fauna of new zealand auchenorrhycha

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Dr R. M. Emberson, c/- Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln

University, New Zealand

Dr M. J. Fletcher, Director of the Collections, NSW Agricultural Scientific

Collections Unit, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia

Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New

Zealand

Dr M.-C. Larivire, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, NewZealand

Mr R. L. Palma, Natural Environment Department, Museum of New ZealandTe Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand

SERIES EDITOR

Dr T. K. Crosby, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, NewZealand


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Fauna of New Zealand

Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa

Number / Nama 63

Auchenorrhyncha(Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue

M.-C. Larivire1, M. J. Fletcher2, and A. Larochelle3

1, 3 Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand2 Industry & Investment NSW, Orange Agricultural Institute,

Orange NSW 2800, Australia

1

[email protected],

2

[email protected],3 [email protected]

with colour photographs by B. E. Rhode

Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand

2010

Manaaki

R S S

W h e n u a


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4 Larivire, Fletcher & Larochelle (2010): Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera)

Copyright Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2010

No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by anymeans (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information

retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher.

Cataloguing in publication

Larivire, Marie-Claude

Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) : catalogue/ M.-C. Larivire, M. J. Fletcher and A. Larochelle ; with colour photographs by B. E. Rhode. Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2010. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111-5383 (print), ISSN 1179-7193 (online) ; no. 63). ISBN 978-0-478-34720-3 (print) ISBN 978-0-478-34721-0 (online)

I. Fletcher, M. J. II. Larochelle, Andr, 1940 Apr. 10 III. Title IV. Series

UDC 595.753

Suggested citation:

Larivire, M.-C.; Fletcher, M. J.; Larochelle, A. 2010. Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera):catalogue. Fauna of New Zealand 63, 232 pp.

Prepared for publication by the series editor and the authors using computer-based text processing,layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. Colour

photographs prepared by Dr B. E. Rhode using a 3-CCD colour video camera, software to increasedepth-of-field, and the photoprocessing software PhotoShop

To access on-line extracts and medium-resolution pdfs from this series visit:

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M~ori text by H. Jacob, taki.

Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/

Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington

Date of publication 16 June 2010

Front cover: Thanatodictya tillyardi Myers, family Dictyopharidae (Illustrator: D. W. Helmore).

Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by

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Fauna of New Zealand 63 5

POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA

(haere tonu)

Class Insecta

Order Hemiptera

Suborder Auchenorrhyncha

(continued overleaf)

Illustration / Whakaahua: Sulix tasmani (Muir), familyDelphacidae (Illustrator / Kaiwhakaahua: D. W. Helmore).

Ng~~~~~ kihikihi, ng~~~~~ peke-rau, ng~~~~~ peke-tipu, me r~~~~~touuri tata (ar~~~~~ , a ng~~~~~ i Auchenorrhyncha)

E whakaaetia nuitia ana he ptoi-iti a ng~i Auchenorrhynchan ng~i Hemiptera. Kei tnei karangatanga ng~ ng~rara

peke-t ipu, ng~ kihikihi, ng~ peke-poraka, ng~ ptara-tuha,ng~ peke-r~kau, me ng~ peke-rau. He matahuhua tonu terpnei, ~, ko r~tou ttahi w~hanga nui o ng~hanga ora kaitipu o ng~ pnaha hauropi noho papa. He maha ~ r~touurutaunga taha whanonga i ng~ whenua me ng~ mouterekatoa (h~unga an Te Kpa ka ta ng a ki te Tong a) , ~ , ewhakapaetia ana kei te ~hua 42 000 ng~ momo i ng~ tinikokonga o te ao, kua oti te whakaahua ~-kupu. N ng~wh~nau e 3040 nei momo. Tr~ pea kei ng~ mano ng~

momo o tahi o ng~ taupori e kaha ake ana te mhiotia,pr~ i r~ o Amerika ki te Raki, o ropi, o Ahitereiria. Inawhakatairitea ng~ mea o konei ki r~, he huinga iti tonu, in~r~ , 12 ng~ wh~nau, e, 68 ng~ puninga, 196 ng~ momo.Engari ahakoa iti, he pounamu. In~ r~, ko ttahi 82% o ng~momo o konei e mhiotia ana, k~ore i whenua k. N~ reirame k pnei ake, he w~hi whakahirahira a Aotearoa m tematahuhua-koiora o tnei karangatanga pepeke. K~ore ekore ka kitea he puninga an, he momo an~tna w~, ~, inaoti te whakaahua ~-kupu, tr~ ka piki te maha o ng~ momoki te 300350.

E toru ng~ ~huatanga matua e noho wehe ai ng ~Auchenorrhyncha i r~ atu ptoi-iti o ng~i Hemiptera: kong~w~hanga ngote o te waha ar~, he ngutu e toro ana atui te murikkai ko te tikanga hoki o te ingoaAuchenorrhyncha, ko te ngutu-kak; ko te poto o ng~

phihi me te tarakina te rite; kotahi an te kakano o ng~parihau o mua (he kiriuhi katoa, he kirikau katoa r~nei) enoho tuanui mai ana ki te puku.

I tnei putanga, ka whakautua ng~momo p~tai e wh~ euia nuitia ana mng~aitanga pepeke, koia nei: he aha, keihea, ~hea, phea? He aha ng~Auchenorrhyncha kei Aotearoae noho ana, he aha r~tou tranga (e.g., he momo m~ori,he r~waho, he momo takakino, he whakawhiti tahumaero)?He aha ng~ rauemi e w~tea ana hei tautohu, hei rangahau ing~ pepeke nei? Kei hea ake ng~ momo me ng~ puninga(e.g., i Aotearoa, i t~w~hi, ng~ k~inga noho, te kaha ki tewhakaprara haere)? }hea ka kori ake (e.g., ng~ koringa ~-kaupeka, te whakaputa uri, te wh~nau hua, te ~hua i tetakurua)? He phea te ~hua o te noho (e.g., ng~tino kai, ng~tipu ka ~ta nohoia, ng~ hoariri m~ori)?

Cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and allies

(Auchenorrhyncha)

The Auchenorrhyncha are generally regarded as a suborder ofthe Hemiptera. They include planthoppers, cicadas,froghoppers, spittlebugs, treehoppers, and leafhoppers. Theseinsects are highly diverse and form a major component ofthe plant-feeding fauna of most terrestrial ecosystems.Auchenorrhyncha have adopted varied life habits on nearlyall continents and islands (except Antarctica) and there may

be around 42 000 species described worldwide. The world

fauna is divided into roughly 30 to 40 families. The numberof species of better known continental faunas such as NorthAmerica, Europe or Australia may include thousands of spe-cies. Compared with these larger regions the New Zealandfauna currently comprising 12 families, 68 genera and 196species may appear relatively small but what it lacks in sizeit makes up for in uniqueness, e.g., 82% of known species donot occur anywhere else in the world. From this point of view

New Zealand can be regarded as a biodiversity hot spot forthis group of insects. New genera and species will be discov-ered in the future and once fully described the New Zealandfauna may reach 300 to 350 species.

Auchenorrhyncha can be distinguished from other Hemi-ptera suborders on the basis of three main characteristics:sucking mouthparts in the form of a beak extending from the

back of the head the name Auchenorrhyncha literally meansneck-beaks; relatively short and bristle-like antennae; andforewings of uniform texture (entirely membranous or leath-ery) resting rooflike over the abdomen.

In this volume, four questions most commonly askedabout a group of insects are being answered: What, where,when and how? What Auchenorrhyncha occur in New Zealand,what is their status (e.g., native, introduced from elsewhere,

pests, disease vectors)? What are the resources available toidentify and study them? Where do species and genera occur(e.g., geographic distribution in New Zealand and overseas,habitats, dispersal abilities)? When are they active (e.g., sea-sonal activity, mating, egg-laying, wintering)? How do theylive (e.g., food preferences, hostplants, natural enemies)?

New Zealand Auchenorrhyncha are generally active dur-ing the day and live in lowland to mountain forests andshrublands, although a number of groups are typically foundin more open habitats, such as tussock grasslands, and insubalpine environments. Native species usually live withinthe confines of their natural habitats but some species alsolive in modified ecosystems and exotic tree plantations. De-

pending on families and genera, species can be predominantlyactive on low plants, trees and shrubs, or even the groundsurface. Hostplants are known for less than 20% of species.The recognisable features and biology of the immature stages(nymphs) are unknown for the majority of species. Anec-dotal evidence suggests that parasitic wasps, birds, predatory

beetles, spiders, and mites may be among the major naturalenemies of New Zealand Auchenorrhyncha. Overall, about25% of the fauna is short-winged or wingless. Active dispersal

by flight is therefore unlikely for these species.


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(haere tonu)(continued overleaf)

The described New Zealand fauna, with 196 species, isabout 13% the size of the known Australian fauna which hasaround 1500 species. Currently, 15 families ofAuchenorrhyncha occurring in Australia are not found in

New Zealand. The number of recognised introduced speciesin New Zealand is currently 24, or about 12% of the totalfauna. No family is endemic to (exclusively occurring in)

New Zealand but all ground-dwell ing leafhoppers (familyMyerslopiidae) are endemic, accounting for 70% of worldspecies in this group. The three largest families in New Zealandare the leafhoppers or Cicadellidae (78 species or 40% of the

fauna), cicadas or Cicadidae (34 species or 17%), and cixiidplanthoppers or Cixiidae (26 species or 13%). These familiesare also well represented in Australia

Most species shared with Australia and other parts of theworld are cosmopolitan and probably introduced. Native spe-cies shared with regions neighbouring New Zealand are mostlyin common with eastern continental Australia, to a lesserdegree with Tasmania and Norfolk Island, and in some in-stances with Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. Such fau-nal affinities may be indicative of an old Gondwanan origin.As in many parts of the world the family Cicadellidae (leaf-hoppers) is taxonomically diverse and this is where mostfaunal affinities are observed, followed by the familyDelphacidae (delphacid planthoppers). At the generic level

New Zealand shares 40% of its native genera with Australia(as including Tasmania, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island),or 20 out of 50 native genera. At the species level this isapproximately 5%.

The species distribution maps provided show most spe-cies to be more widely distributed in New Zealand than previ-ously thought. Even well-studied species occur in more areasof the country than previously recognised. Nevertheless,roughly 95 native species, or 55% of the entire native fauna,are known from ten populations or fewer. These populationsare of potential interest to insect conservation.

A greater number of species (133) occur on the SouthIsland and 64 native species are restricted to this island. Aslightly lower number of species (119) occur on the NorthIsland, including 44 native species restricted to this island. Asmany as 65 taxa are shared between the North and the SouthIsland. Offshore island groups are known to harbour a limitednumber of native species: Chatham Islands (12), KermadecIslands (10), Three Kings Islands (21). Auchenorrhynchahave never been recorded from New Zealands subantarcticislands (Antipodes, Aucklands, Bounties, Campbell Island orSnares).

On New Zealands main islands, the areas so far known tocontain the highest diversity are the Northland, Auckland,and Wellington regions on the North Island, and the North-west Nelson and Mid Canterbury regions on the South Island.However, some of these regions contain many species intro-duced from Australia and elsewhere. For the biologist, theareas known to have the greatest number of local endemics species only found in a single region of New Zealand andnowhere else in the world are the most interesting. This isthe case of the Northland and Wellington regions on the

North Island, and the Northwest Nelson, Marlborough, MidCanterbury, Fiordland and Southland regions on the SouthIsland. The largely unexplored and unspoilt area of Fiordlandis likely to provide an even greater reservoir of endemismthan currently estimated.

The regions with the largest number of introduced spe-cies are relatively warm parts of New Zealand as well as itsmain trading ports or agricultural areas (Auckland, HawkesBay, Nelson, Christchurch). Many introduced species havefully developed wings and good dispersal abilities, some areattracted to artificial lights, and most can adapt well to livingin highly or partly modified environments.

Ko te nuinga o ng~Auchenorrhyncha o Aotearoa, hekori awatea. Kitea ai i ng~ngahere me ng~w~hi ururua maii ng~ whenua hakahaka, piki atu ki ng~ maunga, otir~ kotahi kei te takiraha, kei ng~ whenua p~tt , me ng~ taiao~hua m~rakerake i ng~ maunga. Ko te nuinga o ng~ momom~ori, ka noho wh~iti ki r~ tou rpoinga m~ori tturu.Engari ko tahi e noho ana i ng~ pnaha hauropi kuaraweketia e te tangata, tae atu ki ng~ papa whakatipu r~kaur~waho.Ahakoa he rerek ia wh~nau, ia puninga, kitea nuitiaai ng~ momo e kawe ana i ~ r~tou mahi i ng~ tipu me ng~r~kau poto, i te papa tonu r~nei. E 20% noa iho ng~ momo

e mhiotia ana ng~ tipu e piri atu ai r~tou. Waihoki, m tenuinga o ng~ momo, k~ore e mhiotia ana ng~ ~huatangat~pua me te koiora o ng~ punua. E ai ki ng~taunakitanga ~-waha, ko tahi o ng~ hoariri m~ ori matua o ng~Auchenorrhyncha o Aotearoa, ko ng~ w~pu pir inoa, ng~manu, ng~ p tara konihi, ng~ png ~werewere, me ng~

pwereriki. Hui katoa, ko tna 25% o te rpwh~nui nei hepoto ng~ parihau, karekau r~nei he parihau. N reira eharapea ko te rere ttahi ara e prara haere ai nei momo.

Kotahi rau, e iwa tekau m~ ono ng~ momo o Aotearoakua oti te ~ta whakaahua ~-kupu. Ko ttahi 13% tnei o terahi o ng~momo o Ahitereiria kei te takiw~ o te 1500ng~ momo o reira. I tnei w~ , 15 ng~ wh ~nauAuchenorrhyncha kei Ahitereiria k~ore e kitea i Aotearoa.E 24 ng~ momo r~waho kei Aotearoa e noho ana he tatatnei ki te 12% o ng~ momo katoa. Karekau he wh~naukotahi ko Aotearoa anake te whenua e noho ai na momokatoa, engari katoa ng~ peke-rau noho papa (o te wh~nauMyerslopiidae) n konei anake, ~, koia ttahi 70% o ng~momo katoa o tnei rp, puta noa i te ao. Ko ng~ wh~naurahi katoa i Aotearoa, ko ng~ peke-rau, a ng~i Cicadellidae(e 78 ng~ momo, ko ttahi 40% tnei o te rp nui tonu),ng~ kihikihi, a ng~i Cicadidae (e 34 ng~ momo, ko ttahi17% tnei), me ng~ peke-tipu cixiid, a ng~i Cixiidae (e 26ng~ momo, ko ttahi 13%). Heoi an, kitea nuitia ai neiwh~nau i Ahitereiria an hoki.

Ko te nuinga o ng~momo e noho ana ki Aotearoa meAhitereiria, kei ng~ w~hi katoa o te ao, ~, i tatmai pea kikonei i w~hi k . Ko te nuinga o ng~ momo m~ori keiAotearoa me na kiritata, ka kitea an i te r~whiti oAotearoa, ~, he iti ake ka kitea ani Tahimania, i te Moutere

Norfolk, ~, he torutoru ka kitea an i te Moutere o LordHowe me te Whenua Kanaki. Ko Te Uri M~ roa pea te

ptakenga mai o nei ~huatanga rite. Pr~ an i ng~ tpitohuhua o te ao, he wh~nau matahuhua tonu a ng~i Cicadellidae(ng~ peke-rau), ~, kitea nuitia ai ng~ ~huatanga rite o rotoi tnei rp. Muri iho, ko te wh~nau Delphacidae (ng~peke-tipu delphacid). E 20 o roto i te 50 (ko ttahi 40%) o ng~

pu ni ng a o Ao te ar oa , ke i Ah it er ei ri a an (tae atu kiTahimania, te Moutere Norfolk, me te Moutere o LordHowe). Kia heke ki te papanga momo, e 5% t nei.

E kitea ana i ng~ mahere whakaatu i te ttaringa o ng~momo, kua wh~nui ake te hora o te nuinga o ng~ momo itr~ i whakapaetia. Me te h~ngai an o tnei krero ki ng~momo kua rangahautia nuitia. Heoi an , e 95 pea ng~momo m~ori (ko ttahi 55% tnei o ng~ momo m~ori katoa)

kei tahi taupori tekau, iti ake r~nei. E tika ana pea kiatirohia nei taupori i raro i ng~ kaupapa wh~omoomo i ng~aitanga pepeke.

He maha ake ng~momo (133) kei Te Waka-a-M~ui, ~,e 64 o nei k~ore e kitea i moutere k. He paku iti ake(119) ng~momo kei Te Ika-~-M~ui, a, e 44 o nei k~ore ekitea i moutere k. Kua eke pea ki te 65 ng~rpkei Te Ikame Te Waka-a-M~ui. Kei tahi o ng~ huinga moutere owaho tahi momo m~ori torutoru nei. Ko Wharekauri tr~(12), ko ng~ Moutere Kermadec (10), me Manawat~whi(21). K~ore ankia kitea he Auchenorrhyncha i ng~moutereahu atu ki Te Kpakatanga ki te Tonga (ar~, ki ng~Antipodes,ki ng~Moutere o Auckland, o Bounty, te Moutere o Campbell,ki Snares r~nei).

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Contributor Marie-Claude Larivire was born and edu-cated in Qubec, graduating with a PhD in systematic ento-mology from McGill University in 1990. For the followingtwo years she did postdoctoral research at Agriculture Canada,Ottawa. In 1992, Marie-Claude moved to New Zealand towork as a full-time Hemiptera biosystematist with LandcareResearch. From 1994 to 1997 she led the Biosystematics of

New Zealand Land Invertebrates programme, from 1995 to2005 the development of New Zealand Arthropod Collec-tions databasing and digital imaging systems, from 1999 to2004, the Koiora-BioAssist project (Biodiversity Assess-

ment using Information Technology and Taxonomy), andfrom 2007 to 2010, the Invertebrate Biosystematics researchgroup (Landcare Research, Auckland). Marie-Claude has beenan active member of the Fauna of New Zealand series com-mittee (19942004, 2007present). She is the author ofover 90 papers and monographs on the taxonomy, distribu-tion and natural history of Hemiptera and Carabidae(Coleoptera), including seven Fauna of New Zealand contri-

but ions (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha catalogue, Hetero-pter a ca ta logue, Cixi idae and Pentatomoidea re visions;Carabidae: taxonomic catalogue; Harpalini revision; synop-sis of supraspecific taxa). She has also published on Australianand South Pacific Hemiptera as well as on North and CentralAmerican Hemiptera, Orthoptera, and Carabidae. Many ofher publications have been written in collaboration with her

husband Andr Larochelle with whom she hopes to soonpublish new works on New Zealand Hemiptera and Carabidae.In addition, she conducts international cooperative researchand New Zealand-based commercial research for the CrownResearch Institute Landcare Research. Marie-Claude has akeen interest in biological information technology, espe-cially digital taxonomy, computer imaging, interactive iden-tification, and web-publishing. She maintains electronic in-formation on Hemiptera on The New Zealand Hemipterawebsite (http://hemiptera.landcareresearch.co.nz/). Since1992 she has been actively involved in specialised field in-ventory, surveying Hemiptera in over 1000 localities, togain a better understanding of the taxonomy, natural history,and biogeography of New Zealand species.

Contributor Murray Fletcher was born in Adelaide, SouthAustralia, but received most of his education in Sydney, wherehe graduated from Sydney University with BSc (Hons) in1974 and PhD in 1978. Dr John W. Evans was an earlymentor and encouraged him to focus on the planthoppers(Fulgoromorpha) for both his PhD project and his subsequentlifes work. In 1986, Evans passed his extensive reprint col-lection into Murrays care. Murray had begun work as aninsect taxonomist with the then NSW Department of Agri-culture (later the NSW Department of Primary Industries) atthe Biological and Chemical Research Institute (BCRI) atRydalmere in Sydneys west in May 1977. Murrays initialfocus was on the planthopper family Flatidae and in 1986, heexpanded his interests to include the leafhoppers(Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha) of Australia. He has pub-

lished more than 80 papers on these groups of insects, manywith international collaborators, as well as over 30 electronic

publications, particularly identif ication keys to the fauna ofAustralian and neighbouring areas on the ASCU website (http://www1.dpi.nsw.gov.au/keys/). In 1997, BCRI was closed andthe entomological and plant pathology collections and asso-ciated staff were relocated to Orange Agricultural Institute inthe Central West of New South Wales where they are stilllocated. Murray is now a Principal Research Scientist andResearch Leader (Scientific Collections). He is also an Ad-

junct Professor with Charles Sturt University, Subject Editor(Fulgoromorpha) for Zootaxa and a member of the EditorialBoards for Fauna of New Zealand, Entomotaxonomia, Aus-tralian Journal of Entomology, and General and Applied

(haere tonu)(continued overleaf)

I te tuawhenua o Aotearoa, ko ng~ w~hi e mhiotia anakei reira te tino matahuhuatanga, ko Te Tai Tokerau, koT~maki, me Te Upoko-o-te-Ika i Te Ika-a-M~ui, ko te roheuru-m~-raki o Whakat, ko ng~ whenua waenga o Waitahai Te Waipounamu. Heoi, he maha an ng~momo r~waho oAhitereiria, o hea ake kei aua takiw~. Ki te tohunga koiora,ko ng~w~hi e tino nui ai ng~momo k~ore e kitea i w~hi ko Aotearoa, o te ao r~nei, koia k ng~ w~hi tino whai takehei rangahau. Koinei te ~hua ki Te Tai Tokerau, ki TeUpoko-o-te-Ika, i Te Ika-a-M~ui, me te rohe uru-m~-raki oWhakat, a Wairau, te rohe waenga o Waitaha, a Piopiotahi,

me Murihiku i Te Waipounamu. } , k~ ore e kore koPiopiotahi me na whenua urutapu k~ore an kia kahapkaihia e te tangata, koia ttahi w~hi ka nui atu na momopr~.

Ko ng~ rohe kei reira te maha atu o ng~momo r~waho,ko ng~ w~hi ~hua mahana ake o Aotearoa, ko ng~ tumuwaka hokohoko matua, me ng~ w~hi ahuwhenua nui (koT~maki, ko Te Matau-a-M~ui, ko Whakat, ko tautahi).He maha ng~momo r~waho e pakari ana ng~parihau, e ~hei

pai ana ki te whakaprara haere. Ko tahi ka whakawaia e teaho horihori, ~, ko te nuinga, ka urutau pai noa iho ki ng ~taiao kua ~hua rawekehia, kua kaha tonu r~nei te rawekehia.

I wh ~nau mai t tahi o ng~ kaituhi, a Marie-Claude

Larivire i Qubec. I reira ania e rapu ana i te m~tauranga~, riro noa i a ia tana Tohu T~kutatanga mai i te WhareW~nanga o McGill, i te tau 1990. Ko te kaupapa o tauatohu, ko te pnaha whakarp i ng~ aitanga a Punga. K~tahiia ka neke ki Agriculture Canada, i Ottawa, mte rua tau, kireira wh~toro ai i tahi atu rangahautanga. N te tau 1992,ka neke mai a Marie-Claude ki Aotearoa, ka mahi hei kait~taii ng~ whakapapa o ng~i Hemiptera m~ Manaaki Whenua.Mai i te 1994 ki te 1997, n~na i ~rahi te T~taitanga o ng~Whakapapa o ng~Aitanga Tuar~-Kore a T~ne, te hangangao ng~ pnaha p~tengi raraunga, whakaahua ~-mati m teKohinga Angawaho o Aotearoa, ~, mai i te tau 1994 ki te2004, ko te kaupapa Koiora-BioAssist (Te Aromatawai ite Huhuatanga Koiora i runga i te Whakamahi i te HangarauMhiohio me te Whakarp tanga). Mai i te Hngongoi2007 ki te 2010, ko ia an te kai~rahi o te rp rangahau ite T~taitanga o ng~ Whakapapa o ng~ Hanga Tuar~-Kore (iManaaki Whenua, T~maki). Me krero an te w~hi ki a iai te komiti whakataki i te hautaka Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o

Aotearoa (19942004, 2007n~ianei). He neke atu i te 90ng~ tuhinga kua oti i a ia e p~ ana ki te whakarptanga, tettaringa, me ng~htori m~ori o ng~i Hemiptera me Carabidae(Coleoptera), tae atu ki tahi t~nga e 7 mKo te Aitanga

Pepeke o Aotearoa (a Hemiptera he r~rangi Auchenor-rhyncha, he r~rangi Heteroptera, he whakahoutanga mng~i Cixiidae me Pentatomoidea; ng~Carabidae he r~rangiwhakarp; a Harpalini he whakahoutanga; he whakar~-

popototanga o ng~ rp o runga ake i te momo). Kua putaan i a ia he tuhinga m ng~Hemiptera o Ahitereiria me TeMoana-nui-a-Kiwa, tae atu ki tahi m ng~i Hemiptera,ng~i Orthoptera, me ng~i Carabidae i Amerika ki te Raki me

Amerika P. He maha tonu ana tuhinga kua tuhia ng~tahitiaki tana hoa t~ne, ki a Andr Larochelle, ~, ko tana tmanako,taihoa ka whakaputaina e r~ua tahi krero hou m ng~Hemiptera me ng~ Carabidae o Aotearoa. }piti atu ki tr~,kei te whakahaere ia i tahi rangahautanga mahi tahi kitahi atu kaim~tai pepeke o te ao, ko ia an tr~ ki te ~rahii tahi rangahau arumoni i Aotearoa m~Manaaki Whenua.Tr~ an ttahi tino kaupapa e wh~ia ana e Marie-Claude,ko te hangarau p~rongo koiora, tae atu ki te whakarp ~-mati, te hanga whakaahua ki te rorohiko, te tautohu

p~hekoheko, me te whakaputa krero ki te pae tukutuku.Ko ia kei te tiaki i ng~ krero rorohiko m ng~i Hemipterai te pae tukutuku m ng~ Hemiptera o Aotearoa (http://hemiptera.landcareresearch.co.nz/). Mai i te tau 1992, kua

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(haere

tonu)

Entomology . He is chair of the Standing Committee for In-ternational Auchenorrhyncha Congresses and editor of theTymbal Auchenorrhyncha website. From 20042008 he wasVice President and Chairman of the Executive of the Austral-ian Entomological Society and continues on the SocietysCouncil as Regional Councillor for rural NSW. He has super-vised or co-supervised numerous postgraduate projects and iscurrently supervising three PhD projects, two of which are

being undertaken by students at the North West Agricultureand Forestry University, Yangling, China.

Contributor Andr Larochelle was born and educated inQubec, graduating in 1974 with a Brevet dEnseignementspcialis from the Universit du Qubec Montral. Hetaught ecology at the Collge Bourget, Rigaud, Qubec, until1990. With the encouragement of the late carabid specialistCarl H. Lindroth, Andr very quickly became interested inthe study of ground-beetles. From 1975 to 1979 he was theco-editor of two entomological journals, Cordulia and Bulle-tin dinventaire des insectes du Qubec. From 1986 to 1992,he was honorary curator to the Lyman Entomological Mu-seum and Research Laboratory, McGill University, Qubec.In 1992, Andr moved to New Zealand to work as a researchscientist. Currently, he is a Research Associate with the NewZealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Auckland.Andr has written over 400 papers on the distribution, ecol-ogy, biology, and dispersal power of North American carabidsand other insects (including two handbooks on theHeteroptera of Qubec). In 1990 he published The food ofcarabid beetles of the world; in 1993, with Yves Bousquet, heco-authored a Catalogue of Carabidae of America North ofMexico; and in 2001 and 2003, with his wife Marie-Claude,he published a Natural History of the tiger beetles of NorthAmerica North of Mexico and A Natural History ofCarabidae for the same region. His currrent main researchinterests are the faunistics and taxonomy of New Zealandground-beetles on which he has co-authored three Fauna of

New Zealand contributions (Catalogue of Carabidae, 2001;Revision of tribe Harpalini, 2005; Synopsis of supraspecifictaxa, 2007). Andr is a keen provider of electronic informa-tion on ground-beetles on the internet via The New Zealand

Carabidae website (http://carabidae.landcareresearch.co.nz/ ).Since 1992, he has been actively involved in specialised fieldinventory, surveying carabids in over 1000 localities, to gaina better understanding of the taxonomy, natural history, and

biogeography of New Zealand species.

Birgit E. Rhode was born and educated in Germany whereshe graduated with a PhD in marine biology from the Univer-sity of Hamburg in 1987. Between 1980 and 1993 she workedin estuarine and coastal marine ecology (Institute of Hydrol-ogy, Island of Norderney, North Sea), studied the develop-mental morphology of polychaete sense organs, and lecturedin general zoology and marine biology (Zoological Institute,Free University of Berlin). In 1993, Birgit moved to New

Zealand. Always open to new challenges, she abandoned themarine environment and moved on to drier grounds becom-ing a Research Assistant to Marie-Claude Larivires work on

New Zealand Hemiptera. Birgit has always been fascinatedwith photography and structural details, so it was almostinevitable that with the introduction of digital imaging intothe research environment she became more and more in-volved in imaging and graphics work. She is now fulfillingmost of the imaging requirements of entomological systema-tists at Landcare Research.

whakapau kaha ia ki te puta ~-tinana atu ki te taiao ki te ~tatirotiro i ng~ Hemiptera i ng~ takiw~ 1000 neke atu, em~rama ake ai ng~ whakarptanga, ng~ htori m~ori, mete papawhenua-koiora o ng~momo o Aotearoa.

I wh~nau mai te kaituhi nei, a Murray Fletcher, ki Atareta,i Ahitereiria ki te Tonga, engari i kuraina ki Poih~kena. Hemea whakawhiwhi ia e te Whare W~nanga o Poih~kena kitana Tohu Ptaiao (Hnore) i te tau 1974, ~, ki tana TohuKairangi i te tau 1978. Ka poipoia ia e T~kuta John W.Evans, n~na a Murray i akiaki kia arotahi ki ng~ peke-tipu

(a ng~i Fulgoromorpha) m tana Tohu Kairangi, ~ haereake. I te tau 1986, ka tukuna e Evans tana kohinga t~ruatanganui tonu hei tiaki m~Murray. Kua tmata ka Murray i tanamahi whakarp pepeke i te Tari o NSW i tr~ w~ (n murimai ka riro ko te Tari Ahumahi M~t~mua o NSW te ingoa)i te Ptahi Rangahau Koiora, Mat (BCRI) i Rydalmere,rohe o Poih~kena ki te uru, i te Haratua o te tau 1977. Kotana aronga i te tmatanga, ko te wh~nau peke-tipu Flatidae.

N te tau 1986, ka pere atu an te titiro ki ng~ peke-rau(Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha) o Ahitereiria. He nuiake i te 80 ng~ krero kua t~ia e ia m nei huinga pepeke,ko tahi i mahia tahitia ki ng~ tohunga o t~w~hi, ~, he nekeatu i te 30 ng~ t~nga ~-rorohiko, ko te maha atu o nei heara tautohu m ng~ pepeke o Ahitereiria me ng~ moutere

pi rit at a, ki te pa e tu ku tu ku AS CU (h tt p: //

www1.dpi.nsw.gov.au/keys/). I te tau 1997, ka kati te BCRI,ka nekehia ng~ kohinga m~tai pepeke, m~tai mate tipu, mena ankaimahi, ki te Ptahi Ahuwhenua }rani i te Pokap-m~-Uru o Niu Taute Wra. He Kaiptaiao Rangahau Matua,he Kai~rahi Rangahau (Kohinga Ptaiao) a Murray i~ian~.Ko ia an ttahi Ahorangi Turuki i te Whare W~nanga oCharles Sturt, he tita Kaupapa (Fulgoromorpha) m~

Zootaxa, he mema an n ng~ Poari }huatanga tita mKo te Aitanga a Pepeke, te Entomotaxonomia , te AustralianJo ur na l of En to mo lo gy me te General and AppliedEntomology. Ko ia te tumuaki o te Komiti T m ng~ HuiAuchenorrhyncha o te Ao, me te tita o te pae tukutuku mng~Auchenorrhyncha Tymbal. I ng~ tau 20042008, ko iate Perehitene Tuarua me te Tumuaki o te Komiti Wh~iti ote K~hui M~tai Pepeke o Ahitereiria, ~, e noho tonu nei ia ki

te Kaunihera a te K~hui hei Pou Kaunihera ~-Rohe m tetaiwhenua o Niu Taute Wra. E hia k ng~ kaupapa paeruako ia te kai~rahi; i tnei w~e toru ng~kaupapa tohu kairangie arahina ana e ia. E rua o nei e whakahaeretia ana e tahi~konga i te Whare W~nanga Ahuwhenua, Ono R~kau ki teUru-m~-Raki, i Yangling, Haina.

I wh~nau mai t r~ atu kaituhi, a Andr Larochelle, iQubec. I reira ia e kura ana, ~ , n te tau 1974 kawhakawhiwhia ki tana tohu Brevet dEnseignementspcialis, mai i te Whare W~nanga o Qubec ki Montral.Taka mai ki te tau 1990, e whakaako ana ia i te m~ ta ihauropi i te Kura Bourget, i Rigaud, Qubec. K~ore i roa ewhakaako ana, ka tupu tana hiahia ki te rangahau ptaranoho papa, me te poipoi an a tr~ tohunga carabid kua riro

nei i te tirohanga kanohi, a Carl H. Lindroth, i tne iwhakaaro na. Mai i te 1975 ki te 1979 ko ia ttahi o ng~tita o tahi hautaka m~tai pepeke, ar~, o Cordulia me te

Bulletin dinventaire des insectes du Qubec. Mai i te 1986ki te 1992, ko ia te kaitiaki hnore o te Whare Rokiroki,Rangahau Pepeke o Lyman, i te Whare W~nanga o McGill,i Qubec. I te tau 1992, ka neke mai a Andr ki Aotearoa, kamahi hei kaiptaiao rangahau. I tnei w~, he Kairangahau iai te Kohinga Angawaho o Aotearoa i Manaaki Whenua,T~maki-makau-rau. He nui ake i te 400 ng~ krero kuatuhia e Andr m te ttaringa, ng~ ~huatanga hauropi, tekoiora, me te kaha whakapirara o ng~ carabid me tahi atuaitanga pepeke o Amerika ki te Raki (tae atu ki tahi pukapukaringa m ng ~ Heteroptera o Qubec). I te tau 1990, ka

8


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Translation by H. Jacob

taki

whakaputaina e ia Ng~ kai a ng~ ptara carabid o te ao; ite tau 1993, ko r~ua ko Yves Bousquet ng~ kaituhi i teR~rangi o ng~ Carabidae o Amerika ki te Raki o Mhiko;i te tau 2001 me te 2003, n~ r~ua ko tana wahine, a Marie-Claude, i whakaputa ng~ H tori M~ori o ng~ t~ taka oAmerika ki te Raki, ki te Raki o Mhiko me ng~ HtoriM~ori o ng~i Carabidae, m taua rohe an. Ko te arongamatua o ana mahi rangahau i nei r~ , ko te ~hua me tewhakarptanga o te wh~nau ptara noho papa o Aotearoa.E toru ng~ tuhinga Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa ko iattahi o ng~ kaituhi (ko te R~rangi o ng~i Carabidae, 2001;

he whakahoutanga o te iwi Harpalini, 2005; hewhakar~popototanga o ng~ rp o runga ake i te momo).He kaha ia ki te uta krero atu e p~ ana ki ng~ ptara noho

papa ki te ipurangi, m~te pae tukutuku mng~Carabidae oAotearoa (http://carabidae.landcareresearch.co.nz/). Mai ite tau 1992, kua whakapau kaha ia ki te puta ~-tinana atu kite taiao ki te ~ta tirotiro i ng~ carabid i ng~ takiw~ 1000neke atu, e m~rama ake ai ng~whakarptanga, ng~ htorim~ori, me te papawhenua-koiora o ng~momo o Aotearoa.

Ko Tiamana te kaip o Birgit E. Rhode, i kuraina an iaki reira. N te tau 1987 ka whakawhiwhia ia ki tana TohuT~kutatanga koiora moana e te Whare W~nanga o Ham-

burg. Mai i te tau 1980 ki te 1993, ko ng~ pnaha hauropi ote wahap me te takutai tahi kaupapa i ~ta tirohia e ia (i tePtahi M~tai i ng~Wai o Papat~nuku, Moutere o Norderney,Moana Raki), ka tirohia an te hanga o ng~ w~hanga rongoo ng~noke polychaete, ~, he pkenga ania mte m~taurangakararehe wh~nui me te koiora moana (i te Ptahi M~taurangaKararehe, te Whare W~nanga Utu-kore o Berlin). I te tau1993 ka neke mai a Birgit ki Aotearoa. He rawe ki te wahinenei ng~ m~t~taki hou. Whakarrea atu ana ng~mahi ki tai,tahuri mai ana ki uta, me te noho hei Kai~whina Rangahaum~ Marie-Claude Larivire i ~na mahi tirotiro i ng~Hemi-

pte ra o Aotearoa. He tino kaupapa p~rekareka ki a ia tetango whakaahua me te hanga o ng~mea ora ~, i te urungamai o ng~ whakaahua ~-mati ki te ao rangahau, ka kaha aketana whakapau kaha ki te t~rai whakaahua me ng~ mahiwhakairoiro. In~ianei, ko ia kei te whakaea i te nuinga o ng~tono t~rai whakaahua a ng~ kait~tai whakapapa pepeke a

Manaaki Whenua.

Andr

Larochelle

BirgitRhode

MurrayFletche

r

Marie-ClaudeLarivire

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Dedication

A recent catalogue of any kind, so long as it is reasonably complete on any particular side, is a gift of

the gods. G.W. Kirkaldy, 1907,Annales de la Socit Entomologique de Belgique 51: 303.

It would have been impossible to catalogue the New Zealand Auchenorrhyncha so comprehensivelywithout the work of many researchers and collectors who studied the fauna before us. We take greatpleasure in dedicating this work to two people in particular, William (Bill) Knight (formerly curator ofHemiptera, Natural History Museum, London) and the late John W. Evans (formerly Director of the AustralianMuseum, Sydney). The task of writing the catalogue would have been much more difficult without theirprevious efforts at revising the Auchenorrhyncha of New Zealand and Australia.

FrontispieceAmphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval) (Photograph: B. E. Rhode)


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ABSTRACT

Auchenorrhyncha are a highly diverse group of hemimetabolous insects and amajor component of the phytophagous insect fauna in most terrestrial ecosystemsworldwide. They are treated here as a suborder of the Hemiptera and include the

planthoppers (infraorder Fulgoromorpha), cicadas, froghoppers, spittlebugs,treehoppers, and leafhoppers (infraorder Cicadomorpha). With their piercing

sucking mouthparts the majority of Auchenorrhyncha species feed on phloem orxylem (plant sap) or plant cell contents (parenchyma or cell ruptures) althoughsome species feed on mosses or fungi. This economically important group includesseveral plant pests pests and several vectors of plant pathogens, including

phytoplasmas, viruses, and bacteria.

Auchenorrhyncha have been collected extensively and are well representedin New Zealand entomological museums and collections. Despite this, no up-to-date catalogue has been published since Wises (1977) ...synonymic checklist ofthe Hexapoda of the New Zealand sub-region ... which enumerated 64 generaand 160 species in 11 families. Numerous nomenclatural changes and new taxahave been published since then, and the fauna now totals 68 genera and 196species in 12 families.

In this biosystematics catalogue, the species-group names of all New ZealandCicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha are catalogued with distribution records andinformation on biology and wing condition (as indicative of flight ability). Validnames are listed in their current and original combinations with the author(s),

publication date, page citation, type status, type repository, type locality, andbiostatus. Synonyms are given in their original combinations. Other existingcombinations are provided. Genus-group names are listed with the author(s),

publication date, page citation, type species (including method of fixation), andbiostatus. The catalogue is arranged alphabetically by infraorders, superfamilies,families, subfamilies, tribes, genus-group, and species-group names. Under eachspecies, the geographic distribution, biology, and wing condition are given. Selected

references dealing with taxonomy (including keys and revisions), distribution,biology, and dispersal power are also provided where appropriate.

The catalogue also includes a bibliography of over 500 references (includingoriginal taxonomic descriptions), colour photographs of 133 primary typesdeposited in New Zealand collections (covering about 68% of all described taxa),207 maps showing species and subspecies distributions, four maps showing

patterns of taxonomic diversity and species endemism, and a full taxonomicindex. Finally, 8 appendices are provided: glossary, list of approximately 300

plants associated with Auchenorrhyncha, acronyms of entomological collectionsand museums, list of taxa incorrectly recorded or doubtfully established in NewZealand, geographical coordinates of over 380 collecting localities, alphabeticallists of valid taxa by areas of New Zealand, type localities of valid species

described from New Zealand, and a list of about 95 taxa with limited distributionand which are of potential conservation importance. This catalogue brings togetherthe available literature and collection-based information on New ZealandFulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha for use by biosystematists, identifiers,

biosecurity and conservation managers, ecologists and other biologists, as well asmembers of the public.

The composition of the New Zealand auchenorrhynchan fauna and its affinitieswith Australia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, and New Caledonia are analysedand discussed. It is estimated that, once fully described, the fauna could total300350 species. Endemism is high with 81% of species and 41% of genera


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currently recognised as being endemic; New Zealand is regarded as a biodiversityhot spot. The fauna shows greatest affinity to that of eastern continentalAustralia. Twenty-four (24) adventive (introduced) taxa occur in New Zealand,including some economically important species, e.g., Philaenus spumarius(Linnaeus, 1758), Aphrophoridae; Anzygina dumbletoni (Ghauri, 1963),

Edwardsiana froggatti(Baker, 1925),EupteryxmelissaeCurtis, 1837, Orosiusargentatus (Evans, 1938), Ribautiana tenerrima (Herrich-Schffer, 1834),

Rhytidodusdecimaquartus(Schrank, 1776), Cicadellidae;Anzora unicolor (Walker,1862), Flatidae; Scolypopaaustralis(Walker, 1851), Ricaniidae.

The following new combinations are made:Arawa negata(White, 1879) forAthysanus negatus White, 1879, Nesoclutha phryne (Kirkaldy, 1907) forNesoclutha pallida(Evans, 1942) (Cicadellidae); Cermada inexspectata(Larivire,1999) for Cixius inexspectatusLarivire, 1999, Cermada triregia(Larivire,1999) for Cixius triregiusLarivire, 1999 (Cixiidae).Arawa salubris Knight,1975 is synonymised with Arawa negata (White, 1879). The followingCicadellidae taxa have been incorrectly recorded or doubtfully established in

New Zealand:Alodeltocephalus obliquus(Evans, 1938),Balclutha riekiKnight,1987, Edwardsiana crataegi (Douglas, 1876), Japananus hyalinus (Osborn,

1900),Limotettix incertusEvans, 1966,Paracephaleus montanus(Evans, 1942).The cicadellid genusAthysanusBurmeister, 1838, is excluded from the fauna.

The areas of New Zealand showing the highest taxonomic diversity are:North Island Wellington (73 species-group taxa), Auckland (64), Northland(60); South Island Northwest Nelson (65), Mid Canterbury (56). The areasdisplaying the highest number of New Zealand endemics are: North Island Wellington (63 species-group taxa), Northland (47), Taupo (46), Auckland (45),Bay of Plenty (40); South Island Northwest Nelson (50), Buller (45), MidCanterbury (40). The areas known for the highest number of local endemics are:

North Island Northland (5), Wellington (5); South Island Northwest Nelson(4).

New Zealand Auchenorrhyncha are generally diurnal and live in lowland to

mountain forests and shrublands, although a number of groups are found typicallyin open habitats such as tussock grasslands and in subalpine environments.Indigenous species usually live within the confines of their natural habitats butsome species also live in modified ecosystems and exotic tree plantations.Depending on families and genera, species can be predominantly planticolous,arboreal, or even epigean. The hostplants are known with certainty for less than20% of taxa. The taxonomy and biology of immature stages are largely unknownfor the majority of taxa. Anecdotal evidence suggests that parasitic wasps, birds,

predatory beetles, spiders, and mites may be among the major natural enemies ofNew Zealand Auchenorrhyncha. Overall, about 25% of the fauna is eitherbrachypterous or micropterous. Active dispersal by flight is unlikely for themajority of New Zealand species.

Keywords. Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha, NewZealand, catalogue, classification, distribution, biology, species endemism, fauna.

Larivire, M.-C.; Fletcher, M. J.; Larochelle, A. 2010. Auchenorrhyncha (In-secta: Hemiptera): catalogue. Fauna of New Zealand 63, 232 pp.

Received: 1 July 2009, Accepted: 19 October 2009.


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CONTENTS

Checklist of taxa .......................................................... 13

Acknowledgments ....................................................... 18

Introduction [and associated tables] ........................... 19

Methods and conventions ........................................... 32

Catalogue ..................................................................... 34Bibliography .............................................................. 104

Appendices ............................................................... 122

Appendix A. Glossary ........................................ 122

Appendix B. Plants associated with Auchenorrhynchain New Zealand ............................................. 124

Appendix C. Acronyms of entomological collectionsand museums ................................................ 130

Appendix D. Alphabetical list of taxa incorrectlyrecorded or doubtfully established in New Zealand

...................................................................... 130Appendix E. Geographical coordinates of main

localities ........................................................ 132

Appendix F. Alphabetical list of valid taxa by areas ofNew Zealand ................................................. 136

Appendix G. Type localities of valid Auchenorrhynchataxa from New Zealand ................................ 145

Appendix H. Endemic species currently known fromten populations or fewer .............................. 148

Colour photographs of primary types ..................... 149

Maps ......................................................................... 192Map 1. The New Zealand subregion with area codes

...................................................................... 192

Map 2. Area codes and collecting localities frommainland New Zealand, North Island .......... 193

Map 3. Area codes and collecting localities frommainland New Zealand, South Island and StewartIsland ............................................................. 194

Map 4. Total number of known species-group taxaby areas ......................................................... 195

Map 5. Number of known New Zealand endemicspecies-group taxa by areas .......................... 196

Map 6. Number of endemic species-group taxa knownto be restricted to single areas ...................... 197

Map 7. Number of known adventive species-grouptaxa by areas. ................................................ 198

Species distribution maps ......................................... 199

Taxonomic index ........................................................ 222

CHECKLIST OF TAXA

Notes. Taxa are arranged alphabetically. Synonyms ofadventive taxa (A) from outside the Australian Region, arenot included. A = adventive; E = endemic; N = native butnot endemic to New Zealand.

Order HEMIPTERA

Suborder AUCHENORRHYNCHA

Infraorder CICADOMORPHA ................................ 34

Superfamily CERCOPOIDEA ................................ 34

Family APHROPHORIDAE ..................................... 34

GenusBasilioterpa Hamilton & Morales, 1992 N ..... 35bullataHamilton & Morales, 1992 E ................... 35

GenusBathyllusStl, 1866 A ..................................... 35albicinctus (Erichson, 1842) A .............................. 35

convexaWalker, 1851,LepyroniamoerensStl, 1854,LepyroniaalbiguttaWalker, 1858,Lepyronia

GenusCarystoterpa Lallemand, 1936N ...................... 35aurataHamilton & Morales, 1992E ..................... 35chelyonHamilton & Morales, 1992E ................... 36

fingens(Walker, 1851) E ....................................... 36ikanaHamilton & Morales, 1992E ...................... 36maoriHamilton & Morales, 1992E ...................... 36minimaHamilton & Morales, 1992E ................... 36minorHamilton & Morales, 1992E ...................... 37subtacta(Walker, 1858)E ...................................... 37

subvirescens(Butler, 1874)E

................................. 37trimaculata(Butler, 1874)E .................................. 37tristis(Alfken, 1904)E ........................................... 37

trimaculatus laetusAlfken,PtyelusvagansHamilton & Morales, 1992E .................... 38

GenusPhilaenus Stl, 1864 A .................................... 38spumarius(Linnaeus, 1758) A ............................... 38

GenusPseudaphronellaEvans, 1966E ...................... 38jactator(White, 1879)E ......................................... 39

Superfamily CICADOIDEA .................................... 39

Family CICADIDAE ................................................. 39Subfamily CICADETTINAE ................................... 40

Tribe CICADETTINI ................................................ 40

GenusAmphipsalta Fleming, 1969 E .......................... 40cingulata(Fabricius, 1775) E ............................... 40strepitans(Kirkaldy, 1909) E ................................. 40

cingulatavar. obscuraHudson, 1891, Cicada.Preoccupied.

zelandica(Boisduval, 1835) E .............................. 41


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GenusKikihiaDugdale, 1972 N ................................. 41angusta(Walker, 1850) E ...................................... 41cauta(Myers, 1921) E ........................................... 42cutora cumberiFleming, 1973 E ............................ 42cutora cutora(Walker, 1850) E ............................. 42cutora exulis(Hudson, 1950) E ............................ 43dugdaleiFleming, 1984 E ...................................... 43horologiumFleming, 1984 E ................................. 43

mutavar.flavescensHudson, 1891, Cicada.Preoccupied.

laneorumFleming, 1984 E .................................... 44longula(Hudson, 1950) E .................................... 44muta muta(Fabricius, 1775) E .............................. 44

bilineaWalker, 1858, CicadafuliginosaMyers, 1921,Melampsalta

muta pallida(Hudson, 1950) E ............................ 45ochrina(Walker, 1858) E ...................................... 45

aprilinaHudson, 1891, CicadapaxillulaeFleming, 1984 E ................................... 46rosea(Walker, 1850) E ........................................... 46

mutavar.cinerescensHudson, 1891, Cicadascutellaris(Walker, 1850) E .................................. 46

tristisHudson, 1891, Cicadasubalpina(Hudson, 1891) E ................................. 47

muta var.rufescensHudson, 1891, Cicadamuta var.callistaHudson, 1950,Melampsalta

GenusMaoricicada Dugdale, 1972 E ......................... 47alticolaDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E ..................... 47campbelli(Myers, 1923) E ................................... 48

maoricaMyers, 1923,Pauropsalta

cassiope(Hudson, 1891)E

.................................... 48clamitansDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E .................. 48hamiltoni (Myers, 1926) E ................................... 49iolanthe(Hudson, 1891) E ................................... 49lindsayi(Myers, 1923) E ...................................... 49mangu celerDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E .............. 50mangu gourlayiDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E ....... 50mangumangu(White, 1879) E ............................. 50mangu multicostataDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E . 50myersi(Fleming, 1971) E ....................................... 51nigra frigidaDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E ............. 51nigra nigra(Myers, 1921) E ................................ 51

oromelaena(Myers, 1926) E ................................ 52otagoensis maceweniDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E 52otagoensis otagoensisDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E 52

phaeopteraDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E ................ 52tenuisDugdale & Fleming, 1978 E ........................ 53

GenusNotopsaltaDugdale, 1972N ............................ 53sericea(Walker, 1850) E ........................................ 53

nervosaWalker, 1850, CicadaindistinctaMyers, 1921,Melampsalta

GenusRhodopsaltaDugdale, 1972 E .......................... 53cruentata(Fabricius, 1775) E ................................ 54

cincta Walker, 1850, Cicadamutavar. minorHudson, 1891, Cicada

leptomera(Myers, 1921) E ................................... 54microdora(Hudson, 1936) E ................................. 55

Superfamily MEMBRACOIDEA ............................ 55

Family CICADELLIDAE .......................................... 55Subfamily DELTOCEPHALINAE ........................... 55

Tribe ATHYSANINI ................................................. 55

GenusArahuraKnight, 1975 E .................................. 55dentataKnight, 1975 E .......................................... 56

gourlayiKnight, 1975 E ........................................ 56reticulataKnight, 1975 E ...................................... 56

GenusArawaKnight, 1975 N ...................................... 56dugdaleiKnight, 1975 E ....................................... 56negata(White, 1879) Enew combination ............. 56

salubrisKnight, 1975 new synonym

novella(Metcalf, 1967)N

..................................... 57montanus Evans, 1938, De lt oc ep ha lus.Preoccupied.

pulchraKnight, 1975 N ......................................... 57variegataKnight, 1975 E ....................................... 57

GenusExitianusBall, 1929 N .................................... 58MimodrylixZachvatkin, 1935

plebeius(Kirkaldy, 1906) N .................................. 58norrisiEvans, 1938,EutettixtransversusMetcalf, 1946, Euscelis

GenusLimotettixSahlberg, 1871N ............................. 58DrylixEdwards, 1922

awae(Myers, 1924) E ........................................... 58harrisiKnight, 1975 E ........................................... 59

pallidusKnight, 1975 E ........................................ 59pullatus(Evans, 1942) N ....................................... 59

condylusKnight, 1975

GenusScaphetusEvans, 1966 E ................................. 59brunneusEvans, 1966 E ........................................ 59simusKnight, 1975 E ............................................. 59

Tribe DELTOCEPHALINI ....................................... 60

GenusHoroutaKnight, 1975N .................................. 60inconstansKnight, 1975 E .................................... 60

GenusMaiestasDistant, 1917 N ................................. 60Togacephalus Matsumura, 1940

Inazuma Ishihara, 1953Inemadara Ishihara, 1953Insulanus Linnavuori, 1960

knighti Webb & Viraktamath, 2009 N ................... 60samuelsoni(Knight, 1976) N ................................ 61vetus(Knight, 1975)N ........................................... 61


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Tribe MACROSTELINI ........................................... 61

GenusBalcluthaKirkaldy, 1900 A? ........................... 61incisa(Matsumura, 1902) A ................................. 62lucida(Butler, 1877)A? ......................................... 62viridinervisMatsumura, 1914 A? .......................... 62

GenusMacrostelesFieber, 1866 A .............................. 62

fieberi(Edwards, 1889) A ..................................... 62GenusNesocluthaEvans, 1947 N ............................... 63

IrunulaRibaut, 1948phryne(Kirkaldy, 1907) Nnew combination ........ 63

pallidus Evans, 1942,EusceloscopusobscuraEvans, 1947,Nesoclutha

Tribe OPSIINI ........................................................... 63

GenusOrosiusDistant, 1918 A ................................... 63Nesaloha Oman, 1943

argentatus(Evans, 1938) A .................................... 64

Subfamily EUACANTHELLINAE ........................... 64Tribe EUACANTHELLINI ....................................... 64

GenusEuacanthellaEvans, 1938 A ........................... 64palustrisEvans, 1938 A ......................................... 64

insularisEvans, 1938brunneaEvans, 1966

Subfamily EUPELICINAE ....................................... 65

Tribe PARADORYDIINI .......................................... 65

GenusParadorydiumKirkaldy, 1901N ...................... 65Dorydium Burmeister, 1838. Preoccupied.

Carphosoma Royer, 1907. Unnecessary replacementname.DeltodorydiumKirkaldy, 1907

aculeatumKnight, 1973 E ..................................... 65cuspisKnight, 1973 E ............................................ 65

gourlayiEvans, 1966 E ......................................... 65insulareEvans, 1966 E .......................................... 65

philpottiMyers, 1923 E ........................................ 66stewartensisEvans, 1966

sertumKnight, 1973 E ........................................... 66wattiKnight, 1973 E .............................................. 66westwoodi(White, 1879) E .................................... 66

Subfamily IASSINAE .............................................. 66

Tribe IASSINI ........................................................... 66

GenusBatracomorphusLewis, 1834N ...................... 66EurinoscopusKirkaldy, 1906OssanaDistant, 1914

Acojassus Evans, 1972Edijassus Evans, 1972

adventitiosusEvans, 1966N .................................. 67

angustatus(Osborn, 1934) N? ............................... 67punctatusEvans, 1940,Eurinoscopus

Subfamily IDIOCERINAE ....................................... 67

GenusIdiocerusLewis, 1834A .................................. 67distinguendusKirschbaum, 1868A ...................... 67

GenusRhytidodusFieber, 1872A ............................... 68decimaquartus(Schrank, 1776)A ......................... 68

Subfamily MACROPSINAE ................................... 68

GenusZelopsisEvans, 1966 E .................................... 68nothofagiEvans, 1966 E ....................................... 68

Subfamily TARTESSINAE ...................................... 68

Tribe THYMBRINI ................................................... 68

GenusNovothymbrisEvans, 1941 E ........................... 69cassiniae(Myers, 1923) E .................................... 69castorKnight, 1974 E ............................................. 69

citharaKnight, 1974 E .......................................... 69extremitatisKnight, 1974 E ................................... 69eylesiKnight, 1974 E ............................................. 69hinemoa(Myers, 1923) E ..................................... 70

dunensisMyers, 1923,Diedrocephalamaorica(Myers, 1923) E ...................................... 70

hudsonicaMyers, 1923,DiedrocephalanotataKnight, 1974 E ............................................ 70notialisKnight, 1974 E ......................................... 70

peregrinaKnight, 1974 E ...................................... 70polluxKnight, 1974 E ........................................... 71punctataKnight, 1974 E ........................................ 71

solitariaKnight, 1974 E ........................................ 71tararua(Myers, 1923) E ....................................... 71vagansKnight, 1974 E ........................................... 71

zealandica(Myers, 1923) E ................................. 71

Subfamily TYPHLOCYBINAE ............................... 72

Tribe EMPOASCINI ................................................. 72

GenusKybosFieber, 1866 A ........................................ 72lindbergi(Linnavuori, 1951) A ............................. 72smaragdula(Falln, 1806)A ................................. 72

GenusMatatuaKnight, 1976 E .................................. 72

maorica(Myers, 1923)E

...................................... 72montivagaKnight, 1976 E ..................................... 72

Tribe ERYTHRONEURINI ...................................... 73

GenusAnzyginaFletcher & Larivire, 2009 N .......... 73agni(Knight, 1976)A ............................................ 73barrattaeFletcher & Larivire, 2009 E .................. 73dumbletoni(Ghauri, 1963)A? ............................... 73ramsayi(Knight, 1976) E ...................................... 74toetoe(Cumber, 1952) E ........................................ 74

zealandica(Myers, 1923) N ................................. 74


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kiekieMyers, 1923,ErythroneuracyatheaMyers, 1923,ErythroneuraansonaeMyers, 1923, Erythroneuraix Myers, 1928,Erythroneura

Tribe TYPHLOCYBINI ............................................ 75

GenusEdwardsianaZachvatkin, 1929A .................... 75froggatti(Baker, 1925) A ....................................... 75lethierryi(Edwards, 1881)A .................................. 75

GenusEupteryxCurtis, 1833A ................................... 76melissaeCurtis, 1837A .......................................... 76

GenusRibautianaZachvatkin, 1947A ...................... 76tenerrima(Herrich-Schffer, 1834)A .................... 76

Subfamily ULOPINAE ............................................. 77

Tribe CEPHALELINI ................................................ 77

GenusParacephaleusEvans, 1942 N ......................... 77curtusKnight, 1973 E ............................................ 77

hudsoni(Myers, 1923) E ...................................... 77leptocarpiMyers, 1923, Cephalelus

Tribe ULOPINI .......................................................... 77

GenusNovolopaEvans, 1966 E .................................. 77falcataKnight, 1973 E ........................................... 77infulaKnight, 1973 E ........................................... 78kuscheliKnight, 1973 E ........................................ 78maculataKnight, 1973 E ....................................... 78montivagaKnight, 1973 E ..................................... 78townsendiEvans, 1966 E ....................................... 78

Subfamily XESTOCEPHALINAE .......................... 79Tribe XESTOCEPHALINI ....................................... 79

GenusXestocephalusVan Duzee, 1892 N .................. 79NesotettixLindberg, 1936. Preoccupied.LindberganaMetcalf, 1952. Replacement name.

ovalisEvans, 1966 E .............................................. 79

Family MEMBRACIDAE ......................................... 79

Subfamily CENTROTINAE .................................... 79

Tribe TERENTIINI ................................................... 79

GenusAcanthuchusStl, 1866A ............................... 79

trispinifer(Fairmaire, 1846)A ............................... 79gracilispinusStl, 1869

Family MYERSLOPIIDAE ...................................... 80

Subfamily MYERSLOPIINAE ................................ 80

Tribe MYERSLOPIINI ............................................. 80

GenusMyerslopiaEvans, 1947 E ............................... 80magna amplificataKnight, 1973 E ...................... 80magna magnaEvans, 1947 E ................................ 80magna scabrataKnight, 1973 E ............................ 80

rakiuraensisSzwedo, 2004 E ................................ 81tawhaiSzwedo, 2004 E ......................................... 81tearohaiSzwedo, 2004 E ....................................... 81triregiaKnight, 1973 E .......................................... 81whakatipuensisSzwedo, 2004 E ........................... 81

GenusPemmation Hamilton, 1999 E .......................... 81

asperum asperum(Knight, 1973)E

....................... 81asperum cognatum(Knight, 1973) E .................... 82bifurca(Knight, 1973) E ....................................... 82insulare(Knight, 1973) E ...................................... 82montis(Knight, 1973) E ........................................ 82

parvum(Evans, 1947) E ........................................ 82simile(Knight, 1973) E ......................................... 83terrestre(Knight, 1973) E ....................................... 83townsendi(Knight, 1973) E ................................... 83variabile austrinum(Knight, 1973) E .................. 83variabile variabile(Knight, 1973) E ..................... 84verrucosum(Knight, 1973) E ................................. 84

Infraorder FULGOROMORPHA ............................ 84

Superfamily FULGOROIDEA ................................. 84

Family ACHILIDAE .................................................. 84

Subfamily ACHILINAE ............................................ 84

Tribe ACHILINI ......................................................... 84

GenusAchilusKirby, 1818 A ..................................... 84flammeusKirby, 1818 A ........................................ 84

Tribe PLECTODERINI ............................................ 85

GenusAgandeccaWhite, 1879 E ................................ 85

annectensWhite, 1879 E ....................................... 85

FamilyCIXIIDAE ..................................................... 85

Subfamily CIXIINAE ............................................... 85

Tribe CIXIINI ............................................................ 85

GenusAka White, 1879N ........................................... 85dunedinensisLarivire, 1999 E ............................. 86duniana (Myers, 1924) E ..................................... 86

finitima(Walker, 1858) E ..................................... 86rhodeaeLarivire, 1999 E ...................................... 86westlandicaLarivire, 1999 E ............................... 86

Genus CermadaEmeljanov, 2000 E ............................ 87inexspectata(Larivire, 1999) Enew combination 87

aspilusWalker, 1858, Cixiuskermadecensis(Myers, 1924) E ............................ 87

punctimargo(Walker, 1858) E .............................. 87interiorWalker, 1858, Cixius

triregia(Larivire, 1999) Enew combination ....... 88

GenusChathamaka Larivire, 1999 E ........................ 88andreiLarivire, 1999 E ........................................ 88

GenusConfuga Fennah, 1975 E ................................. 88


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persephoneFennah, 1975 E ................................... 88

GenusHuttiaMyers, 1924 E ...................................... 88nigrifronsMyers, 1924 E ..................................... 88northlandicaLarivire, 1999 E ............................. 89

GenusKoroanaMyers, 1924 E .................................. 89arthuriaMyers, 1924 E ........................................ 89

lancelotiLarivire, 1997 E .................................... 89rufifrons(Walker, 1858) E .................................... 89

helenaMyers, 1924

GenusMalphaMyers, 1924 E ................................... 90cockcroftiMyers, 1924 E ...................................... 90muiriMyers, 1924 E ............................................. 90

irisMyers, 1924

Tribe OECLEINI ....................................................... 90

GenusTiriteanaMyers, 1924 E ................................. 90clarkeiMyers, 1924 E ........................................... 90

Tribe PENTASTIRINI .............................................. 90GenusZeoliarusLarivire & Fletcher, 2008 E ........... 90

atkinsoni(Myers, 1924) E .................................... 91oppositus(Walker, 1851) E .................................... 91

marginalisWalker, 1858, Cixius

Tribe SEMONINI ...................................................... 91

GenusParasemoLarivire, 1999 E ............................. 91hutchesoniLarivire, 1999 E ................................ 91

GenusSemoWhite, 1879 E ......................................... 91clypeatusWhite, 1879 E ........................................ 91harrisi(Myers, 1924) E ........................................ 92

westlandiae Larivire & Hoch, 1998southlandiaeLarivire & Hoch, 1998 E ............... 92transinsularisLarivire & Hoch, 1998 E .............. 92

Family DELPHACIDAE ........................................... 92

Subfamily ASIRACINAE ......................................... 93

Tribe UGYOPINI ....................................................... 93

GenusUgyopsGurin-Mneville, 1834N .................. 93HygiopsAmyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843BidisWalker, 1857SubgenusParaconaFennah, 1965 E ........................... 93

pelorusFennah, 1965E

......................................... 93raouli(Muir, 1923) E ............................................ 93

SubgenusUgyopsGurin-Mneville, 1834N ............. 93caelatus(White, 1879) E ....................................... 93rhadamanthusFennah, 1965 E ............................. 94

Subfamily DELPHACINAE ..................................... 94

Tribe DELPHACINI .................................................. 94

GenusAnchodelphaxFennah, 1965 E ....................... 94hagnonFennah, 1965 E ........................................ 94

olenusFennah, 1965 E .......................................... 94

GenusEorissaFennah, 1965 E .................................... 94cicatrifronsFennah, 1965 E ................................... 94

GenusNilaparvataDistant, 1906 N ........................... 95KalpaDistant, 1906

myersiMuir, 1923 E .............................................. 95

GenusNotogrypsFennah, 1965 E ............................... 95ithomaFennah, 1965 E .......................................... 95melanthusFennah, 1965 E .................................... 95

GenusNotohyusFennah, 1965 E ................................ 95erosusFennah, 1965 E ........................................... 95

GenusOpiconsivaDistant, 1917 N? ........................... 95CorbuloFennah, 1965

dilpa(Kirkaldy, 1907) N? ...................................... 96

GenusSardiaMelichar, 1903 N .................................. 96rostrata pluto(Kirkaldy, 1906)N .......................... 96

GenusSulixFennah, 1965 E ...................................... 96insecutorFennah, 1965 E ...................................... 96miridianalis(Muir, 1917) E ................................. 96tasmani(Muir, 1923) E ......................................... 97vetranioFennah, 1965 E ........................................ 97

GenusToyaDistant, 1906 A ........................................ 97dryope(Kirkaldy, 1907) A ..................................... 97

Family DERBIDAE ................................................... 97

Subfamily CEDUSINAE .......................................... 98

Tribe CEDUSINI ....................................................... 98

GenusEocenchreaMuir, 1913 N ............................... 98GonyphlepsiaJacobi, 1928

maorica(Kirkaldy, 1909) E ................................... 98

Family DICTYOPHARIDAE ................................... 98

Subfamily DICTYOPHARINAE ............................. 98

Tribe DICTYOPHARINI .......................................... 98

GenusThanatodictyaKirkaldy, 1906 N ..................... 98SubgenusNiculdaKirkaldy, 1906 N .......................... 98

tillyardiMyers, 1923 E ......................................... 98

Family FLATIDAE .................................................... 98Subfamily FLATINAE .............................................. 99

Tribe FLATINI ........................................................... 99

GenusAnzoraMedler, 1986 A .................................... 99unicolor(Walker, 1862)A ..................................... 99

cinereaKirkaldy, 1906, Sephena

Tribe SIPHANTINI ................................................... 99

GenusSiphantaStl, 1862A ...................................... 99PhalainesthesKirkaldy, 1899


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SiphantoidesDistant, 1910ParasalurnisDistant, 1910Lombokia Distant, 1910

acuta(Walker, 1851)A ........................................... 99cupidoWalker, 1851,PoecilopteraelegansCosta, 1864, Cromna

schauinslandiKirkaldy, 1899,Phalainesthes

Family RICANIIDAE .............................................. 100

GenusScolypopaStl, 1859A ................................... 100Dechitus Walker, 1862

australis(Walker, 1851)A .................................... 100australis Walker, 1858,FlatoidesurbanaStl, 1859

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

For the opportunity to examine material in their care we

thank J. M. W. Marris (Lincoln University, Lincoln), S. D.Pollard (Canterbury Museum, Christchurch), B. H. Patrick(formerly from Otago Museum, Dunedin), J. W. Early andR. Gilbert (Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland),R. L. Palma and P. J. Sirvid (Museum of New Zealand TePapa Tongarewa, Wellington), M. J. Simmons (Perth Mu-seum and Art Gallery, Perth, Scotland), and M. D. Webb(The Natural History Museum, London).

We are indebted to N. A. Martin (Plant and Food Re-search, Auckland) for contributing precious personal ob-servations on biology and leafhopper study material aswell as for his help with the list of associated plants.

We are also extremely thankful to J. S. Dugdale (Re-search Associate, Landcare Research, Nelson) for gener-ously sharing cicada information accumulated over his longcareer as an entomologist.

We are grateful to overseas colleagues for providingcopies of papers unavailable in New Zealand. For this weextend special thanks to L. L. Deitz (North Carolina StateUniversity, Raleigh).

Many thanks are also extended to R. J. B. Hoare(Landcare Research, Auckland), R. L. Palma (Museum of

New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington), and M.Moir (University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia)

for reviewing the manuscript in its entirety before publica-tion.

We are grateful to B. E. Rhode (Landcare Research,Auckland) for help with the distribution and literature da-tabases, distribution maps, photographs of primary types,and curation of the New Zealand Arthropod Collection,L.H. Clunie (Landcare Research, Auckland) for technicalassistance, particularly dispatching of specimens, G. Hall(Landcare Research, Auckland) for technical support, par-ticularly additional material collected in the field.

We also express our gratitude to D. W. Helmore for thehabitus drawings of the front cover and popular summary,and to Jean-Claude Stahl and Raymond Coory (Museumof New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington) for thehabitus photos of some cicada types.

Finally we also wish to acknowledge past and presentLandcare Research librarians for their valuable help withthe literature search and Landcare Research editors for theirinput at the time of composing introductory sections ofthe catalogue.

The first author is forever grateful to co-author M. J.Fletcher for his many encouragements along the way, es-

pecially his generosity and mentorship since 1997 towardsbuilding up her knowledge of Auchenorrhyncha and estab-lishing herself as an Auchenorrhyncha worker in the South-ern Hemisphere.

The bulk of the work towards this catalogue, includingthe first authors salary, was funded by the Defining New

Zealands Land Biota Outcome Based Funding programmeof the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology(Contract C09X0501). The two co-authors contributedtheir own personal resources towards this work.

.


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INTRODUCTION

The Auchenorrhyncha are a highly diverse group ofhemimetabolous insects. They are treated here as a subor-der of the Hemiptera and include the planthoppers(infraorder Fulgoromorpha), cicadas, froghoppers,spittlebugs, treehoppers, and leafhoppers (infraorder

Cicadomorpha).Auchenorrhyncha is a highly adaptable group that has

evolved into a major component of the phytophagous in-sect fauna in most terrestrial ecosystems and adopted var-ied life habits on nearly all continents and islands (exceptAntarctica), suggesting a long evolutionary history. Thisinsect group probably evolved since the lower Permianand over 42,000 extant species are described worldwide.

The world fauna comprises around 30 to 40 familiesdepending on the classification being followed. Betterknown continental faunas such as those of North America,Europe, or Australia, include thousands of described spe-

cies. Compared with these larger regions of the world, theNew Zealand fauna, currently comprising 12 families, 68genera, and 196 species, may appear relatively small, butwhat it lacks in size it makes up for in uniqueness, e.g.,82% of known species are endemic. From this point ofview New Zealand can be regarded as a biodiversity hotspot for Auchenorrhyncha.

The present catalogue attempts to answer four ques-tions most commonly asked by users of biosystematicsinformation about a group of insects: What, where, when,and how? What Auchenorrhyncha occur in New Zealand,what is their status (e.g., endemic, native but not endemic,

adventive, pest, disease vector) and what are the resourcesavailable to identify and study them? Where do speciesand genera occur (e.g., geographic distribution in NewZealand and overseas, habitats, dispersal abilities)? Whenare they active (e.g., seasonality, mating, oviposition, over-wintering)? How do they live (e.g., feeding preferences,natural enemies)?

To answer these questions this catalogue brings to-gether the available literature and collection-based infor-mation on extant taxa recorded from New Zealands mainislands and its offshore islands. The catalogue has beenwritten with the needs of biosystematists, identifiers,

biosecurity and conservation managers, ecologists, otherbiologists, and members of the public in mind, hence thesections summarising for all species the geographic distri-

bution, biology, dispersal power, and reference to availableidentification tools, taxonomic revisions, and natural his-tory treatments. A species checklist, full bibliography, taxo-nomic index, eight appendices, species distribution maps,and primary type photographs are also provided.

Brief history of Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorphataxonomy in New Zealand

The first native Auchenorrhyncha described from NewZealand were the Cicadidae Amphipsalta cingulata(Fabricius, 1775) andRhodopsalta cruentata(Fabricius,1775). Subsequently, until about the 1930s, the majority

of taxa were mostly described by European workers suchas Walker (18501858) and White (1879), and by two

New Zealand researchers Hudson (1891) and Myers (19211926).

Several early attempts at cataloguing the fauna weremade during that same period, especially by Butler (1874),Hutton (1874, 1898, 1904), White (1879), and Kirkaldy(1909a). Such early checklists were most often straightfor-ward compilations, but Huttons (1904) Index Faunae

Novae Zealandiaewas probably the most comprehensiveand well documented, although his 1898 checklist was alsovery useful because it included keys to most known genera

and several species. Kirkaldys (1909a)List of Hemiptera(excluding Sternorrhyncha) of the Maorian Subregion, withNotes on a few Specieswas largely based on Hutton (1904),with a few additional critical comments such as new syn-onymies or deletions from the fauna. Subsequently, whilethe New Zealand faunal inventory continued to be recordedin the various fascicles of the General Catalogue of

Homopterapublished by Metcalf from the 1930s to thelate 1960s, there would not be another comprehensive fau-nal list until Wises (1977)A synonymic checklist of the

Hexapoda of the New Zealand sub-region, the smaller or-ders. The latter recorded 11 families, 64 genera, and 160

species for the fauna, together with their synonyms, no-menclatural combinations, associated references, and somebasic distributional information. A New Zealand checklistof Hemiptera (excluding Sternorrhyncha), listing validnames based on the 1977 list and subsequently publishedtaxonomic changes, is continually being updated and madeavailable on the internet (see Larivire, 2005, http://hemiptera.landcareresearch.co.nz/, New Zealand Hemipterawebsite). However, no complete synonymical checklisthas been published since 1977.

Little taxonomic activity occurred during the 1940sand the 1950s, although Evans (1941, 1942, 1947) and

Hudson (1950) added a few taxa to the fauna, in the leaf-hopper and cicada families respectively. The period from1965 to 1984 was more prolific, yielding several new taxaand important taxonomic revisions, mainly due to the ef-forts of Fennah (1965; Delphacidae), Evans (1966;Cicadellidaesensu lato), Knight (19731976; Cicadellidae

sensu lato), Fleming (1969, 1973, 1984; Cicadidae), Dugdale(1972; Cicadidae genera), and Dugdale & Fleming (1969,1978; Cicadidae). Knight was, and remains, by far the most

productive reviser of the New Zealand fauna, having worked


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on most leafhopper groups, describing new genera andapproximately 50 new species.

The most recent period of active taxonomic researchhas occurred since 1992. Of special interest are the publi-cations of Hamilton & Morales (1992; revision ofAphrophoridae), Larivire (1997b, 1999; revision ofCixiidae), Larivire & Hoch (1998; revision of Cixiidae),Hamilton (1999b; re-examination of Myerslopiidae gen-era), Emeljanov (2000; new Cixiidae genus); Larivire &Fletcher (2004; identification key to genera and species ofleafhopper families); Szwedo (2004a; new Myerslopiidaespecies); Larivire & Fletcher (2008;Zeoliarus, new genusof Cixiidae); and Fletcher & Larivire (2009; revision of

Anzygina, Cicadellidae).The best available revisions (i.e., those containing us-

able keys, comparative descriptions, characters of the malegenitalia, type data, comprehensive synonymies, andenough distributional information), are for the familiesAphrophoridae, Cicadellidae, Cicadidae (genusMaoricicadaonly), and Cixiidae. However, some or part of these groupsneed to be re-investigated, e.g., a new key to Aphrophoridaegenera is needed, and the cicadellid generaArahura, Arawa,

Horouta, Limotettix, Novothymbris, Paradorydium,Scaphetus, Matatua, andZelopsisneed additional revision-ary work. Knights revisions of leafhopper groups andFennahs (1965) review of the Delphacidae were based onlimited study material. A large amount of new material hasaccumulated in collections since the end of the 1970s andthese specimens remain largely unidentified. In theCicadidae, four out of five genera have never been revised

taxonomically. It may come as a surprise to many readersthat the morphological taxonomy of cicadas, such an iconicinsect group in New Zealand, is still in its infancy and thatwhat little published information is available is patchy andscattered. Larivire et al. (2006) improved access to exist-ing information but this cannot replace the need for a thor-ough taxonomic treatment of the family Cicadidae.

The Delphacidae have never been thoroughly revised,although Fennah (1965) provided preliminary insights intothe New Zealand fauna. The available work onMyerslopiidae and Ulopinae (Cicadellidae) is insufficientto provide a good understanding of the fauna, mainly be-

cause very few specimens were available to earlier work-ers. Szwedo (2004a) made a recent effort at describing newMyerslopiidae species but ad hocdescriptions based onvery small sample sizes, sometimes involving only onesex, are not always as useful as one might think, especiallyin groups that are in great need of overall revision.

Furthermore, so much new material has been collectedand deposited in New Zealand collections over the last 30years one of the most dynamic insect surveying periodsin New Zealand that numerous Auchenorrhyncha taxa

remain to be described even in groups worked on by previ-ous researchers. The authors estimate that theAuchenorrhyncha fauna may reach 300 to 350 specieswhen totally described.

Potential revisers of the fauna, whether from NewZealand or overseas, are encouraged to examine materialfrom all the main New Zealand entomological museumsand collections (see list, p. 130). They may also find ituseful to note that over 65% of primary types of NewZealand Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha (see type pho-tographs, pp. 149-191) have been deposited in thiscountrys entomological museums and collections (see alsoPalma et al., 1989; Early & Gilbert, 1993; Nicholls et al.,1998), mostly in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection(NZAC). Approximately 18% of types can also be locatedin the Museum of Natural History (London), leaving onlyabout 17% of types scattered among other overseas collec-tions. The high proportion of primarily local or readilyaccessible type repositories means specimens can be moreeasily studied, making the process of revising taxa rela-tively less complicated for Auchenorrhyncha than for manyother insect groups, which have most of their New Zealandtypes scattered through several overseas collections. Inaddition, Virtual collections of New Zealand types are

being made available on the internet (see Larivire & Rhode,2002, http://hemiptera.landcareresearch.co.nz/, NewZealand Hemiptera website).

Higher classification

Bourgoin & Campbell (2002) proposed five monophyleticgroups within the Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha (psyllids,aleyrodids, aphids, coccids), Fulgoromorpha(planthoppers), Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers, treehoppers,spittlebugs, cicadas), Heteroptera (true bugssensu stricto),and Coleorrhyncha (moss bugs). Traditionally theFulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha have been referred toas Auchenorrhyncha (a suborder of Hemiptera). Severalrecent studies have investigated the phylogenetic relation-ships between the five monophyletic suborders of Hemi-

ptera or infraorders of Auchenorrhyncha (depending onthe classification followed), e.g., Campbell et al., 1995;

Sorensonet al., 1995; Yoshizawa & Saigusa, 2001; Bourgoin& Campbell, 2002; Dietrich, 2002; Shcherbakov & Popov,2002; Szwedo, 2002. Other important issues were alsoinvestigated, such as the possibility that planthoppers could

be grouped under the suborder Archaeorrhyncha and otherAuchenorrhyncha under Clypeorrhyncha, and whether ornot Auchenorrhyncha is a monophyletic lineage.

Cryan (2005) reconstructed a molecular phylogeny ofthe infraorder Cicadomorpha supporting the major rela-tionships within this group as (Membracoidea (Cicadoidea,


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Table 1. Higher classification of New Zealand Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera).1Achilidae are paraphyleticin Urban & Cryans (2007) phylogenetic hypotheses, with one achilid taxon arising from within the Derbidae.2 Hamilton (2001) gave an alternative view on Cercopoidea classification.

CicadellidaeDeltocephalinae

Athysanini

DeltocephaliniMacrosteliniOpsiini

EuacanthellinaeEuacanthellini

EupelicinaeParadorydiini

IassinaeIassini

IdiocerinaeMacropsinaeTartessinae

Thymbrini

TyphlocybinaeEmpoasciniErythroneuriniTyphlocybini

UlopinaeCephaleliniUlopini

XestocephalinaeXestocephalini

MembracidaeCentrotinae

Terentiini

CicadoideaCicadidae

CicadettinaeCicadettini

Cercopoidea 2

Aphrophoridae

FULGOROMORPHAFulgoroidea

DelphacidaeAsiracinae

UgyopiniDelphacinae

DelphaciniCixiidae

CixiinaeCixiiniOecleiniPentastiriniSemonini

DerbidaeCedusinae

CedusiniAchilidae 1

Achil inaeAchil iniPlectoderini

DictyopharidaeDictyopharinae

DictyophariniFlatidae

FlatinaeFlatiniSiphantini

Ricaniidae

CICADOMORPHAMembracoidea

MyerslopiidaeMyerslopiinae

Myerslopiini

Cercopoidea)) and compared results against previous hy-potheses based on molecular and morphological data.Cryans work offers the most recent high-level phylogenyfor Cicadomorphan families placing, as did Bourgoin &Campbell (2002), the Myerslopiidae as the sister group of

the remaining Membracoidea. Cryan did not, however, testthe hypothesis that Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorphamay form a monophyletic lineage (the Auchenorrhyncha).

Urban & Cryan (2007) reviewed the main hypothesespreviously put forwar

fauna of new zealand auchenorrhycha

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