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:DIRECTOR, FBI DATE: 6/-;1.2/59. '"'
SUBJECT:, -:Remylet 6/1/59. ;-_; 16 --J.6 .. ''-:--Oil-6/.8/-591 __, . SpeclaJ. Pr6duc.t
I ,Sales, :Eastman Kqdak 'Co.,. Rochester,; N:.Y . , advi'sed that).. ' . - . -. ' ' ; . - .. . . , - ~ . . . - ~ - - ,BureaU Teques ted ,to make n e c E ; t s ~ a c y cha,ugeBuffalo. copy c r r ~ c t e d ~ . . '
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- p ~ c h ; l S G ' o ~ q o i ; - 1 3 - :for S p d c t r Q : : J c o l ) ~ c ll'iltl.ana P ) . n 1 j ~ - i'.ro::t.'tM Easti:!!Ul. R O t ; ~ C.O!lllnny,,_ r-'>Ac;:jtot1 n. 7;.,_ . t U i ' ~ a 1 o . hful; JlO out::ttnnalns # l v C 3 t ; l g a t i : ~ . ;hit\tis ~ n s . p ~
O n t : ~ . .Cotz ot ~ h i s .lcttor h ~ ' b o ~ c ~ i r , : m t o l tfor D u r o n \ ~ n la i ' ~ 3 7 7 . 9 . l c : : a p t i o n ~ L l 11HIC:nCDCY.l} J . f . . 1 ~ ~ ~ ~i $ e l : ! U . ~ : \ ' 1 th(!. ~ ; f a l . O .Oi'.tj;QO' hail b.co.l\ ! u r n ~ h h l ! J thp.apJ?ro.Prini;C.. lir;:b tQ. tn11 Dutettu, ~ d " p r - this ca_p.Mcn.
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D e c e i J : i b ~ r i;u* :1959 .. .
- -- ------Dea.r Mr. Luther:.. _ . Youv.letter of Deceml;ler a, 1959, has been broughtto my \lttention. c ..
Fqr y ~ m r ~ f o r m a t i o n , the FBi never s ~ ~ e d any .;Press relE;!ases nor 4o we have any rij,aterial available for publi .disseinination cqncerniilg tl,le mi.ci:odot process.I t E! true that in connection: with public tours of FBI
, H e a q q u a r t ~ r ~ , .tile. eM Pt:C!4uct of ihls process is ~ m display, . H o w ~ ...ever, Sipce .the' ~ 4 r o d Q t contih.ues tObe of a s ~ c u r i t y Significance;:
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JUte FBI caimQt disclose any facts regarding th& preparation or "'n ].specific use of microdots which, we have encountered in officilil:coinvestigations. . : , ~ -
Htt.r. I trust you will u n d e ~ s t a n d the. specific. reasons.for 2imy position in this !llatter. ~
Sinc.erely yours,: ~ c l ; . r ~ ~ ~ : i o o y ~
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RBA1>3M. ,tiENLARGERSFllB CABINI!l'S
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' 2803' EAST. 56TH STREET, INDIANAPOLIS 20 , INDIANACLIFFORD 30544
December 81 ~ 9 5 9
Tourist Elcbibit
security.
inU n J ~ o r t u r m t e ~ ~ r . I do not expect
DUPLICATINGUNIT SYSTEMS
Is i t p o s s i b ~ e to obtain a se t of press-releases, .reports, and o.ther
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SUBJECT:
Research e c t i o ~ .
irifor.mation JUniper 5 - ~ 5 7 7 ,any time next as to the results his i n q _ t , ~ i r y ,was advised appropriate. inquiry would be made r e ~ a r d i n ~ . h i s request and.h
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Jones to DeLoach memorandumfrom H. M. McCoy, Colonel in the U .S. Air Force, dated 5/8/53, requested! 1 m1 r iupmen a e ureay.. c oy s a ethat had been cleared by the Department of the Air. Force up to and includinsecret classification information. On 6 2 53 was shown the microdot macand some microdots which were no longer considered secret'!'' With regard to contactswith the PSEA, Mr. Tolson commented, "We should have nothing further to do with. ' . .the Bureau and asked f o ~ almost the identical same thing as requested byl ion3/31/60. By l e t t ~ r dated 11/20/59,.,Tate was informed that since the microdottechniqas een use or many years and:-is still in use by foreign espionage agents, theformulas encountered in official inveMigations by the FBI could not be disclosed.RECOMMENDATION:
. ru y c .n ac an 1 ormhim that the Bureau's policy had not changed with regarq:to r.eleasing informationreg?ding the German microdot information since the Director c on 1 l 20 59 ..
froin the F_BI on a "one - way _street" basis.
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A 1 sn 1ncluded in Enclosure No 1 1 " "' .. .1aoove referred to . The 1 I.Lert: is identical \'11th the I photographed in th is en- bvelope; the [ I on the ,..i O'hi:. wi l l j:,,. A a ,;:! , '':'"-..... ., .... , .l.t:&&er ana :LS being x-urnished the Bureau as an enclosure tothis le t te r . I t is noted that the photographic image 1& not on a1:1 rat io the - 1, . 1 - ~ :Ls 1 " " ' " ' ~ ! ' : h ~ o n . . . "' ~ I ~ .
Enclosure No. 2 consists nf' sb r ' - ..... 'r .I
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a comolete nicture ot' thial I_j Accora:Lng.Ly, :Ln order to bl i t: w . . . . "" ' ..........Inn the evening ot ' 12/22/'lQ ann t :ho 1 " " ~
m e ~ . W1th. Speo:l.al .AJienta JOSEPH F ~ DIFFLEY and I JJ -A t this t:im . r b
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' '' ' Inoiuded With EnCf!lO!,UISi!.IU:Ul"t'!:so._;l'\2-.l:liJ;LS.Ii.IJ!the::.J: - - - - - - - - - - , . _ _JI b 7 DI t ' is to be _. t:.t.at- this j 1I I ~
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At the timel Ib7
J Th1S error was called to his at tent ion,.,,.,.., . . , . . - - u n . . . , . . , ~ w r . r l t l ' " ' t j - : q " ' t t " ' l l . ' " ' . t;Fl't i t was decided not to press him as to wh:v he ' th1 s~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - ~ J At a la te r , more appropriate time he wil l be questionedabout th is .
l!OncJ.osure No .J:i "ons 1 R ts of' s i_x_ Ias it was a c t u a l l y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ j - - JI t is to be noted cnac _1;11e_1 I
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1""'TTle p n o T o ~ r a E J l s contained in Enclosure No. 2 are enlarged photo-graphs I I_, "- 0 oL -" ..II I
I t should be noted that a t the infoi'I!Iant s reauest andupon being told ~ 1 h a t Itacting A ~ ~ n t p u ~ ~ h a s e a ] I which were used in this-r I '"""'"'with thiS I
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~ e . s ~ r t f u Associate .~ h ~ ' w ~ ~ ~ Q 1 , 1 1 . . . C o m p a n y712!).Envoy Court. ~ a s 71 Texas
.Augitst 3, 1960
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Engineering & Research
J. EDGAR HOOVER
RESEARCH.ASKED ME TOINfORMATIONLO AGENT
:1 S U S ~ E C T THAT, I f AfTER PRELIMINARY
'II ELL
7128 Envoy Court
S E RVI
JULY
ES
Dallas25, 1960
THE REDUCTIONOffiCE
ECONOMICALLY SOUND, WE .WOULD WRITE A .PROPOSAL SUGGEST.ING SOME INVESTMENTAT THIS STAGE, OUR INVESTIGATION IS STRICTLY EXPLORATORY, AND W E ~ O U g B QAPPRECIATE ANY INfORMA}.ION YOU MIGHT BE WILLING TO GIVE tl5. AUG 1_..,,
Texas
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FROM
, ~ U . B J E c : r r :.'., .__-COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUESUTILIZED BY SOVIET.AND SATELLITEINTELLIGENCE SERVICES.
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Inqrom===aodvbS.~ .
Refcr ra l /Consul_t
Refer r2 l /Consu l tI
and for that reason.are easier to conceai in a communication than .black or dark microdot.s. . such ar I
r' ~ ___ ~ , . . _ r______________________ .__r___,
~ ~ ~ - . - - - - - - - - ~ - - ~ - - ~ . ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~RefeLra l /CoJisul t
[has come to the Bureau's.. t> l ~ . . : . . . ~ _ . .
~ " " " ' E W : ~ l l h ( 91 - wells .. Room 7651, . ... ... .
J ! , ', . . . . i , ~ , i \ I Y < : < s .. .,. ~ ! " J : ; , 1 1 i r i R p __ .r.,..!"-L...il U W ! J - - - - - . . . . . - - . , _ ~ ~ ~ - - - . ; . , - . _" _ . ~ - ~ ~ ~ - _ . . . . . . , ---. ; ; . J ~ t t l : = . . ' .. . . .. . ': . ... , -, . . . . ' 1r - - . " ... ,t-., -- . . _,- ...
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- ~ : ~ ~ . -... . - - - -- ..! . '' ' .'' .l . ' .. ' . . -. _Q. '' . 0-tn 'u,.. '.Re: COMMUNICATIONS;TECHNIQUES ' .UTILIZED BY SOVIET AND SATELLITE'.".T. , rTn"'"'if ' . .;. ,. . .. .
att"ention previously. This techn:i.aue I I
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I was referred to by Rudolf I . Abel, collV?ioc.tect RussianEspionage Age';t (Bufile 6 5 - 6 4 ~ 3 8 ? , . ~ s "soft film. " Such film lias- -.. .2 .... , .iiails, ....... ..... )" """':1"'1 . . . .v .... - G cuff l i n k ~screws, bolts , e t cetera; men's jewelry such as andt ie clasps made with cavit ies for such p u r p o ~ e s ; - ~ m a l l b ~ t t e r i ~ s remade
w . ~ o ~ . u . .., ..v ... ~ . ~ . .... , ...... ...... . . . . . .. v . . . . . v ...........of such film can be rol led together for placement in a very smallcavity or wadded into a small place. The film can be recovered even. .. . -~ v Di:I.S ..... u r ........... ;t:Ou uy .- ---w ...... """'""'"' ......_..s_moothing on glass. Refer r a l /Consu l t. . -
1 '.l'ne Hureau nas_Ut:OeD .... " 'y1 I l l : o r m ~ "tl.On concernl.ng 1:n1ssecurity measure. .. R e f e r r ~ l / C o n s u l t' . ..I - 2 - ..' ..' ' . . .. . . . . . .. . - - - -- - ~ - - - ~ ~ - .. -= ............ '' ....______ "' ....... .. -- - - - - ~ " " " --------- -- ____ .._ .... ' .. . . '' . ... . . '. . ' - .. . . ._,.._ ....
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.. , " -.. . ..Memorandum to Mr. ~ mRe: COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES _UTILIZED BY SOVIET AND SATELLITEINTELLIGENCE SERVICES
I
Q.
neferral_/,'"':nn:.;;u_lSome writings prepared in ' th i s manner with certain
chemical compounds can be detected without changing the appearancesof the documents. Secret writings prepared with other chemicalscannot be detected w ~ t h o u t permanently al ter ing the documents.The statement "Several hours -are r ~ q u i l ' e d to L.l---:,.......,:--___.I lis of in te res t to the Laboratory.-.,T. " " e = - - c p = c J r : : : o , . . . . l o = n = ~ < 4 E i . , d , . . . . , d ' - e : : : v : - : : e " ' 1 r : o = p t m : - : e : : - : n : : - : t . , . . . - , s : : : u : : : l l 1 : = v : - = , e - = s " ' t - = s = - ' t h a t I 1
"- -Another possibiHty woUld bel~ - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ -RECOMMENDATION: That the information in th i s memorandum befurnished the Liaison Section for approP.riatedisposition.. '1 ~ , 0
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FBI Laboratorygat, Bonn (65-289)v
Re Bonn le t ter dated 7-24-59.
Foregoing for your information.
9 JUl. J 1961--
Ref ; ; ; : r r _ ct l / Co11s u l t
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i ... t ' --6NITE0 STA'rEs
emor anTO DATE: 7/19/62 . Troller
T.ele. R o om
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SUBJECT: IICRODOJS' RESEARCH
Attached are the resu l t s of a research projec t on theproduction of microdots. This projec t I'las undertaken to develop 1re a ~ v e y s ~ m p ~ ~ e me o s o pro u c 1 ~ g m1cro ots an to . ~determine the resolut ion l imi ta t ions of the commercially avai lable .films,. various camera lenses and s ec ia l order fi lms. In addit ion .;1 t 1s essent1al to t e s t some o the information \'lhich has come to "our at tent ion through e s p i o n ~ g e invest igat ions and other sources 0of information. Q
"'RECOMMENDATION:That th is material be f i led fo r future reference. r.'j-"1"f.J
65-37793 '!..
.
1 - Bufile (80-687)
Enclosure 1:-3 77?3-1 . 7011/ .-16 JUL 24
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_(
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. . 0 0The minimum size of microdots depends primarily on
the resolutions of the film on 1 ~ h i c h the dot is made. I t isalso dependent on the resolutions of the lens system. ~ y usingLaboratorv microscopes andlor OPtical benches and sPecial h i ~ hresolution film, i t is possible to make microdots extremelysmall. This is the system used by the Germans during IVorldWar I I . I t is not a nractical svstem from an onerationalstandpoint because i t requires that an agent have a microscopein order to read the microdot. In addition, the a ~ e n t 1 ~ o ~ l d needto have eauinment and film emulsion canable of nroducinP" dn-t nn th P """ n-1' mic-1'ntln1: n n . , . n v i ~ ~ + o l v ro;/nrl n1- " " in.-h , .n , , . , . . , hm.r\1-r I I
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memorandum was based onl
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--- - -. ..- . . - ~ " ' 1 : . . ' . .-, A - . "-.. . /"'\ . .< . .
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I K U S S ~ a n t l . K ~ u o . L p n !'ueJ. nau several rol ls Oi: 35 mm lt649film w h ~ c h he s p e c ~ a 1 oraerea 1:nro!Jgn a New York camera store.I I
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. c' . , c ~' c. ' ' ' c. . c0c.. .. Oc c.. . e o .' ' b7E \. . .. '
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Samples of a ll of the results obtained are attached.
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R e m y l ~ t i l"l3-62. 0 / ; , . : . . i . , ; ; . ~ y , r '.>The :following two. described f:teins are 'furni's)let! fo the Bti.
i n f o r m a t i o ~ in connection with c o m m u r i i c a t i o ~ s techniques and apparatusused by Ea?te:rn intelligence in. this a r e a ~ Fe . f e r r a l /Con su l t
....," ~ r - _ _ _ : ' ' - ' . ! ; . _ " " " " " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . l _ _ : ~
~ ~ . ? ' : " ' , = - ~ = - , $ ; ~ . . : . : : - I _ n _ t _ h _ e _ e _ , v _ e _ n _ t _ t _ h - e l 3 U r - - e - a _ u _ h _ a - s _ r e _ c _ e - ~ v - e _ d _ p _ r e _ v _ i o _ u _ s _ i _ n f _ o _ r m a _ r - _ i . , . _ ~ - ~ - f-o'o-._r_a_J_/ ~ ~ - - [ _ , .Jt' -' I p h o t ~ ' i r a ~ c apparatus c ~ p a b l ~ of pro.ducing mikrats directly' f:rom originals, \/ t h ~ s ; o f f would appreciate a brief summary description of such apparatus\ and a d ~ as to l :he thr a,ny or ~ of the def!crip')ii'Ve -.information might be L ~ I ,
: f u r n i s h e ~ t o
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- . , . : : / ~
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. l t h o u g ~ t ~ e B ~ e a ~ has ~ e c e i v e 4 preYious i n f o ~ a t i o n q ~ rapid . t r a n s ~ s s i ~ ~ rad:io _ ql1ipme_nt, the enclosed" p p ~ a i s to ' deflprflie a different
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R e f e r ~ a l / C o n s u l t
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TO MR. A. H. BELMONT
>ROM MR. I. W. CONRDATE: 2 / 2 ~ / 6 3
SUBJECT: LABORATORY RESEARCH b7CMicrodots are miniature photographs of illtelligence material, such aspages of coded messages, photographs, and the like. These microdots are so tiny(about .the size of the head of a pin) that they may be easily concealed under apostage stamp, under the flap of an envelqpe, inserted.intoa slit in the corner ofa postal card, etc. This eruie of concealment and the resulting difficulty of -
detectiOn arel of course, the primary reasons for :their use in espionage work.For m_any ~ ~ s the best available approach to detecting such microdots has beenthe use-of X':i''ays followed by an actual careful Phvsica:l examination of the susPeccarrier. -document under a microscoPe. I I
~ I I~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~\,.) This problem has, of course, been with us for many years and l ~ e otherinvestigative problems hasbeen receivingcontinuing vigorous scientific b7- attention .bY the Laboratory in al i effort to provide a better my
B MAY 2?
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Memorandum to Mr.BelmontRE: LABORATORY .RESEARCH
ACTION:
e- ,_
We are immediately initiating a research project looking1owardreliminar e '" ' advised of Oll,r progres.s and.specific.ally because o f ~ t h e highly confidential nature.of this matter appropriate approval will be. obtaine.d before any ac,tual microdot. . . u.
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._.
-. . .-' . ..- ~ - - - () .. .- -
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' ._ . Dqar ~ . Hurray:
, !ii u l ~ e c J ~ o t ~ e p u b l : ~ c . . . . -,.
' T " i ' in.pubJ,t ~ < ! u r c e . n a t o r i ~ - 1. assistance -to- rou:' .
MAILED 11- JUNJ).... 196$'COMMFBI ::. J' . . ,
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-:-- .
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2722 "'P.u.K S,!..lt.EET .."
Mr. J . Edgar HooyerDirector
May 31, 1963
Federal Bureau of Investigation. D e ~ r Mr. Hoover:
Thank you for th is information.
NA?.I:gb
TELEPHONE$ EVEII.GUEN S-of8.f7EVEROEJ!N 8-2925
.-'
!'t 1 JUN '7 1963--
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.,.~ - . . ."' " ,... .TrO:_nsmlttal.F-orm
~ : - . -- .,.. "FEDERAL BUREAU OF iNVESTIGATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.. 2 0 5 3 ~ .To, FBI,. Richmond ~ 6 ? , . . N e w ) . J?ate' August 27;, 1 9 ~ 9
Re:One Dollar : F ~ d e r a l . . . _ Reserve .Note, 1963 ~ e : ~ ; : l , e s ,.Number B01476893]i''14l:sce.L.La_neous
Richmond.T. FX .tu . I /DOCUI\ient /,'l/nla/.I SpE!clinen received S/.13/69 '
. - .. ,.
.The "dot!' on. Qi. is .not. a. microdot.. lt= appears to: bep r 1 n t e ~ on tne tape .us1ng some sor.t o:r pz:inting. a e v ~ c e . anci . , ,r e s e m b l ~ s regular p r . ~ n t ~ n ~ :ink . I ~ J;tas. no known s i g ~ i f i ' ? a . n ~ e , , 1ta. t h ~ I..aboratory ,. althol1gh it . pould. be .u:t:l,Uzed ~ ! : ! a. signal ,of i.some. sor t . ' l
.. J'The llollar. b i l l . Ql i!3 returned herewi tli . ~ h e . t ~ ~ e : ' 1, Iand dot are retained. ,..
. --,_ -
_ _ . : _ -
--
' 'A Labo ...... ry ..report is not =pe'i!lg made, 1'M61LEQ a . . . .AUG2'(1969
/PAGE
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. .. .'1:1'.CORDED8'-14-69c
UNITED STATES DEBARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Re: ONE DOLI.d\R FEDERALRESERVE NOTE, 1963 SERIES,NUMBER B0-14-76893FMISCELLANEOUS00: Richmond
monExamin!ltion requested: DocumentResult of Examination:
I I
I
Date received:
'
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E;Sexwe Np_te,. i96:3 : ~ e p . i e s , .Numberi B0J.4-7689.3F
RE URN EVIDENCE
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. . . . "1
. ..bb7
FBI LABORATORY
SERIES,
(00: Richmond)ro r the Bureau is the original or the
to 0'7
examination or dot on the enclosed dollarascertain i f i t has any. signiricance \Thich WOUldThe FBI
so that i t can be returned to the donor.
; - , ' 'Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan"
J
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f"' ---" -p A .. ,-, . . .,-' -""' - -. .. --- .' 1j \3-/ 'Q -PJRECORDED Fl:,'!n:::RAL Bl Ul'' !NV t:.f!GA T1UN8-111-69 UNIT!;:D STATES DEPARTME:NT OF JUSTICE;
Laboratory Work SheetRe: File 'if NO LAB F I L E ~ -did- ~ ..- ' ..n,;, .1: Lab. 'if ~ - ;> ( I / li / I
RESERVE NOTE. 1963 SERIES, . D-690814005 HNUMBER B01476893Froo:>00: Richmond
'Kxamination requesteaoy: Richmond (62-new) L. 8-ll-69Examination requested: ~ ~ Date received: o , . , " nResult of Examination: Examination by:
Specimens submitted for exumination
Ql One Dollar Federal Reserve Mpte, 1963 Series, Number B0l476893F
RETURN EVIDENCE
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(____...._- -URFILEBU F I L E , _ - - . . - . , ; - ~
DESC. OF ENC: Ol'ir;:::.nul of one d o l l o . ~ : bo;:l;l.,C O ~ ! l H 1.et "i:b Bureau dated 8/ l l /69 .
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. AUTHOHITY DEHHIED FLO:f-r:AUTOI:'f..A.TIC DECLASSIFIC"3 :mJ GUIDE02-2:3-2Cl2
PROMa
Also enclosed t. the F.BI Laboratory are t1ve1'l'OIIl a &ketoh,turniabed by
FBI LabQratorr 111 requested to advise 1f
(lbels. 10) (RM)Laborato1",V) .
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TO
FROM
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Mr. DATE:, 10120/16
B. P.
'PURPOSE:
microdots "
Microdots "are produced on
Auoc . Oir.__Dep. AD lnv ,__
Asst. Dlr.:Ad111. S e r v , _ _
F i t ~ ~ , & Pen, ,.,..._Gen,lnv.__ldenl.
l n t e i i . - ~ LoborolofY---legal Ccun.___ Rec .Mgn t . _Spec. lnv._ _Training__
DlrectOt" Sec'y __
the "image size. . After: th e image is reduced ,to thes ize of a: microaot ,; th,e' "microdot i s bleached to. hide th e
' DETAILS:'FILMS
emulsion.
the microdot .
For informat ion.:APPROVED!Assoc. Dlr.___Dep. AD lnv._____
Asst. Olr.:l\dm. Se r v . _ _ -Spec. lnv ...- ..Jralnlng - - -
,, .such as Kodak h;Lgh resolut ion f.i'lm' resolut i on film and Agfa hi'gh .resoluti:on. .
L J
Bonds Plan FBI /OOJ
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Memorandum to Mr Cochran-""' .L'"" ..
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ndum toenioraRe:: MCRODOT
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IMENTCONCEAL
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-a- .-Mr. CochranINFORMATION
'ANEOUSISCELI; 'I
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_ .......... .. ' . .Memorandum to. Mr. CochranRe :' ,MICRODOT INFORMATION
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TO Mr.
J . Creamer, .Jr .
(S)
DERHIED FP.O:U:
File
ADTOM.iUIC D E C L l ~ S S I F I C U ~ T I O N GUIDE
l 0 - 26 -2011
!"' r.lNCLAz":IFIE!J EXCEI'TSHOUN OTHEPUI SE
APPROVED:
__ _...........,..Exec. A O / u t : ~ .Exec. AOLES-.
1 - Mr. HerndonDATE: 1/2
Mm. Sorv.Crim. l n v ~ - - -
Tw,:r.lr.g , _ = - - .Pcblic Affo. Off:....__??_J.J-
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