fat and ntfs
TRANSCRIPT
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH
WHO IS MOST BENIFICIENT AND
MERCIFUL.
Group Group membersmembers
•ALI Roll no#12•Mubeen Roll no#02•Meemona Roll no#22•Hira Roll no#32
Topic
•FAT and• NTFS
Filing systems
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS TO BE REMBERERD
•File•Directory•Sector•cluster
FILE
“A collection of related facts with particular name and comprises some additional attributes”
•Application file
Files for OS are Application files
•Data File
Files for users are data files
Directory
A file having a collection of files is called directory.
Root Directory
The first directory on computer’s hard disk is called root directory
Cluster and sector
FAT
•Fat 12•Fat 16•Vfat
Coded and designed by Bill Gates in 1976 for floppy disks.
Integrated by Tim Paterson for INTEL 8086 Bill Gates again coded for DOS.
FAT provides
CHKDSK or SCANDISK utility.
Waste of memory
Increasing size increases sector size
Small file name
•8 bit for name and 3 bit for extension
FAT 12
•First version•For floppy disks5.25” single sided disk•Having 40 tracks.•Each track has 8 sectors.•For Up to 32MB of memory
•Cluster address 12 bit long
•Does not support hierarchical directories
•Sector size 16 bit
FAT 16
•Introduce in 1987 in Compaq DOS3.31.
•Sector size was reduced to 8 bits.
•Memory increased up to 2 Gigabytes.
•Windows 98 supported reading and writing.
VFAT.
•Introduced by Windows 95.
•Extension of FAT 16 and FAT 12.
•Long file names.
•Additional directory blocks to hold large names.
FAT 32
FAT 32
•Introduced by Windows 95-B andWindows 98.
•Expansion of previous FAT systems.
•It can handle large volume storage drives up to 2 Terabyte.
•robustness
•Single point failure can not fail
whole system it has a back up copy
to relocate the root directory
Efficient use of memory
• More efficient use of memory than FAT16.
• Less slack space increased efficiency more than 15% than FAT 16.
•Cluster size was 4 KB instead of 64KB
It was because
Still some draw backs.
•Its Compatibility, it supports only MS operating systems
•compatibility
•No Naïve level security available in FAT32.
•Performance varies with application
NTFS
New technology file system.
history
•In the mid of 1980s IBM and Microsoft joined to makeNext generation Operating system.
•The result was OS/2.
Unfortunately this operating system was not so successful because of because of marketing and support issue.
•Microsoft separated and started to work on windows on Windows NT.
•They borrowed basic naïve file
concepts from OS/2 in creating NTFS
Plus points of NTFS
•It allows to vary the
cluster size despite of fix
in HPRS that was 512 byte .
•Flexible cluster size
It also supports clusters
more than one sectors
which increased the
performance a little.
•More sectors in one cluster
•Reliability
It can recover from problem without data loss.
That’s why more reliable than FATs
•Security and access control.
•Major weakness in FAT 32 was security issue
•NTFS provided access control and security which supports Application and networking.
Storage efficiency
Due to minimum slack, memory utilization was maximum.
•Long file name
It supports the long
File names up to 255 characters.
•Supported very large volumes
It removed the limitations onDisks size which were in FAT filling systems
•Networking
Windows NT give a lot of facilities For networking.
Partition structure•NTFS has no anomalies in
•its strucure,4KB of cluster size was considered ideal.
MFT
File storage
space
File storage space
Copy of MFT
MFT zone User zone
12% 88%
Storage anatomy
Meta files
The first 16 NTFS files are system files.The meta file area is in the NTFS disk root Directory, they start with “$”.it is difficult to get info about them.
Draw backs of NTFS
•Does not support less than 400MB.
•Does not format floppy disk
•No built in encryption available
THANK YOU