fast timing workshop · 2012. 1. 21. · top counter for belle-ii experiment tof + rich technique....

Fast Timing WorkshopKrakow, Nov 29 Dec 1st 2010

Part 2c

Robert Abrams,

Fast TOF for Muon Cooling Experiments

Robert Abrams

Founded for the realization of a muon collider

Funded mainly by DOE SBIR awards (partners include FNAL, Jefferson Lab,

North Illinois U, U of Chicago, IIT, ODU, …)

Currently doing R&D on various aspects of muon collider technology Cooling channel design Associated magnet technology Associated RF technology Related testing and measurements, including using fast TOF technique to

improve cooling measurements

Currently Muons, Inc. has a Phase I SBIR with Henry Frisch to use LAPPD counters (prototypes?) in muon cooling experiments and to explore TOF spectrometer applications

Robert Abrams

MANX (Muon collider And Neutrino factory eXperiment) aims at proving that six dimensional muon beam cooling can be achieved in a Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) using ionizationcooling with helical and solenoidal magnets.

The aim is to demonstrate that 6D muoncooling is understood well enough to plan intense neutrino factories and high luminosity muon colliders.

MANX channel gives emittance reduction of ~factor of 2.

New, fast TOF counters (TF0, TF1, TF4) as in MICE layoutWith TF2 and TF3 may replace solenoidal spectrometers and use TF1TF2 and TF3TF4 to measure momenta.

Resolution Improvement Example

Predicted Pz Resolutions for the MICE experiment, based on the MICE solenoidal spectrometer, and for fast TOF measurements 5 ps and 10 ps resolutions, (a) as a function of Pz and (b) as a function of Pt.

12/01/2010 5Fast Timing WorkshopCrakow RJA

Emittance reduction illustration

Robert Abrams

Helical Cooling Channel (3.2m Long)

12/01/2010 Fast Timing WorkshopCrakow RJA 6

Coil Design Trajectories

Path lengths along channel Traversal time vs Momentum

∆t ~ 50psper MeV/c

Robert Abrams

Evolution to Long Cooling Channel(Need RF to restore lost PLongit )


Helical Solenoid with RF cavitiesbetween coils

Single cavityand coils detail

Assembly model

Robert Abrams

Fast TOF counters can improve muon cooling measurements

Muon cooling experiments can be useful for testing several panels of LAPPD modules.

Currently doing simulations of fast TOF for muon cooling experiments

Robert Abrams Summary

Christophe RoyonThe ATLAS Forward Physics project

(AFP)


Contents:

• What is diffraction (the example of HERA)

• Diffractive Higgs production at the LHC

• Anomalous W couplings at the LHCγ

• ATLAS Forward Physics (AFP) project

Christophe Royon


Diffraction: No energy in the forward region: protons intact after interaction

Scattered at very small angles, possibility to tag them in detectors located very far away from the interaction point

Christophe Royon

Christophe Royon

Timing measurements: Gastof Timing resolution of 10− 5 ps using gas based detectors (Louvain) Inconvenient no space resolution

Timing detectors: Quartic Timing resolution of 30 − 40 ps per bar using quartz detector (Louvain, UTA,Alberta, Fermilab, Brookhaven, Chicago, Stony Brook, Saclay, Orsay)

Why do we need timing detectors?

Find the events where protons are related to Higgs production and not to another soft event (up to 35 events occuring at the same time at the LHC!!!!)

Christophe Royon

Jim PinfoldThe AFP QUARTIC Fast Timing System AFP QUARTIC Fast Timing System

(2)(2)University of Alberta, University of Texas at Arlington, University of Giessen, SUNY StoneybrookThe

The end result: 20ps system at an instantaneous luminosity of 1033 built and installed by mid/late 2012

Second stage: 10 ps or better resolutionat an instantaneous luminosity of 1034 built and installed by 2015.

Jim Pinfold

Each QUARTIC detector is 4 rows of 8 5mm x 5mm x ≤ ~10 cm long fused silica bars (end2end =16 measurements) allowing up to a 4fold improvement / single bar

An array of bars is mounted at the Cerenkov angle to minimize the # reflections as the light propagates to the MCPPMT.

This arrangement is intrinsically rad hard

AFP has been concentrating on developing this detector including the full electronics chain

Testing fibers vs quartz bars

− B Better timing resolutions

Flexible mapping onto the MCPPMTs

Test Fibers vs Quartz Bars: better timing, flexiblemapping onto NCPs

Laser Facility Test Results

If NPE x Gain ≥ 5 x 105 then timing independent of HV/gain

With sufficient amplification there is no dependence of timing on gain

Saturation (the reduction in amp). of the output signal due to the busy pores is a local phenomena

Timing vs. Gain

Jim Pinfold

26

Jim Pinfold

Crosstalk ResultsTested a prototype Burle Planacon tube using variable length fibers

Examined both row and column effect of spillover signal 100, 250 and 500 ps before the target pulse

About 10% of the pulse is detected in adjacent, empty pixels

Data shows that early light is not significantly affected by later light

Later light mean time shifted, but not totally dominated by the early pulse

Late time measurement degrades significantly as Δt increases

Exploring ways to reduce this effect

Jim Pinfold

Timing – CERN TestBeam 2008

Dt56.6/1.4=40 ps/Bar including CFD!

Time difference between two 9 cm quartz bars after the CFD implies a single bar resolution of 40 ps for about 10 PE’s (expected 10 PE’s from simulations)

Npe =(area/rms)2

28

2 21 2 1

1

( ) ( ) 2

so if 1 2 then / 2

t t t t

t t

δ δ δ δ

δ δ

= + =

= =

Jim Pinfold

Fermilab Test Beam

• November 1723

• Fermilab (Albrow, Ronzhin, Zatserklyaniy) concentraing on siPM

• UTA (Brandt, Hall, Howley, Lim) +Alberta (Liu) concentrating on Quartic, full chain AFP electronics test

Jim Pinfold

A. Rhonzhin SiPMs

2 x2 mmTrigger Scint

Use SiPM as reference timing for evaluating Quartic

Jim Pinfold

Next...Pursue the development of a tube with at least ~20 times longer lifetime, the avenues of improvement are:

Including an ion barrier (Nagoya solution) – giving a factor of

5 6 or more (latest SL10 results?)

Z stack design gives a factor of ~10 improvement (NIM A598,160,09)

Arradiance coated MCP’s: promises a factor of 10 or more lifetime improvement.

UTA have a funded Small Business Proposal with Arradiance and Photonis (starting Jan. 2011) to develop a long life MCPPMT using Arradiance coated MCP's

Various combinations of these factors are possible and should give multiplicative improvement factors improvement factors

Jim Pinfold

Lifetime of Hamamatsu (HPK) Square-shape MCP-PMT

T. Mori (Nagoya University)

On behalf of Belle II PID group

～O(1m)

Belle II

Time Of Flight important for Particle ID

RICH + TOF technique

Cherenkov radiator + time sensitive screen

Position (x, y) (RICH) ⇒ Position + time (x, t)

πK

⊿t ~ O(100ps)

Square-shape MCP-PMT

T. Mori (Nagoya University) On behalf of Belle II PID group

MCPPMT Requirements:

TTS : < 50psGain : 1.0×106

Single photon detectionEnough statistics for TTS

QE : >20%@ =400nmλAvailable in B field

MCPPMT chosen

11mmφ 27.5mm

27.5mm

Ordinary cylindrical MCPPMT

SquareMCPPMT

Codevelopment withHamamatsu Photonics K.K.

Catalog spec

Photo-cathode Multi-alkali / Super bi-alkali

MCP Channel φ 10μm

MCP bias angle 13°

MCP thickness 400μm

MCP layers 2

Al protection layer On 2nd MCP

Anode channels 1×4 / 4×4

Sensitive region 64%

HV ~ 3000 – 3500 V

All requirements satisfied

Remaining factor: stability

(Lifetime) in high photon rate

~7x1012 photons/cm2/year

~0.17 C/cm2/year

Estimated with TOF trigger hit rate

Cylindrical type: enough lifetime

TDC [25ps]

Num

ber of events

tts = 40 [ps]σ

ADC [0.25pC]

Num

ber of events

Pedestal

G ~ 106



Cylindrical

Previous

SL10

Results: QE

QE difference

SL10

Cylindrical

Lifetime

QE degradation: predominant factor

Gain: linearly decrease; still OK for single photon detection & TTS

TTS: Stability confirmed


Increase in work function dominates

Wave length [nm]

QE

[%]

Before aging

After aging

Work function

A(t)/A(t=0) 0.98±0.04 ⊿ φ0.27±0.07eV φ1.56±0.13eV

QE Variation: PositionQE before aging

x [mm]

y [mm

]

QE after aging

y [mm

]

x [mm]

Surrounding part: large QE drop: outgassing

- No more Ion feedback (from tests with mask), thanks to Al layer

- Residual O2, CO2, H2O. Cs oxydation, increase in work function

x

y

1

16


Separate space to PC-side & anode-side

Limit outgassing

WindowPC

1st MCP

2nd MCPAnode

CeramicinsulatorCeramic

insulator

Alfilm


Aftermodification

Before modification

Relative Q

E

Output charge [C/cm2]0 101

Time in Belle II experiment [year]

2.5 [C/cm2] for relative QE 80%

1.2×1014 [photons/cm2]

Summary

TOP counter for Belle-II experiment

TOF + RICH technique. TTS & Nphotons are important

Square shape MCP-PMT (SL10) developed for TOP

Satisfies required performance (TTS, gain)

Lifetime of QE in high photon rate

Possible cause of QE drop: Neutral gas (CO2 & H2O)

Improvement of inner structure against gas damage

Separate space to PC-side & anode-side by ceramic insulator

Low outgassing MCP

2.5C/cm2 for relative QE 80% achieve > 10 years under ~7×1012 photons/year/cm2


Leonid Burmistrov, (Orsay)


Simulation with and without TOF


NDR:

Were the tests done with SL10 MCPPMT (see slide #43 & 45) ?

fast timing workshop · 2012. 1. 21. · top counter for belle-ii experiment tof + rich technique....

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