fast: a faceted application of subject terminology classification crosswalks workshop joint...
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FAST: A Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
FAST: A Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
Classification Crosswalks WorkshopJoint Conference on Digital Libraries
June 28, 2001Presented by Ed O’Neill
Background Background
Enormous volume and rapid growth of resources available on the World Wide Web.
Emergence of numerous metadata schemes have spurred a re-examination of the way subject data is to be provided for web resources efficiently and effectively.
Metadata Metadata
SimplicitySimplicity refers to the usability by non-catalogers to allow the creation of metadata records by persons not necessarily trained in sophisticated methods of bibliographic control.
Semantic interoperabilitySemantic interoperability enables users to search across discipline boundaries and, desirably, also across information retrieval and storage systems.
ALCTS/SAC/Subcommittee: Requirements ALCTS/SAC/Subcommittee: Requirements
Be simple and easy to apply and to comprehend,
Be intuitive so that sophisticated training in subject indexing and classification, while highly desirable, is not required in order to implement,
Be logical so that it requires the least effort to understand and implement,
Be scalable for implementation from the simplest to the most sophisticated.
Options for Metadata Options for Metadata
We are limited to three basic choices in selecting an indexing/subject heading schema for metadata:
The use an existing schema(s),
Adapt or modify an existing schema.
Develop new schema(s),
Objective of FAST ProjectObjective of FAST Project
Develop a new subject heading schema based on LCSH suitable for metadata which is easier to use, understand, and maintain.
Minimized the need to construct headings, Simplify the syntax, Retain the richness of the vocabulary.
Simplify the Complex Syntax and RulesSimplify the Complex Syntax and Rules
FAST TeamFAST Team
Ed O’Neill, OCLC
Diane Vizine-Goetz, OCLC
Kerre Kammerer, OCLC
Eric Childress, OCLC
Rebecca Dean, OCLC
Lois Mai Chan, University of Kentucky
Lynn El-Hoshy, Library of Congress
Synergy Synergy
ALCTS/SACALCTS/SAC
OCLCOCLC Library ofCongressLibrary ofCongress
Advantages of LCSHAdvantages of LCSH Rich vocabulary covering all subject areas,
It has the strong institutional support of the Library of Congress,
Synonym and homograph control,
Has been extensively used by libraries, contained in millions of bibliographic records,
Has a long and well-documented history.
Card FormatCard Format
Originally created for card catalogs—a 3x5 card environment,
Pre-coordinated
vocabulary,
Design limits number
of entries.
Originally created for card catalogs—a 3x5 card environment,
Pre-coordinated
vocabulary,
Design limits number
of entries.
Coverage of LCSH Topical Authority FileCoverage of LCSH Topical Authority File
Coverage of Geographic Authority FileCoverage of Geographic Authority File
Established2%
Not Established; Not used by LC
73%
Not Established; Used by LC
25%
Patterns SubdivisionsPatterns Subdivisions
Pattern subdivisions, like free-floats, are subdivisions which have general application. However, the scope of patterns is limited to particular types (patterns) of headings.
Patients is one of several hundred subdivisions that can be used with headings for individual or types of diseases and other medical conditions …
Combining Pattern SubdivisionsCombining Pattern Subdivisions
is an established heading, is covered by the disease pattern, is authorized under the pattern for diseases
becomes a class of persons,
is authorized under the pattern for classes of persons.
FAST RequirementsFAST Requirements Usable by people with minimal training and
experience,
Enables a broad range of users to assign subject terminology to web resources: – Bibliographers– Faculty– Reference staff
Amenable to automated authority control,
Compatibility with use as embedded metadata,
Focus on making use of LCSH as a post-coordinate system in an online environment.
FacetsFacets
Topical
Personal Names
Corporate Names
Conference/Meetings
Uniform Titles
Geographic
—
Form
Period
FACET: TopicalFACET: Topical
LCSH main headings from topical headings (650),
All associated general ($x) subdivisions from any type of LCSH heading,
Period subdivisions containing topical aspects from any type of LCSH heading,
All topical headings will be established in an authority file.
FAST: Topical HeadingsFAST: Topical Headings
Industrial project management—Data processing.Colombian poetryBlacksmithing—History.Epic literature—History and criticism.Pets and travelQuartets (Pianos (2), percussion)Natural gas pipelines—Economic aspectsSchool psychologistsBlood banksLoudspeakers—Design and construction
Geographic name will be established and applied in indirect order, [Ohio—Columbus not Columbus (Ohio)],
First level geographic names will be limited to names from the Geographic Area Codes table (e.g., Ohio, France, Great Lakes, etc.)
Other names will be entered as subdivisions under the smallest first level name in which it is fully contained (North America—Maya Forest)
Qualifiers are only be used to identify the type of geographic name (Kingdom, Satellite, Duchy, Princely State, etc.).
All geographic headings will be established in an authority file.
FACET: GeographicFACET: Geographic
Charlevoix Search ExampleCharlevoix Search Example
Charlevoix (LCSH headings)Charlevoix (LCSH headings)Charlevoix (Mich.)Charlevoix (Quebec)Charlevoix County (Mich.)Charlevoix County (Quebec)Charlevoix Harbor (Mich.)Charlevoix Region (Mich.)Charlevoix Region (Quebec)Charlevoix Site (Mich.)Charlevoix, Lake (Mich.)Charlevoix-Est (Quebec : Regional County Municipality)Charlevoix-Est (Quebec)Charlevoix-Est County (Que.)Charlevoix-Est County (Quebec)Charlevoix-Ouest (Quebec)Charlevoix-Ouest County (Que.)Charlevoix-Ouest County (Quebec)Clermont (Charlevoix-Est, Quebec)Deer Creek Watershed (Charlevoix County, Mich.)Holy Island (Charlevoix County, Mich.)Horton Creek (Charlevoix County, Mich.)Horton Creek Marsh, Charlevoix County, (Mich.)Lake Charlevoix (Mich.)Lake Charlevoix (Michigan)Marion (Charlevoix County, Mich.)
Charlevoix (Mich.)Charlevoix (Quebec)Charlevoix County (Mich.)Charlevoix County (Quebec)Charlevoix Harbor (Mich.)Charlevoix Region (Mich.)Charlevoix Region (Quebec)Charlevoix Site (Mich.)Charlevoix, Lake (Mich.)Charlevoix-Est (Quebec : Regional County Municipality)Charlevoix-Est (Quebec)Charlevoix-Est County (Que.)Charlevoix-Est County (Quebec)Charlevoix-Ouest (Quebec)Charlevoix-Ouest County (Que.)Charlevoix-Ouest County (Quebec)Clermont (Charlevoix-Est, Quebec)Deer Creek Watershed (Charlevoix County, Mich.)Holy Island (Charlevoix County, Mich.)Horton Creek (Charlevoix County, Mich.)Horton Creek Marsh, Charlevoix County, (Mich.)Lake Charlevoix (Mich.)Lake Charlevoix (Michigan)Marion (Charlevoix County, Mich.)
Michigan—Beaver Island (Charlevoix County)Michigan—CharlevoixMichigan—Charlevoix CountyMichigan—Charlevoix RegionMichigan—Charlevoix, LakeMichigan—Deer Creek Watershed (Charlevoix County)Michigan—Horton Creek (Charlevoix County)Michigan—Lake CharlevoixMichigan—Marion (Charlevoix County)Michigan—Peaine Township (Charlevoix County)Michigan—St. James Township (Charlevoix County)O'Neill Site, Charlevoix County, (Mich.)Quebec (Province)—CharlevoixQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix Co.Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix EastQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix RegionQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix WestQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix-EstQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Est (Regional County Municipality)Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-OuestQuebec—Charlevoix RegionQuebec—Charlevoix-EstQuebec—Charlevoix-Ouest
Michigan—Beaver Island (Charlevoix County)Michigan—CharlevoixMichigan—Charlevoix CountyMichigan—Charlevoix RegionMichigan—Charlevoix, LakeMichigan—Deer Creek Watershed (Charlevoix County)Michigan—Horton Creek (Charlevoix County)Michigan—Lake CharlevoixMichigan—Marion (Charlevoix County)Michigan—Peaine Township (Charlevoix County)Michigan—St. James Township (Charlevoix County)O'Neill Site, Charlevoix County, (Mich.)Quebec (Province)—CharlevoixQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix Co.Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix EastQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix RegionQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix WestQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix-EstQuebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Est (Regional County Municipality)Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-OuestQuebec—Charlevoix RegionQuebec—Charlevoix-EstQuebec—Charlevoix-Ouest
Charlevoix (FAST headings)Charlevoix (FAST headings)Michigan--CharlevoixMichigan--Charlevoix CountyMichigan--Charlevoix County--Deer Creek WatershedMichigan--Charlevoix County--Holy IslandMichigan--Charlevoix County--Horton CreekMichigan--Charlevoix County--Beaver IslandMichigan--Charlevoix County--MarionMichigan--Charlevoix County--O'Neill SiteMichigan--Charlevoix County--Peaine TownshipMichigan--Charlevoix Harbor Michigan--Charlevoix RegionMichigan--Lake CharlevoixQuebec ………………………….
FACET: FormsFACET: Forms
Uses table developed based on LC documentation (e.g., SCM, FFS:AAI), and independent correspondence,
LCSH tagged headings not containing $v will be processed for correction prior to validation,
All form headings will be established in an authority file.
Example of FormsExample of Forms
Translations into FrenchRulesDictionaries—SwedishControversial literature—Early works to 1800Translations into RussianStatistics—DatabasesTextbooks for foreign speakers—English—Juvenile literatureSlidesDirectoriesCorrespondence—Juvenile literatureRecords
FACET: PeriodFACET: Period
Chronological headings will reflect the actual time period of coverage for the resource,
Chronological headings will be expressed as a numeric date or date range.
Authority records will be created for period subdivision except when necessary for notes or cross-references.
Example of Faceting (DC view)Example of Faceting (DC view)
650 0 Slavery $z United States $v Fiction.
Subject Slavery
Coverage.spatial United States
Type Fiction
Interoperability between LCSH and FASTInteroperability between LCSH and FAST
Separating syntax from semantics, the syntax can be simplified while retaining the richness of vocabulary in LCSH is retained,
FAST and LCSH can co-exist.
For more information:For more information:
Chan, Lois Mai et. al. “A Faceted Approach to Subject Data in the Dublin Core Metadata Record.” Journal of Internet Cataloging. Volume 4, no. 1-2, 2001, p. 35-47.
O’Neill, Edward T. et. Al. “Form Subdivisions: Their Identification and Use in LCSH.” Accepted for publication in Library Resources & Technical Services.
For a copy of this presentation:
www.wcp.oclc.org/FAST
Chan, Lois Mai et. al. “A Faceted Approach to Subject Data in the Dublin Core Metadata Record.” Journal of Internet Cataloging. Volume 4, no. 1-2, 2001, p. 35-47.
O’Neill, Edward T. et. Al. “Form Subdivisions: Their Identification and Use in LCSH.” Accepted for publication in Library Resources & Technical Services.
For a copy of this presentation:
www.wcp.oclc.org/FAST