faults and folds

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Faults and Folds Bends and Breaks

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Faults and Folds. Bends and Breaks. First, rocks are laid down and organized in units. Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers like a cake by wind and water. This process is called DEPOSTION Igneous rocks are spread over large areas like maple syrup by VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Faults and Folds

Faults and FoldsBends and Breaks

Page 2: Faults and Folds

First, rocks are laid down and organized in

units. Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers like a cake

by wind and water. This process is called DEPOSTION Igneous rocks are spread over large areas like maple

syrup by VOLCANIC ACTIVITY. Metamorphic rocks gradually change from one place

to the next by extreme geologic events Rock units and large areas that consist of one kind of

rock created by geologic events that happened millions of years ago.

You can walk for miles and miles and just see one kind of rock.

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Faults and Folds are what

BEND and BREAK up rock units.Fault Fold

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FRACTURE and FLOW

Fracture Fracture happens when

rocks are at the EARTH’S SURFACE and they are COOL.

Fracture is what happens when rocks BREAK!

Fracture = Faults

Flow Flow happens when

rocks are deep UNDERGROUND and they are very HOT.

Fracture is what happens when rocks BEND!

Flow = Folds

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Forces in the Earth Faults and folds happen when masses of rock are

colliding, being pulled apart, or sliding next to each other.

Faults and folds happen when there are COMPRESION, TENSION or SHEAR forces. COMPRESSION happens when two plates collide (Are

pressed together)

TENSION happens when two plates SEPARATE (are pulled apart)

SHEAR happens when two plates slide past each other

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Let’s see this in action

http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/plate5.htm

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FAULTSFaults are the result of FRACTURE. They

are the result of forces in the earth that BREAK rocks. Fracture happens when rocks are cool.

There are 3 major types of faults: Normal = Compression Reverse = Tension Slip-strike = Sheer

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Normal Fault

Normal faults occur when two plates PULL AWAY from one each other.

They are caused by TENSION forces

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Reverse Fault

Reverse faults occur when two plates are PUSHED together

Reverse Faults are caused by TENSION forces

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Strike-Slip Faults

Strike-Slip faults occur when two plates slide past each other

Strike-Slip faults are caused by SHEAR forces

Page 13: Faults and Folds

Let’s see it in action:

http://www.iris.washington.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm

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FoldsFolds are the result of FLOW. They are caused by

the same forces as faults, except they happen deep UNDERGROUND where it is very hot. Because it is hot, the rock bends instead of breaking.

There are two parts to a fold:The ANTICLINE is the top of the fold (think: ANTHILL)The SYNCLINE is the bottom of the fold (think: SIN)

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ANTICLINES and synclines

Anticlines are at the top (they are the Anthills) Synclines are at the bottom (sin = hell = bott0m)

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Now, go back through your sketches and

label your faults and folds

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Ready to test your knowledge?

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