farm mechanization planning and machinery selection for conservation practices

7/23/2019 Farm Mechanization Planning and Machinery Selection for Conservation Practices

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Farm mechanization planningFarm mechanization planningand machinery selection forand machinery selection forconservation practicesconservation practices

Ajay Kumar Roul

Scientist, AMD, CIAE


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What is Mechanization?

Mechanization is augmenting human capacity ith

machine to enhance!"ro#uction

"rocessing

$ransportation, an#

Mar%eting o& agricultural pro#ucts


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Why Mechanization "lanning?

$o reasons!

' Machinery #esign(mo#i&ication$o #esign )or mo#i&y e*isting+ machines to suit our

con#itions

- Machinery Management

$o properly manage &arm e.uipment


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/arm Machinery &or conser0ation

practices

Include equipment for:1 $illage )zero(minimum+

1 "lanting

1 Wee#ing

1 /ertilizer application

1 "estici#e application1 2ar0esting


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$he 3asics o& crop pro#uction in

conser0ation agriculture

$iming o& operations See# placement an# see#4soil contact

Appropriate le0els o& &ertilizer

Wee# control 5oo# rotation-


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Consi#erations &or 3uying(mo#i&ying

CA machinery

Soil con#ition

E*pecte# stu33le loa#s E*pecte# ee# spectrum

Crop types an# rotations

Area to 3e son annually

$ype o& operation )e-g- mi*e# &arming 0s

continuous cropping+-


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Disc planter 0s tyne planter

Disc planters pro0i#e a num3er o& a#0antages

o0er tyne see#ers!1 Stu33le han#ling

1 2igher operation spee#s

1 6oer #ra&t-

Disa#0antage o& #isc planter!1 6ac% o& penetration in har# soils-


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$yne planter

$yne spacing

$yne 3rea%out pressure

$yne shape

"oint type

"ress heel


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Machinery Management

This refers to efficient:'- Selection

- 7peration

8- Repair an# maintenance, an#

9- Replacement o& machinery


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Machinery Selection

This involves:

'- Selection o& optimum num3er(size o& e.uipment

- Consi#eration o& ac.uisition option


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Selection o& :um3er an# Size

This involves: Capacity selection

Matching machine size to allotte# or%ing #ays an# hours

"oer selectionMatching ne(e*isting tractors ith ne(e*isting e.uipment

6east cost selectionMachine hich results in loest annual unit cost consi#eringtimeliness


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/actors $hat A&&ect the Size o&

Machinery :ee#e#

:um3er o& Crop Acres

6a3our Supply $illage "ractices

Crop Mi*

Weather Ris% Management

"lanting an# 2ar0esting Dates


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2ours o& ;se

2o many hours ill this piece o& e.uipment2o many hours ill this piece o& e.uipment

3e nee#e# per year?3e nee#e# per year?1 2istorical #ata2istorical #ata

1 In a3sence o& historical #ata, calculate theIn a3sence o& historical #ata, calculate the

&olloing &or reasona3le estimates!&olloing &or reasona3le estimates!

Machinery rate# in hectare per hourMachinery rate# in hectare per hour


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Size - Field Capacity:Size - Field Capacity:How many acres can this piece of equipment cover in an hour?How many acres can this piece of equipment cover in an hour?

/iel# Capacity!/iel# Capacity! /ist step in machinery selection is to #etermine &iel# capacity in acres/ist step in machinery selection is to #etermine &iel# capacity in acres

per hour &or each size a0aila3leper hour &or each size a0aila3le

minimum implement i#th then can 3e &oun# 3y in0erting the &ormulaminimum implement i#th then can 3e &oun# 3y in0erting the &ormula&or &iel# capacity&or &iel# capacity

Field capacity=Widthspeedfielde fficiency conversion factor

Area to coverField capacity needed

Days available hours of field time per day=


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atchin! Tractor "ower and Implement

Size

PTO

D W SP

3! conversion factor

=


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7nership Costs 4 /i*e#

Costs associate# ith oning a &i*e# input orCosts associate# ith oning a &i*e# input orresourceresource

7nership costs 3egin ith the purchase o& a piece7nership costs 3egin ith the purchase o& a pieceo& e.uipment an# continue &or as long as the pieceo& e.uipment an# continue &or as long as the pieceo& e.uipment is one#o& e.uipment is one#

1 Cannot 3e a0oi#e#, until machine is sol#Cannot 3e a0oi#e#, until machine is sol#

$hese costs are incurre# e0en i& the input is not use#$hese costs are incurre# e0en i& the input is not use#

Costs inclu#eCosts inclu#e #epreciation$ Interest$ Ta%es$#epreciation$ Interest$ Ta%es$Insurance$ Housin!$ and &easin!Insurance$ Housin!$ and &easin!


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6easing6easing

Some machinery is not one#, 3ut un#erSome machinery is not one#, 3ut un#er

long4term lease agreementslong4term lease agreements $his lease payment shoul# 3e inclu#e# as an$his lease payment shoul# 3e inclu#e# as an

onership costonership cost


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7perating Costs 4 Costs inclu#e> 'epairs$ Fuel ( &u)rication$ &a)or$'epairs$ Fuel ( &u)rication$ &a)or$

Custom Hire or 'ent$ and *therCustom Hire or 'ent$ and *ther


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$imeliness Costs

2i##en cost

Relate# ith planting an# har0esting #ates


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$otal Machinery Costs


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Custom HireCustom Hire

;sually &i*e# rate per acre, hour, or %g yiel#;sually &i*e# rate per acre, hour, or %g yiel#

;sually, cheaper to use custom hire i& use#;sually, cheaper to use custom hire i& use#only &or lo le0els o& useonly &or lo le0els o& use

More e*pensi0e i& custom hire use# &or highMore e*pensi0e i& custom hire use# &or high

le0els o& usele0els o& use


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+rea, ven+rea, ven

rea% E0en point is point here it is in#i&&erent to on orrea% E0en point is point here it is in#i&&erent to on orcustom hirecustom hire

- E- is the 3rea%4e0en units, acre>- E- is the 3rea%4e0en units, acre>

/ is the annual &i*e# costs,/ is the annual &i*e# costs, `>>< is the 0aria3le costs per unit o& operation,< is the 0aria3le costs per unit o& operation, `(acre>(acre>

S is the custom hiring charge per unit,S is the custom hiring charge per unit, `(acre(acre

"#

VS

FEB

=


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%ample:%ample:

1 I& onership costs o& machine isI& onership costs o& machine is `'@,B(yr, an#'@,B(yr, an#0aria3le costs are0aria3le costs are `B(acre, an# it costsB(acre, an# it costs `B(acreB(acre

to ha0e the operation custom hire, 3rea% e0en pointto ha0e the operation custom hire, 3rea% e0en pointoul# 3e!oul# 3e!

I& machine ere use# &or less than 9 acres, it isI& machine ere use# &or less than 9 acres, it ischeaper to custom hirecheaper to custom hire

I& the machine ere use# &or more than 9 acre, It isI& the machine ere use# &or more than 9 acre, It ischeaper to on the e.uipmentcheaper to on the e.uipment

$!%&'%($

&)' )'=


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achinery 'eplacement

.n equipment may )e replaced due to:/0 achine a!in!

a- 73solescence:e mo#els ith greater capacity an#(or e&&iciency e*ist

3- Relia3ility

Machine no longer #epen#a3le

c- Wear4out

:o longer per&orms its jo3 e0en hen it is repaire#

10 Farm size or crop chan!es

20 conomic or least cost point


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.cquisition *ption

.cquisition options may include:

'- Cash purchase- /inance purchase

8- 6ease

9- Rent

- Custom hire@- Sharing or pooling


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END

Thank you

farm mechanization planning and machinery selection for conservation practices

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