farming in developing countries introduction to farming vocabulary
TRANSCRIPT
FARMING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Introduction to farming vocabulary
4
1 2
3
5 6 To plough
To plant
Crops
To harvest
To store
To sell
tea
monoculture
basket
to pick
FARMING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Types of farming in developing countries
There are three main kinds of farming indeveloping countries:
• Subsistence agriculture
• Intensive subsistence farming
• Tropical plantations
Subsistence agriculture
• Subsistence cycle– natural hazards– growing population– famine
• Low output and investment• Low technology• Whole family producing for
itself• Africa, Asia, America• Several crops ( legumes,
tubers....)
Intensive subsistence farming• Populated areas• Intensive farming• Great output • Low technology and
investment• Whole family or community
producing for itself• Lots of workers• SE Asia (China, India)• Monoculture (rice)• Great improvements after
Green revolution
Tropical plantations• Commercial agriculture• Exportation (multinationals)• Great output• Great investment • Low machinery • Lots of workers (salary
earners)• America, Africa, Asia• Monoculture (coffee, tea,
cocoa)• Heritage from colonial times
FARMING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Features and problems
Features
• Agriculture (arable and pastoral) is the main economic activity in LEDCs (about 70% of workers).
• Subsistence agriculture (extensive and intensive). Low output
• Commercial agriculture in tropical plantations is for exportation.
• Monoculture and several crops• Low technology and investment (except in
plantations)
Problems
• Poverty trap in subsistence agriculture
LOW OUTPUT
LOW INVESTMENT
NO SURPLUSNO CAPITAL
LOW LEVEL TECHNOLOGY
Problems
• Famine in Africa• Pressure on the land due to growth of
population. Low output and exhausted soils• Green revolution (GR) and GM crops have
improved outputs, mainly in rice crops; but population growth in SE Asia is higher than output growth. Many farmers can’t afford the investments required (machinery, fertilisers...) and they migrate to the cities.
Problems
• In tropical areas the most fertile lands are used for plantations (exportation) and provide employment in LEDCs. But the salary is low and workers haven’t enough money to live. On the other hand, other farmers have to cultivate less fertile land. As a result of that, there is not enough food and famine occurs in many places (mainly in Africa)