fc.63 the medieval agricultural revolution and its impact)
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FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT). Warmer climate better conditions for agric. Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E. Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41). More efficient ways to organize fields:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
Able to support revival of towns, trade & kings (FC.64)
Society on the Cusp of the Agricultural Revolution
• Self-Sufficient Manors
Society on the Cusp of the Agricultural Revolution
• Self-Sufficient Manors• Ag Weaknesses
– Scratch Plow– Two-Field System– Low Crop Yields
Society on the Cusp of the Agricultural Revolution
• Self-Sufficient Manors• Ag Weaknesses
– Scratch Plow– Two-Field System– Low Crop Yields
• Potential
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)Climate?
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids?
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crops?
Advantages? Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
Advantages? Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plant how many fields any one
year?
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
A
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Fallow
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Year2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Yr 2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Yr 2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Yr 2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Yr 2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Yr 2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Yr 2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Year 1
Yr 2
Year 3
Year 4
Spring Winter Fallow
Spring WinterFallow
Fallow SpringWinter
Spring Winter Fallow
Winter crop = grain (e.g., wheat)Spring crop = Legume (e.g., peas)
A
60 acres
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Two Field system
Planted? Fallow?
A
60 acres
Planted
30Fallow
30
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Two Field system
50% efficiency3-field system
Spring
20Winter
20Fallow
20
How many planted & fallow?
A
60 acres
Spring
20Winter
20Fallow
20
Planted
30Fallow
30
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Two Field system
50% efficiency3-field system
A
60 acres
Spring
20Winter
20Fallow
20
Planted
30Fallow
30
40 acres crops each year
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
50% efficiency3-field system
Efficiency?
A
60 acres
Spring
20Winter
20Fallow
20
Planted
30Fallow
30
40 acres crops each year 67% efficiency
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
50% efficiency3-field system
How many more crops?
A
60 acres
Spring
20Winter
20Fallow
20
Planted
30Fallow
30
40 acres crops each year 67% efficiency 33% more crops
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
50% efficiency3-field system
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
How much plowing do you have to do?
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
How do you use that extra time?
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
The wooden scratch plow that was suited for the thinner soils of the Middle East and Mediterranean
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals What do
peasant do?
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
So whose land gets plowed
first?
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Horses?
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Collar?
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Hooves?
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Advantages of the plow horse?
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)
Feudalism more polit. stability (FC.41)
Warmer climate better conditions for agric.
Viking, Arab & Magyar raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
AAFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon Size of area that could supply towns?
Area of a circle?
πr2
Area of a circle if the radius is 10 miles & we round π to 3 ?
~300
Area of a circle if the radius is 15 miles?
~675
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
Food?
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands Population?
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Need to do what?
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
Some stats…
• 4 bushels per bushel planted (vs. 1.5-2)• Population from 3580 million from 1000-
1340• Life Expectancy: 2535
AFC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
Able to support revival of towns, trade & kings (FC.64)
FC.63 THE MEDIEVAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT)Feudalism more polit. stability
(FC.41)Warmer climate better
conditions for agric.Viking, Arab & Magyar
raids let up by 1000 C.E.
No cross-plowing
Time to dev. New lands
Furrows Some crops after flood or
drought
Need more draught animals Peasants share plow teams
More efficient ways to organize fields:Crop rotation using
legumes to replenish nitrogen in the soil
3-field system Plants 2/3 fields 33% more
land farmed
Less soil exhaustion & more varied & balanced diet
Less fallow to plow 2X/yr More time to
develop new farmland
Develop new lands
Population growth
More food
Heavy plow Cuts deep rich soils of N. Eur.
Horse collar Can pull heavier load from chest
Horseshoe Hooves don’t crack from
wet soil
Plow horse works 50% faster & 1-2 more hrsr/day
Cross breeding Larger farm
horses
Serfs scatter & divide land in strips All get at least
some land plowed in time
Horse’s speed along w/th 4-wheeled
wagon 2X area can supply food to
towns
Able to support revival of towns, trade & kings (FC.64)
