n.>9;, `vdxf? =87875 (L) Mv_-_vbvgvix, Mvo-

ayYvayo Ebxg, L. 1, n. >8>7, `vdxf? :>=: G :>=15 (F) Ibi Evfxg, Mvf-fxgv_zivGqvwbqv, L. ;, n. >795 (@) Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. 9=25(C) Mvf-fyqy_x, Mvd-dyg&go aif~g kx_ _vkfxg wbo-avf~g, L. >, n.>8;

9 (E) Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid, L. >:, n. ;81, `vdxf? 99=:= G n. 27>, `vdxf?999285 (L) Mv_-w_gwahx, Mvo-YvwaKo Evbxg 6 Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n. 2=:, `vdxf? :=:

>(E)Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. 9995 (L) Mvo-`vqfvax, Evekzo Mvf_vgMvi hvGqvwqwdo bvh&hvg, L. 9, n.>;, `vdxf? ==;=


38/58

>1

w`fb MiEvog Yi n~W_v G PxEw_ ovj Eg| _vEaxo dxigHex @vlWvg nvnR iybyGqv_ G wgfvo_g amvgvg Mbfvi @R|L_aiybyGqv_g PxEw_ G Mvv ayfoavidg awoE MvExdv-wbevfg

M| iybyGqv_g wfowfov ay`vd -Ag Gng L_a `q F], A ESvh wbevf Eg iv MSbv _uvg ng h bw ibx MSbv gvf~o `bvg dvwbEgb, f `b dvvo (n_vgE), Evh&hvb (waSyE) Abs ayg_vd (Pma_vFx)|=

`hg_ Mvda`_ ibyGq_ G wgfvo_g h wfowfov Mvg`q Ag nwgfavw @R ay`vd -Ag avma| EzgMvi, `vdxf, IYav,

wEqvf _Sv egxMv_g doxo T_zq vgv A MvExdv nw_w_ G navwW_|AaiwE n~bb_x Mvfavix wE_vbfa~`G A wblqwR fyjvb wbb_`q]| Mvovav YvovoyxiMvf-fyqy_xIbi fvdIava evbx-Ag Kw_ wdq bWiv Egi h, `hg_ Ib&gv`xa -Ag nw_

Mb_xW f`xkvq KoL gq],

.

wiq Mvnivg fvidg fvi-fw_g b bse nggv To_SvEb| Mbel Kxibx (ay`vd ) MvFai Egbi| w_wi

`bi fbel ibx|9Ibi fvd ay`vd Ibi Evb `_ bwW_, Mvov`

_vMvov `hg_ IqvEzbwiER A aaGqv`x ngW Egi,

.

Mvwa Mvnivg fvidg am bvdev` G ibx fw Egb| el

nh `vgvabvfx ibx Mvwbj~_ `bi, hvg K_FW bvq_zoavEwdfg nvfvdgvwY nyitwiavW Egbi| w_wi `bi fbel ibx

=Ibi Evfxg, _vkfxgo EzgMvwio Mvhxa, L. :, n.>8=9 (E) Ibi fvd, Mv_-_vbvEv_zo Ezbgv, L. =, n. =>1, `vdxf? >185 (L) Mvf-fyqy_x, Mvo-

Lvfvwqfyo Ezbgv, L. =, n. =1


39/58

>8

Abs _uvg iva `b Mvàd|=nwb EzgMvi `hg_ ay`vd-E Lv_vayi ivwbqxiwbelW

j~wl_ Egvg avma A ESvInavwW_ `q h, w_wi ibxEzog am Mii

bwe G wbel ahvdvq Mwjwl e G fbva bw| Lv_va egdynEvg wEgMv_ gq]| Iava `vfvi G Iava Mvwfa -AgwEgMv_ Lv_va Ag _v-Ag Gng hbg gq]| Mivi IavaFWgwEgMv_ Miyhvqx K _v hg wbwe wEKjqgfvgaaAE G Mwji-MSvr ibxFWg MvFai mvgvg favw fvmiEvgx| Eiiv hg wbweLv_va Abs hbg wbwe Lv_va Kjqg AEI MS el| Mvbvg Kjq

MSfxo av`gg G bb_ `q SvE| w_xq MSg bovqG fvgESv el Eiiv Evi bb Eg dbvg Yi av`g fbel bb_`q SvE| Lv_va eg MvwjmvwiE MS `] Evi bE Aaijvbb Egv hv_ wj_gg bbvIgMvf_ iv nvg Abs bvIgg bwj_gh_ iv nvg|9

Lv_vayi ivwbqxi Aai AE ahvdvn~Wnwgjvlv hv `hg_ ay`vd

-Ag KT_g avEvag fv bì Eg| EvgW n_E bI avPqKiw_g wdE mvwb_ `q Abs fbvT weLg nu]o n~W_v fvwm_ `q| Afbel n~W_vg ESvI =4a w`Ygxg 7 hyow`v wbdvq `Yg wdbf nwbEzgMvi mwi_ `q],

MvY _vavdg Yi _vavdg dxi n~Wv Egova G _vavdgnw_ Mvavg MiyF` f~WEgova Abs IfovaE _vavdg dxi

aivix_ Egova|>n~bb_x ibxFWg dxiG wiY wiY hyF Miyfvg nwgn~WI w]o,

EviRvI Mf~W w]o iv wE fvwbE nwgn~W_vg ESv gvf~oyov` -Agdxig nw_I nhvY, hv n~bb_x fbvg Yidoxo Pgn Abs A dxi

= (E) Ibi fvd, Mv_-_vbvEv_zo Ezbgv, L. =, n. =>1, `vdxf? >115 (L) Mvf-fyqy_x, Mvo-Lvfvwqfyo Ezbgv, L. =, n. =1

9 (E) Mvo-Ezg_zbx, Mvo-Yvwa wo-MvÈvwao EzgMvi, L. =;, n. =7:5 (L) Mvo-Mvoyfx, goavMvix kx _vkfxwgo EzgMvwio Mvhxa Gqvf-fvbKo avfvix, L. ==, n. 9=>5 (F) webox

iyavix, fxgv_zibx, L. ;, n.>19>Mvo-EzgMvi, f~gv Mvo-avwqdv, 2?>


40/58

>7

ay`vd wEqva_ nh Tvoy SvEb| Ag n]i AEwR wbel EvgWgq]| `hg_ ay`vd -Ag ng Mvg Evi G`x bv ibxg MvFai `biv bo w_wiwEqva_ nh Ky_ hvb_xq fafvbwog favmvi G hvb_xq

nqvYivwd waRvivg nS wideiv wdq F]i| nvg n~bb_xibxFWg A ESv jvb_ `_ iv| Eiiv _uvgv jvovjvb Yvi_i h,K_g av^ Fvagv`x G wbvw nfvg ovj Ego _uvdg ng MiviibxFW Mvwbj~_ `q A fbg fsevmi G fsvg fvmi Egbi wELv_vayi ivwbqxi -E A ESvG jvb_ `_ h, Eqva_ nhK_h wbwjiayLx fafv G wbvwg fyLxi `b fov fE K_E

nqvYixq nSwide _uvEI wd_ `b| jwbl_ Mf_ G Mivqg h_mYvmvgxg nvdyjvb @Rb _vdghvb_xq oW, Mbv G _Svwd Aaijvb nEve Eg di h, hi AEYi fvmvgW wTvexogG AfE fd`g MbEve iv SvE| A EvgWI gvf~oyov` IgevdEgi h, Mvwa _vavdg Yi Aai Ko G Yw_vi nS gLFova hLvi wdi-gv_ dyRvI faviELiv nS `Gqvg Mvev iI|=

Mvovav Mvbdyov` IKfyk Mvox Lv_vayi ivwbqxi Mvqv_gbvLvq boi,'Qhb` m kcnufb`t gs sbmlbk, gt gs ncfplbtb, m`k thbrb nmìb `c jurthbr mkkgtgc`. [hb hcly Trcphbt Fuhmffmk

nlcsbk thb lcà lg`b cj Fbssbàbrs. Mllmhs tbmnhgà gs m`kmlwmys ib nc`tgùcus, iut thbrb hms ibb` m`k wgll ib `cTrcphbt mjtbr Fuhmffmk. [hb lmtbr mabs wgll wm`t thgèbrs

m`k rbjcrfbrs, `ct Trcphbts. [hgs gs `ct m` mrigtrmry fmttbr.Gt gs m kbnrbb jull cj e`cwlbkab m`k wgskcf? jcr Mllmh hmsjull e`cwlbkab cj mll thgàs.

Evi doxo hLi fxo Eg dGqv `q, _Li _v n~W_v nv `qAbs A_ i_zi Evi fshvYig MbEve SvE_ nvg iv|a`vibx `hg_ ay`vd wgfvov_g fydx@ mvgvbvwÈ_vgnwgfavw @wRq]i| a`vi Mvov`g wev fbdv Toavi wE

`hg_ ay`vd -Ag ng Mvg Evi ibxg b_avi Gjwbl_nqvYiiI| ngb_xhyF wTvwbd G fsvgEg nqvYi dLvdb wEibxg nqvYiiI| ARv Evi LvaLqvwo bvnvg iq|

=ayk_x ay`vd ekx, avMvwgkzo EzgMvi, L. 1, n. =:4=:9


41/58

;4

ARv vi G nvq n~W AEwR Tcv gvq, h`_z Mvov` fbwblq nwgv_|=

mag bvnvg f_E_v

.

wiq _vavdg A e`g eq_viE EK n~Yv Egb, eq_vi AMvev wTg_g nwg_vF Eg]5 wEh fb EvYE _vagv Mw_`voEv bo ai Eg, A gn EvY _vagv eq_vig MviyF_

Egb Abs A_ f f `b| fy_gvs _vagv dxig bvnvgeq_vi SE f_ESEv|9

!

.

` YiFW! fvwi_ bv wiwl avfwo bm wdig fvS Mdobdo Egv (ivfx) Ezkgx bvnvg| A nw_ Evwkgdg nS

Eg dq| _vgv AE b]gg (fvwi_ Tvg) avfg AE avfMvFvax b]gg w`fb gL dq5 MvFvax b]g _v bvExgw`fbG SE hvq| ARvI Mvo-v` _vovg _gk `_ `vgvaE_wblqE `vovo FW Egv Abs `vovoE_ wblqE `vgva FW bwE]y iq| _vgv AE b]g fkg avfE `vovo Eg Abs

=

Mllmfm Mikullmh Wcusuj Mlg, [hb Hcly ]urm`? Bàl gsh trm`slmtgc` cj thb fbm`gàsm`k Ncffb`tmry, pp.=922-=92:9(E)Ibi wèva, Mvf-fxgv_zi ivbvGqxqv, L. 9, n. :4;5 (L)Mvàd Ibi `vPo, Mvo-ayfid,

L. =;, n. ;47, `vdxf? 88=45 (F)Ibi Ygxg Mv_-_vbvgx, _vgxLyg gfyo Gqvo ayo~E, L. >,n. =245 (@) Mvo-bvq`vEx, dvovwqoyi iybyGqv_ Gqv avwgkv_zMv`Gqvwo fvw`wbe ewgq_, L. 2,n. ;;7, `vdxf? 9=8;5 (C) Mvf-fy`vqox, Mvg-gvGhyo Mvikzkx egw`f fxgv_zi ivbvGqxqv wo-Ibwi wèva, L. 1, n. 24:


42/58

;=

ay`vggaE `vgva Eg wZE ngg b]g _vgv fkg avfE `vgvaEg Abs ay`vggaE `vovo Eg| ARvI ivfx| faq G EvoMvbw__ `q f wdig Mbvq nu]] h wdi Mvo-v`

Mvfavifa~` Abs haxi fw Egw]oi| MvEveaox G nwSbxgfwg wdi `_I Mvo-v`g wiER FWivq avf bvgwR, _im TvgwRwiwl avf5 w_iwR mvgvbvw`E hyo EvMvdv`, hyow`v, ay`vggva Gaydvg (Fvxg) gYb, hv Yyavdv G evbvig amb_x|=

?

?

.

fvbmvi! _vavdg n~bI Mvwa `vGh EvGfvg wiER nu]bv|Mivi ibxdg K_g _zoivq Mvavg Kv_g fsLv MwmE`Gqvg EvgW Mvwa FgbvwP_ `bv| fy_gvs MvavE ovqkov iv| Mvwa MiEg aywg EvgW `bv (MSvr Mvavg

fynvwgeg ko b aviyl ivYv_ ovj Egb)| Mvwa Mvo-v`gwiER dyMv Egb, ` njy! Mvavg Miyfvgxdggv Egi| w_wiKg bobi, Mvnwi Yvii iv Mvnivg a_yg ng _vgv dxigbnvg Ex mgig wbdMv_ fw Egw]o|9

!

.

` YiFW! fvbmvi! dxig bvnvg bvcvbvwc Egv iv| dxi wiqbvcvbvwcg ko_vavdg n~bb Yvw_ msf `qF]|>

dvvog Mvwbjvb

= (E) Ibi w`eva, Mvf-fxgv_zi ivbvGqxqv, L. 9, n. :4;5 (L) Ibi Efxg, Mvf-fxgv_zivGqvwbqv, L. ;, n. ;4>

9Ibi avYv`, Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n.=4=:, `vdxf? >421>Ibi avYv`, Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n. =448, `vdxf? >497


43/58

;9

?

.Mvo-v` Aai Evi ibx ngW Egiwi, whwi _uvg K_E f_E

Egiwi5 iy` Mv. Abs _uvg ngb_xibxFWG f_EEg]i| b__vavdg am (ay`vvd -Ag K_) f Mvwbj~_ `b _vg

wE]z oW _vavdg wiER Fvni SvE_ nvg, wE Mvo-v`g

@vlWv _vavdg wiER avRI Fvni iq| (gvf~oyo-v` ARv

w_i bvg booi)| wiq _vavg njyg AE TzM iq, nvg _vg (dvvog) Qvi TzM, dL_ ai `q hi bg `qncv Mvygg SvEv|=

EzgMvi G fyiv`? aywg nS

!

.

?

.

` avibox! Mvavg ESv evi! Mvwa Mvavg ESv nuw]qw]|Mvwa _vavdg wiER dywR bgL hvw], Aov dp_vg fvSMuvEc (MiyfgW Ego) mgo _vagv ELiv nS `b iv _v`o Mvo-v`g wE_vb G Mvavg fyiv_ (Yxbivde)| (w_gwahxgbWivqMv]) Mvwa _vavdg am Aai wYwif gL Fova hv

_vagv ahby_jvb mvgW (MiyfgW) Ego Mvavg ng _vagvELiv nS `b iv| Ag AEwR MngwRg _zoivq MwmEahvdvexo G g_n~W| Mvov`g wE_vb hv Mvfavi `_ Ywai

=Mvo-byLvgx, Mvf-f`x`, L. 2, n. =:1=11, `vdxf? ;;49


44/58

;>

nhnfvwg_ Abs Mvavg Mv`o bvq_ (nwgbvg-nwgYi)| AdyRv ELiv wbw]i`b iv EvK]vg ivaE ^Wvmvgvq Mvavg fvSwawo_ iv `Gqv nh| M_Ab _vagv o gvLb Mvavg ng

_vagv A dyRvg nw_ wEgn MvTgW Eg|=

?

.

witfd` fvdvEv_ Mvavg wiYg Yi, Mvavg nwgbvgbFgYi Abs Mvavg bsemgdg Yi Mbm| Pxq Kxg Eeg `_

AEwR Tzo `v_ mvgWn~bE w_wi boi, d@G GYi A nwgavWfvdvEv_G hwd F`W Egv `q, _v `o F`x_vg Gng Mvo-v`g

Mwjevn bwl_ `b|9

wiERv_xqg fvS fdvTgW

.

_vavdg av, _vavdg wn_v, _vavdg bvi, _vavdg jvI,_vavdg wiERv_xq Abs ngb_x wiERv_xqg fvS fdvTgW

Egb|>

.h fvi _vgwn_v b_x_ Mi EvgG iva bse f~ dvwb EgbwEsbv dvf-dvfx wiYg awib b_x_ Mi EvGE awib fvbEgb, _vg Gng wEqva_ nh Mvov`g ovi_ Abs fEowkwge_v G aviylg Mwjevn5 Mvo-v` _vg Evi iko wEsbv kgh(Ibvd_) EbyoEgbi iv|;

=(E) Ibi Lodyi, Mv_-_vgxL, L. 9, n. ;845 (L) Mv_-w_gwahx, Mvo-YvwaKo Ebxg 6 Mvf-fyivi, L. 2, n. ::>, `vdxf? >188

9Mvbdyg gvh&hvE Mvf-fviMvix, Mvo-ayfvivk, L. 7, n. ;1, `vdxf? =:>41>Mvi-ivfvqx, Mvo-ayY_vbv waivf-fyivi, L. 2, n. :=, `vdxf? 92>9;ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9, n. ==;1, `vdxf? 94 (=>14)


45/58

;;

wbel nvSivMvgvkvg wdig e dyMv Abs Mvwa G Mvavg n~bEvgibxFWg

KTvwg_ Ka bvWx `ov?

.

AE Mvo-v` b_x_ Mvg Evi Iov` iI| whwi AEE, hvg EviegxE G Msexdvg iI| gvY_-gvY _uvgI, `vad-w_ _uvgIAbs w_wiI fb wE]y_Ia_vbvi|=

.

AE Mvo-v` b_x_ Mvg Evi Iov` iI, whwi AEE, huvg EviegxE iI| _uvg Yi `vad, _uvgI Yi gvY Abs w_wiI fbwE]y_I a_vbvi| Iqv Mvo-v`! Mvavg TvL i~gg MvovEKvwf_ Egi5Mvavg EWEz`g i~g jg wdi| ` Mvo-v`! Mvavg

b Kiy G wbEwe_Eg wdi Abs Mvavg EvY f`Y Eg wdi|` Mvo-v`! Mvwa Mvnivg Ev] Mveq TvI aig EzaWv `_,EvY-Eag wbesLov `_, Ebgg wk_iv G ngxvg MEovW`_, gv_ hv Miynbe Eg _vg MEovW `_| bvqyhv TovToEg, _vg Mwi `_ Abs faq G EvoTg Mwi `_|9

=avwoE Ibi Mvivf, Mvo-ayGqvv, L. =, n. 248, `vdxf? =>=99 (E) Mvo-bvq`vEx, Mvd-dvGqv_zo Ebxg, L. 9, n. =:4, `vdxf? 2>15 (L) Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-

wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =7>=7;


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;2

.

` Mvo-v`! Mvnwi Mvavg ESv i_ nvi, Mvavg Mbvi dL_nvi, Mvavg Fvni G nEve wblq Yvii, Mvnivg Ev] MvavgEvi wblqI Fvni iq| Mvwa wbndF, Mjvbx, kwgqvdEvgx,MveqnvSx, jx_-f, nvn G Mngvmg PxEvgvwEvgx|Mvnivg fEve wafExidg ivq wjvnvSx, Mvnivg wiER `xidybog ivq EvEzw_-waiw_Evgx| ew_-nw__g ivq MvnivgEv] dyMv Egw]5 hvg Fdvi Mvnivg faxn Mbi_, hvg MeMvnivg Yi nbvw`_, hvg d` Mvnivg Ev] Mbiwa_, hvg ivE(ahvdv) Mvnivg Ev] myov oyw_| ` Mvo-v`! Mvnivg fEve

dyMvg Gqvwfovq MvavE, ` nw_nvoE! dyjvFv bvivbi iv,Mvavg nw_ `vi f`exo, dqvbvi, ` envSiv ebWEvgx! `e dv_v|=

.` Mvov`!MvnwiI evw(-Ag Krf)! Mvnivg wiER `_I evw

Mvf5 _vI fa gvLyi, ` Mvavdg nw_nvoE! MvavdgYxbiE evwaq Eg wdi| ` Mvo-v`! A @gg ahvdv-av`v_,fvi-nw_nw G n~W bw Egwdi|9

= (E) Mv_-_vbvgvix, Mvd-dyMv, n. 9;1, `vdxf? 1885 (L) Mv_-_vbvgvix, Mvd-dyMv, khoyMvevgv who w`v, avE_vbv_zo GagvIi Mvo-Iowaqv, Mve-evwgEv, fshy Mvgb Mvwagv_ (nSa

fsgW? =;94 w`. 6 =777 wL.), n. 21, `vdxf? 2;5 (L) Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqviwi`vqv, L. 2, n. =7;

9 (E) Mvo-bvq`vEx, Mvf-fyiviyo Ezbgv, L. 2, n. ==8, `vdxf? 79=>5 (L) Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =14


47/58

;:

.

` Mvo-v`! MvnivgI Yi `vad, Mvnwi hai boi, _ai AbsMvagv hai bwo _vg Tq Ka| ` Mvo-v`! MvnivgI YiMvavg fvov_, Mvavg Ezgbvix (Mvavg dw`E G MvwSE Ibvdv_)

Abs Mvavg Yxbi G agW Abs MvnivgI Yi ` nw_nvoE!Mvavg KgvwmEvg| Mvnivg Ev] egW nvSWv Ewg Ebgg Mvhvb`_, aig GqvfGqvfv Abs wbeLo Mbv`_| ` Mvov`!MvwaMvnivg Ev] Mveq nvSiv Ewg hyFg Toavi wk_iv`_|=

av @vlWv

!

?

?

!

?

.` YiFW! Mvavg wiER wYbgvNo Mvfoi Abs Mvo-v`g n`_ fvova ne Eg boi, Mvgvkv_ G nwbviMbviEvgxdg wR wbTyw_ Mvo-v` av Eg wdq]i| `hg_Gag Ibiyo Lvvb Yvi_ TvIoi| ARv Ex (Ebo)

Mvavdg wbel_3 gvf~oyo-v` boi, _vavdg Abs wEqva_

nhhvgv Mvgvkv_g aqdvi Mbvi Egb (`Y Egb) _vdgav Eg dGqv `b|9

=(E) Mv_-w_gwahx, Mvo-YvwaKo Ebxg 6 Mvf-fyivi, L. 2, n. 2>1, `vdxf? >2945 (L) IbiEvfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =7>

9Mvo-ayiwhgx, Mv_-_vgFxb Gqv_ _vg`xb, L. 9, n. =>4=>=, `vdxf? =17:


48/58

;1

P

?

?

!

?

.

`hg_ Mvbvf Ibi wagdvfSE bwW_, Mvgvkvg aqdviwbEogvf~oyov`K_g Yi bwe bwe av G evwgdyMvEgi Mvov`g dgbvg, Ag Ybvb _uvg M`x Mvf h, Mvwa _vEbyo Egw]_vdg nggg nw_ hyoya MivTvg b_x_| MvgMvavg Abs _vdg amEvgÈ fsvnvnfa~` Mvwa avk Egwdova| _Li gvf~oyov` boi, ` nw_nvoE! Mvnwi GIavhoyaE _vg winxwc_ `Gqvg nwgavWg Tq Ka wbwiaqwd_ Abs hvwoaE avk Eg wd_ nvgi| wE fI wbEo_uvg dyMv Ebyo Egv òv iv| ng ayhdvwokvg fEvo (de_vwgL) w_winyigvq dyMv Ego Mvo-v`_vMvov _vEbyo Egi,Mvwa _vdg avk Eg wdova|=

.

wiq Mvo-v` _vavdg n~Wbvi ovEdg avk Eg wdq]iAbs _vavdg ad ovEdg Yi jvov ovEdg

fynvwgeEvgxgn F`W fw_ wdq]i| gà_ Mb_wg_ `q

=Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =7;


49/58

;8

bv Eg kob5 M_tng fvgv nwSbx_ ]wcq nc wiYgwY`v G `v_ fsgWEvgx fEoEn_E _GbvEvgx Yi bw_`b| GI wdE Mvo-v` _uvg bvdvdg fvS Ex MvTgW Egi _v

dLvg Yi Iboxf G _vg dobo Mvgvkv_ Kn_Evq KdFxbgIo| hLi Mvov`g g`a_ (av) ivwho `q _Li Iboxf G _vgfv nv `vq agW `vq agW Eg_ Eg_ ]j `qFov|=

wbdvq `Yg faq Mvgvkv_g aqdvi wiav Mvqv_ ivwho `q?

MvY _vavdg Yi _vavdg dxi n~Wv Egova G _vavdgnw_ Mvavg MiyF` f~WEgova Abs IfovaE _vavdg dxi

aivix_ Egova|9

dvwq_nvoig fv

?

?

.

Mvavg bvnvg _vavdgE wYvfv Egv `b (bo _v) _vagv_Li Ex bob3 Knw_ ovEYi booi, Mvagv fv db h,

Mvnwi MbeI (Mvov`g bvWx) nuw]q wdq]i| Mvnwi(K_E) ifx`_ Eg]i Abs Mvnwi dvwq_(hSvhS Mvavi_)nvoi Eg]i| _Li gvf~oyov` _uvg _Yix MvEveg wdE

_zo Abs fab_ Yi_vg wdE ivwaq Iw_ Eg booi, `Mvov`! fvx SEv! ` Mvo-v`! fvx SEv! ` Mvo-v` fvxSEv|>

=Ibi Evfxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2, n. =729Mvo-EzgMvi, f~gv Mvo-avwqdv, 2?>

>(E) ayfwoa, Mvf-f`x`, L. 9, n. 874, `vdxf? =;1 (=9=8)5 (L) Ibi Mvbdyo bg, Mvd-dygvgkx ILw_fvwgo avFvhx Gqvf wfqvg, n. 9::5(F)Ibi Efxg, Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, L. 2,n. =:: G =87


50/58

;7

?

?

.

Yi gLv! Mvwa Ex nuw]qw]3 Mvwa Ex nuw]qw]3 Mvwa Exnuw]qw]3 ovEgv boo, uv| gvf~oyo-v`boi, ` Mvo-v`!fvx SEv5 ` Mvo-v`!fvx SEv5 ` Mvo-v`!fvx SEv|=

el ESvKnhyMvovTivg nvnR MvagvhwE wfvKnix_ `_

nvwg h, MvY SE dc `vYvg b]g MvF nd gvf~oyo-v` -Ag wbdvq`Yg jvlW w]o hyFvEvgx G bn-wbE|MvmywiE hyFg nvwgbvwgE,MvS-fvavwYE G gvYiw_E nwgnw_ A Hw_`vwfE jvlWg Mvbdi be_vrnhn~W| b_avi nvnR Mvagv hwd _uvgjvlWg wevov MiyfgWEwg _vò hyoyag Mbfvi `q avib Yxbig fb avivbvwmEvg,ivqwbTvg G Iifvk wiw_ `b| adxivq _uvg nw_w_ bFvxq Gbmaxq favY EvZvav_ h evw, faw G wigvnv wiw_ `qw]onwSbxg Mi Evi favY _vg ihxg nvGqv ayewEo| Mngvng mag

MiyfvgxFW n~W maxq, fvavwYE, MSiw_E G gvYiw_E MwmEvg ovjEg_ faS`q|gvf~oyov` -Ag wev G Mvdeg MiyfgW Lyovkvqgvwedxi h favY bbv Evqa Egi _v w]o nygvnywg avib_v G ivqIifvk-wijg| fw`z_v G fvdvwqE fxw_g h ihxg Ifovag a`vigvf~o dywiqvg byE vni Eg F]i, _vg MvovEweLv ALivnwSbx_ MwibvW|iybyGqv_x mvgvbvwÈ_vq fbel waei `hg_ ay`vd-Ag `v_ n~W_v ovj Eg| w_wi faE Know Egi h,avibvwmEvg, aviwbE MvTgW G ivqwbTvg Aai AE nTwo_ ixw_ hvgnqvF fy favYg fsgWg Yi Mnwg`vh| h o wiq w_wi dywiqvq

Mvwbj~_ ì, 9> b]g nvWvEg nqvf Tvwoq w_wi _v EvhEg EgifvSEjvb| _uvg Knvwn_ Yxbi bbv avib Yxbig fb fbwdEwdq Iifvk nw_vg wiqvaE G TvwoEv ew| Yxbig fbIifvwiq_ G ivq ngvqW_vg g_Mnwg`vh| EvgW aviwbE a~obvm GivqwbTvg ]vcv avibYxbig Evi evw-eLov, wigvnv G faw

=Ibi avYv`, Mvf-fyivi, L. 9, n. =4=2, `vdxf? >422


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24

nw_v ovj Eg_ nvg iv| aviwbE ahvdvbvm G nvgwgE dvwq_bvmA Wg EvgWI fw `q| wiYg MwmEvg fsgWg nvevnvwe favYg

Mngvng fdfdg MwmEvgg nw_ fT_i SvEv Yggx, hv_ EvgG nw_

hi hyoya iv `q| avib_vg wbnhq wbz wbe nwgww__ dywiqv GMvwLgv_g fvwbE EovWg o wbeibx nd wbdvq `Yg jvlWgMiyexoi nwSbxE MvbvdhvF, fydg G nxw_aq Eg Fc _zo_ nvg|


52/58

2=

Fnw\Mv\

=.

Mvo-EzgMvi Mvo-Egxa9. Mvby dvKd ? Mvby dvKd, fyovqavi Ibiyo MveMvf Ibi If`vE

Ibi bweg Mvo-Mvhdx Mvf-wfwYf_vix (949912 w`.6 8=1887 wL.), Mvf-fyivi, Mvo-avE_vbv_zo

Mvfwgqv, bqg_, obivi(=;9= w`. 6 9444 wL.)>. Mvo-Mvoyfx ? Mvbyf fviv, we`vbyxi, avàyd Ibi Mvbdyov` Mvo-

fvIix Mvov-Mvo~fx (=9=1=914 w`. 6 =849=82;

wL.), go avMvix kx _vkfxwgo EzgMvwio MvhxaGqvf-fvbKo avfvix, dvgo Ez_zb Mvo-Iowaqv,bqg_, obivi (=;=2 w`. 6 =77; wL.)

;. Mvàd Ibi `vPo ?Mvby Mvbdyov`, Mvàd Ibi ay`vd Ibi `vPo Ibiwòvo Ibi Mvfvd Mve-evqbvix (=:;9;= w`. 6184822 wL.), Mvo-ayfid, ayMvf&wffv_zg wgfvov,

bqg_, obivi (nSa fsgW? =;9= w`. 6 9444 wL.)2. Mvàd hEx fvk_ ? Mvàd hEx fvk_ (=>===>72 w`. 6 =87>=712

wL.), Yva`vgv_zLy_vwbo Mvgb kx Mvf~wgo MvgvwbqvMvh-hvw`gv, Mvo-avE_vbv_zo Iowaqv, bqg_, obivi

\I\:. Ibi Mvbdyo bvg ?MvbyGag, IKfyk Ibi Mvbdyov` Ibi ay`vd Ibi

Mvbdyo bvg Mvi-ivavgx Mvo-Ezg_zbx (>:8;:> w`. 6781=41= wL.), Mvd-dygvg kx ILw_fvwgo avFvhx

Gqvf wfqvg, dvgo avMvwgk, Evqgv, wafg (w_xqfsgW? =;4> w`. 6 =78> wL.)1.

Ibi Evfxg ? Mvbyo wkdv, Iavdyxi, IfavNo Ibi Gag IbiEvfxg Mvo-Ezgvex (14=11; w`. 6 =>49=>1>wL.), _vkfxgo EzgMvwio Mvhxa, dvgo Ez_zb Mvo-Iowaqv, bqg_, obivi (=;=7 w`. 6 =778 wL.)

8. Ibi Evfxg ? Mvbyo wkdv, Iavdyxi, IfavNo Ibi Gag Ibi

Evfxg Mvo-Ezgvex (14=11; w`. 6 =>49=>1>wL.), Mvo-wbdvqv Gqvi wi`vqv, dvg IqvÌqvwq__zgvf Mvo-Mvgvbx, bqg_, obivi (nSa fsgW?=;48 w`. 6 =788 wL.)

7. Ibi Efxg ? Mvbyo wkdv, Iavdyxi, IfavNo Ibi Gag IbiEvfxg Mvo-Ezgvex (14=11; w`. 6 =>49=>1>


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29

wL.), Mvf-fxgv_zivGqvwbqv, dvgo avwgkv wo_-_vbvMv Gqvi ivevg, bqg_, obivi (=>72 w`. 6=71: wL.)

=4.Ibi EvIwqa Mvo-YGwhqv? ay`vd Ibi MvbybEg Ibi MvIqyb Ibi fvd

Mvo-YGwhqv (:7=12= w`. 6 =979=>24 wL.),hvdyo avMvd kx `vdwq LvIwgo Ibvd, ayMvf&wffv Mvg-wgfvov, bqg_, obivi (fde fsgW? =;=2 w`. 6=77; wL.)

==.Ibi Lvodyi ? Mvby hvqd, MoxKxi, Mvbdyg gàvi Ibi ay`vdIbi ay`vd Ibi Lvodyi Mvo-Lvhgax Mvo-Iebxox(1>9848 w`. 6 =>>9=;4: wL.), dxGqviyo

ayb_vdv Gqvo Lbg kx _vgxwLo Mvgb Gqvo bvgbvgGqv wai Mvwfwgwà wai hvGqxe evwio MvEbg 6_vgxLy Ibwi Lvodyi, dvgo wkEg, bqg_, obivi(nSa fsgW? =;48 w`. 6 =788 wL.)

=9.Ibi Lyhvqav ? evqLyo Ifova, Mvby bEg, ay`vd Ibi If`vE IbiLyhvqav Ibiyo ayFxgv Ibi fvwo` Ibi bEg Mvf-fyovax

Mvi-wievnygx Mve-evwkqx (99>>== w`. 6 8>879>wL.), Mvf-f`x`, Mvo-avE_vbyo Ifovax, bqg_,

obivi=>.Ibi Yvgxg Mv_-_vbvgx ? Mvby Yvkg, ay`vd Ibi Yvgxg Ibi

Iqvhxd Ibi Fvwob Mv_-_vbvgx (99;>=4 w`. 68>779> wL.), _vgxLyg gfyo Gqvo ayo~E 6 _vgxLy__vbvgx, dvg_ _zgvf, bqg_, obivi (=>81 w`. 6=7:1 wL.)

=;.Ibi avYv` ? Ibi avYv`, Mvby Mvbdyov`, ay`vd Ibi Iqvhxd

Mvg-gbvqx Mvo-EvhGqxix (94791> w`. 689;881 wL.), Mvf-fyivi, dvg IqvÌqvwqo Ez_zbMvo-Mvgvwbqv,bqg_, obivi

=2.Ibi fvIwqdyi ivf ? Mvb~o kv_v`, kv_vxi, Ibi fvIwqdyi ivf, ay`vdIbi ay`vd Ibi ay`vd Ibi Mvàd Mvo-IqvavgxMvg-wgbqx (:1=1>; w`. 6 =91>=>>; wL.),Kq~iyo Mvfg kxo avFvhx Gqve-evavwqo Gqvf wfqg,

dvgo Eoa,bqg_, obivi (=;=; w`. 6 =77> wL.)=:.Ibi fvd ? Mvby Mvbdyov`, ay`vd Ibi fvd Ibi avix Mvh-hy`gx Mvo-`vweax Mvo-bvfvgx Mvo-bFdvdx (=:89>4w`. 6 18;8;2 wL.), Mv_-_vbvEv_zo Ezbgv,avE_vbv_zo LviYx, Evqgv, wafg(nSa fsgW? =;99w`. 6 944= wL.)


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2>

=1.Ibi w`bvi ? Mvby`vw_a, ay`vd Ibi w`bvi Ibi Mvàd IbiayMvh Ibi avbd Mv_-_vqax Mvd-dvwgax Mvo-bf_x(444>2; w`. 6 4447:2 wL.), Mvf-f`x` 6 Mvo-I`fvi kx _Egxwb f`x` Ibwi w`bvi, ayMvf&wffv_zg

wgfvov, bqg_, obivi (nSa fsgW? =;48 w`. 6=788 wL.)=8.Ibi wèva ? Mvbyay`vd, Yvavo Kxi, Mvbdyo avwoE Ibi wèva

Ibi MvIqyb Mvo-avqgx Mvo-avMvwkgx (4449=>w`. 6 444898 wL) Mvf-fxgv_zi ivbvGqxqv, aykvMvobvbx Mv f nvbwowes Mv wnwRs Fn, `vov b,wafg (w_xq fsgW? =>12 w`. 6 =722 wL.)

\E\=7.Mvo-Evf&_vovix ? Mvàd Ibi ay`vd Ibi Mvby bEgIbi MvbdyoavwoE Mvo-Evf&_vovix Mvo-wafgx (82=79> w`. 6=;;8=2=1 wL.), Mvo-avGqvw`byo oydywiqv wbo-aviwò ay vvwdqv, Mvo-avE_vbv Mv_-_vGkxwEqv,

Evqgv, wafg94.Evhx Mvqvh ? Mvbyo kho, Evhx, Mvqvh Ibi ayfv Ibi Mvqvh Ibi

Mvagi Mvo-Iqv`fvbx (;1:2;; w`. 6 =48>==;7wL), Mve-wekv wb-_vgxwk EwEo ay vkv, dvgowkEg, dvwa, wfwgqv (=;47 w`. 6 =788 wL.)

9=.

Mvo-Ezg_zbx ? Mvby Mvbdyo-v`, evafyxi, ay`vd Ibi Mvàd IbiMvbybEg Ibi kvgv` Mvo-Mvifvgx Mvo-LvhgvYx Mvo-Ezg_zbx (:44:1= w`. 6 =94;=91> wL.) Mvo-Yvwawo-MvÈvwao EzgMvi, dvgo Ez_zb Mvo-wafwgqv,

Evqgv, wafg (=>8; w`. 6 =7:; wL.)99.

Mvo-Ezhvqx ? Mvby Mvbdyov`, ay`vd Ibi fvovav Ibi YvkgIbi Mvox Ibi `vEa~i Mvo-Ezhvqx Mvo-wafgx(444;2; w`. 6 444=4:9 wL), ayfidye we`vb,

ayMvf&wffv_zg wgfvov, bqg_, obivi (w_xq fsgW?=;41 w`. 6 =78: wL.)

9>.EzgvKi iva&o ? Mvbyo `vfvi, Mvox Ibiyo fvIi Mvo-ivqx Mvo-Mvhvdx, EzgvKi iva&o (444>47 w`. 6 44479=

wL.), Mvo-ayivvd wko oyFv`, Mvwoayo wE_vb,Evqgv, wafg (w_xq fsgW? =;48 w`. 6 =788 wL.)

\Y\9;.

Mvf-Yvw`h ? Mvby Kfavi, Mvag Ibi bv`vg Ibi av`b~b Mvo-wEivix Mvo-ovqfx Mvo-Yvw`h (=:>922 w`. 6


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2;

1848:7 wL.), Mvo-bqvi Gqv_ _vbqxi, dvg GavE_vbv_zo wòvo, bqg_, obivi (nSa fsgW?=;9> w`. 6 944> wL.)

\_\92.

Mv_-_vbvgvix ? Mvbyo Evwfa, fyovqavi Ibi Mvàd Ibi MvIqybIbi a_xg Mvo-ovLax Mve-evax Mv_-_vbvgvix(9:4>:4 w`. 6 81>71= wL.), Mvd-dyMv, dvgo

Ez_zb Mvo-Iowaqv, bqg_, obivi (nSa fsgW?=;=> w`. 6 =779 wL.)

9:.Mv_-_vbvgvix ? Mvbyo Evwfa, fyovqavi Ibi Mvàd Ibi MvIqybIbi a_xg Mvo-ovLax Mve-evax Mv_-_vbvgvix

(9:4>:4 w`. 6 81>71= wL.), Mvo-ayYvayoEvbxg,avE_vbv_z Ibi _vqwaqv, Evqgv, wafg (w_xq

fsgW? =;=2 w`. 6 =77; wL.)91.Mv_-_vbvgvix ? Mvbyo Evwfa, fyovqavi Ibi Mvàd Ibi MvIqyb

Ibi a_xg Mvo-ovLax Mve-evax Mv_-_vbvgvix(9:4>:4 w`. 6 81>71= wL.), khoyMvevgv whow`v, avE_vbv_zo GagvIi Mvo-Iowaqv, Mve-evwgEv,

fshy Mvgb Mvwagv_ (nSa fsgW? =;94 w`. 6=777 wL.)98.Mv_-w_gwahx ? ay`vd Ibi Nfv Ibi fvGgv Ibi ayfv Ibiyh

hv`&`vE Mvf-fyovax Mvh-hgxg Mvo-byFx Mv_-w_gwahx(947-917 w`. 6 89;879 wL.), Mvo-YvwaKo Ebxg6 Mvf-fyivi, aykv Mvobvbx Mv f nvbwowes Mv

wnwRs Fn, `vovb, wafg (w_xq fsgW? =>72 w`. 6

=712 wL.)\d\

97.Mvd-dvwgax ? Mvby ay`vd, Mvbdyov` Ibi Mvbdyg gàvi Ibiyokho Ibi bv`gva Mvd-dvwgax Mv_-_vaxax Mvf-fvavgEdx (=8=922 w`. 6 1718:7 wL.), Mvf-fyivi 6 Mvo-ayfid, dvgo ayFix, wgqvd, fvKdx Mvgb(nSa fsgW? =;=9 w`. 6 9444 wL.)

\b\>4.Mvo-boqvGqx ? Mvbyo kho, Mvbdyo `vkxh Mvo-boqvGqx

(444=>7= w`. 6 444=71= wL.), wafbvo oyFv_,avE_vbvq Ezdwfqv, ov`vg, nvwEvi (=;94 w`. 6=777 wL.)


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22

>=.

Mvo-bvq`vEx ?Mvby bEg, Mvàd Ibiyo fvIi Ibi Mvox Ibi ayfvMvo-Mvo-LyfgvwYgdx Mvo-Lygvfvix Mvo-bvq`vEx(>8;;28 w`. 6 77;=4:: wL.), Mvd-dvGqv_zoEbxg, wFgvf woi-iveg Gqv_-_vGhx, Ezq_ (nSa

fsgW? =;47 w`. 6 =787 wL.)>9.

Mvo-byLvgx ? w`bgo Ifova,MvbyMvbdyov`, ay`vd Ibi IfavNoIbi Ibgv`xa Ibiyo ayFxgv Mvo-byLvgx (=7;92: w`.6 8=4814 wL.), Mvo-YvwaKo ayfid Mvf-f`x`Mvo-ayL_vfvg wai Ka~wg gvf~woovw` Gqv fyivwiw`Gqv MvIqvwaw` 6 Mvf-f`x`, dvg _GwEi ivYv_(nSa fsgW? =;99 w`. 6 944= wL.)

\a\>>.avwoE Ibi Mvivf ? Iava dvgo w`Ygv, Mvby Mvbdyov`, avoE Ibi

Mvivf Ibi avwoE Mvo-Mvfbv`x Mvo-wàqvgx(7>=17 w`. 6 1=9172 wL.), Mvo-ayGqvv,

ayMvf&wffv_zg wgfvov, bqg_, obivi (=;=9 w`. 6=77= wL.)

>;.ayk_x ay vd ekx ? ayk_xq Mvha, ay`vd ekx Ibi Iqvfxi Ibi

Loxkv _v`fxi Mvox Ibi waqvYx Iava Mvox IbiwaqvYx `vwkY Egxayov` Ibi waqvYx Lvqgov` IbiwaqvYx Egov` Gfavix (=>=;=>72 w`. 6=871=71: wL.), avMvwgkzo EzgMvi, Idvgv_zo

avMvwgk, EgvwT, nvwEvi (=;4> w`. 6 =788 wL.)>2.ayfwoa ? Mvbyo `vfvi, ayfwoa Ibiyo `vvYIbi ayfwoa Mvo-

Ezgvqex Mvi-wievnygx (94;9:= w`. 6 894812

wL.), Mvo-ayfidyf f`xwò ayL_vfvg wb-ivEwooMvdwo Mvwio Mvdwo Iov gvf~woov` 6 Mvf-f`x`, dvg IqvÌqvwq_ _zgvf Mvo-Mvgbx, bqg_,obivi

>:.ay`vd Ibi Mvbdyo Gqv &`vb? Iava, ayYvwd, ay`vd Ibi Mvbdyo Gqv &`vbIbi fyovqavi Mv_-_vaxax Mvi-iYdx (===2=94:w`. 6 =14>=179 wL.), ayL_vfvg fxgvw_g gvf~o

, Mvo-Gqvhvgv_ze Bwio Ifovwaqv Gqvo MvGEvkGqvd dvGqv_ Gqvo Igevd, fKwd Mvgb (nSafsgW? =;=8 w`. 6 =778 wL.)

>1.ay`vd gexd ghv ? ay`vd gexd Ibi Mvox Ibi wghv Ibi ay`vdevafyxi Ibi ay`vd bv`vKxi Ibi ayiov MvoxLoxkv Mvo-Evoa~ix Mvo-fvIix (=989=>2; w`. 6


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2:

=8:2=7>2 wL.), EzEzi wifv wko Ifova Gqvw`h&hyiv waivo Ifovwò ay vdx Mvo-Mva, Mvo-

avE_vbyo Ifovax, bqg_, obivi (=;4; w`. 6 =78;wL.)

\e\>8.webox iyavix ? ay`vd webox Ibiy `vbxb Mvi-iyavix, fxgv_zibx

(=91;=>>9 w`. 6 =821=7=> wL.) IdvgvqIfovwaqv_, ov`vg, nvwEvi (w_xq fsgW? =;9>w`. 6 9449 wL.)

\f\

>7.

Mvf-fyqy_x ? Yvovo Kxi, Mvbyo kho, Mvbdyg gàvi Ibi MvbybEg Mvf-fyqy_x (8;77== w`. 6 =;;2=242 wL.),Mvd-dyg&go aif~g kx_ _vkfxg wbo-avf~g, dvgo

wkEg, bqg_, obivi;4.Mvf-fyqy_x ? Yvovo Kxi, Mvbyo kho, Mvbdyg gàvi Ibi Mvby

bEg Mvf-fyqy_x (8;77== w`. 6 =;;2=242 wL.),Mvo-Lvfvwqfyo Ezbgv, dvgo Ez_zb Mvo-Iowaqv,

bqg_, obivi

;=.

Mvf-fy`vqox ? Mvbyo Evwfa, Mvbdyg gàvi Ibi Mvbdyov` IbiMvàd Mvo-LvfMvax Mvf-fy`vqox (24828= w`. 6===;==82 wL.), Mvg-gvGhyo Ki~k kx egw`ffxgv_zi ivbvGqxqv wo-Ibwi wèva, dvg IqvÌqvwq_

_zgvf Mvo-Mvgvbx, bqg_, obivi (nSa fsgW?=;9= w`. 6 9444 wL.)

\`\;9.Mvo-`vqfvax ? Mvbyo `vfvi, iygxi, Mvox Ibi Mvby bEg Ibifyovqavi Mvo-`vqfvax Mvo-Evw`gx Mvo-wafgx(1>2841 w`. 6 =>>2=;42 wL.), EvekzoMvf_vg Mvi hvGqvwqwdo bvh&hvg, ayMvf&wffv Mvg-

wgfvov, bqg_, obivi (nSa fsgW? =>77 w`. 6=717 wL.)

;>.

Mvo-`vqfvax ? Mvbyo `vfvi, iygxi, Mvox Ibi Mvby bEg Ibifyovqavi Mvo-`vqfvax Mvo-Evw`gx Mvo-wafgx(1>2841 w`. 6 =>>2=;42 wL.), avYavKhhvGqvwqd Gqv avibvKo kvGqvwqd, avE_vbv_zo

Ezdfx, Evqgv, wafg(=;=; w`. 6 =77; wL.)


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farewell sermon of the prophet (saw)

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