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Public Works Administration (PWA)• Created June 1933
• Purposes: To provide jobs
To stimulate demand for materials
To construct long-lasting large-scale projects of social & economic worth
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Public Works Administration (PWA) PWA granted 45% of
labor/material costs; remainder paid by localities/states
PWA also granted $$ to other fed. gov’t agencies
Over $6 billion granted for 34,000 projects nationally
Over $100 million for 922 projects in Texas
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Types of PWA Work ProjectsBuildings (gov’t admin., schools, hospitals, libraries,
public housing, etc.)
Infrastructure (roads, bridges, tunnels, ports/harbors)
Water Reclamation (dams & hydro-electric plants)
Naval Vessels (aircraft carriers, battleships, etc.)
Municipal Sewers & water treatment plants
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Golden Gate Bridge (S.F.)
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Tacoma Narrows Bridge (Wash.)
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Grand Coulee Dam (Wash.)
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Hoover Dam (Ariz.-N.M.)
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Lincoln Tunnel (N.Y.-N.J.)
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Pennsylvania Turnpike
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Chicago’s 1st Subway System
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LSU Stadium & Orange Bowl
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Port of Brownsville
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Mansfield Dam (Lake Travis)
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Slum Clearance/Public Housing (San Antonio)
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Anson (Jones County) High School Auditorium
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UT Main Building & Tower
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Van Zandt County Courthouse (Canton)
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John Peter Smith City-County Hospital (Ft. Worth)
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Terminal & Hangar at Houston Municipal (Hobby) Airport
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PWA Administrator Harold Ickes
Progressive Era reformer & veteran of Chicago politics
Obsessed with avoiding scandal
Meticulous oversight = slow, but steady progress (& criticism)
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Works Progress Administration (WPA)• Created May 1935
• Primary Purpose: to provide jobs, jobs, jobs
• Employed 8 million in US; 600,000 Texans
• ¾ worked on construction projects (usually smaller scale than PWA)
•WPA paid about ¾ of costs
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WPA Administrator Harry Hopkins• NYC social worker
• Unlike Ickes, favored quick start to projects & rapid infusion of wages to workers
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San Francisco Zoo
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Topeka, Kansas High School
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Timberline Lodge, Mt. Hood (Oregon)
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Restored Dock Street Theater (Charleston, SC)
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Nat’l Guard Armory in Tishomingo, Okla.
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Coronado Heights (Central Kansas)
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Fraser Field (Lynn, Mass.)
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Astoria Pool, largest in NYC
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Camp David, Maryland
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Possum Kingdom Arch Bridge (Palo Pinto County)
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Houston City Hall
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Ft. Worth Botanic Gardens
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Dallas & San Antonio Zoo improvement
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Dealey Plaza in Dallas
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San Antonio’s Riverwalk
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Will Rogers Memorial Center (Ft. Worth)
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Art Deco Buildings & Lagoon in Fair Park (Dallas)
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San Jacinto Battlefield Monument
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Corps of Cadets Dorms at Texas A&M
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WPA Gym in Plano (now the Courtyard Theater)
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Mt. Pleasant Country Club (Titus County)
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Robertson Stadium (Univ. of Houston)
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WPA: Non-construction work
• ¼ of WPA workers performed non-construction work
WPA arts projects
Other projects not as well known
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WPA Theater Project
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WPA Writers’ Project
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WPA Music Project: Concerts
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WPA Music Project: Music Classes
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WPA Art Project: Exhibitions
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WPA Art Project: Art Classes
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Post Office Murals (not WPA)
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WPA Archeology Project
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WPA Archeology Processing Lab at UT
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WPA Day Care Facilities
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WPA Archive & Bookbinding Projects
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WPA Library Project: Bookmobiles
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WPA Library Project: Audio Books for the Blind
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)• Created in March 1933,
strongly supported by FDR
• Purpose: to conserve the nation’s natural & human resources
• 2.5 million men ages 18-25 (50,000 in TX), served in 3000 camps
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)• Multiple agencies involved:
Labor Dept. for recruitment
US Army to house & feed enrollees in work camps
Depts. of Interior & Agriculture to oversee work projects in parks & forests
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Building an Ohio State Park road, 1936
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Bridge at Coronado Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)
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Dam in White River Nat’l Forest (Col.)
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Campground in Tonto Nat’l Forest (Ariz.)
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Campsite Gazebo at Whitman Nat’l Forest (Ore.)
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Bathhouse in Teton Nat’l Forest (Wyo.)
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Restroom Facility at Fishlake Nat’l Forest (Utah)
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Campground Cabin at Willamette Nat’l Forest (Ore.)
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Painted Desert Inn at Petrified Forest Nat’l Park (Ariz.)
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Ranger Station at Yosemite (Calif.)
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Red Rocks Amphitheater (outside Denver)
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“Amphitheater” at Sabine Nat’l Forest
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Pavilions at Angelina & Davy Crockett Nat’l Forests
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Access Roads at Big Bend Nat’l Park
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Cabins & Refectory at Garner State Park
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Dam & Refectory at Huntsville State Park
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Swimming Pool & Rec Hallat Abilene State Park
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Structures & Swimming Pool at Bastrop State Park
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Water Tower at Mother Neff State Park
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White Rock Lake (Dallas)
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Indian Lodge in Davis Mountains State Park
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Longhorn Cavern State Park
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Longhorn Cavern State Park
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Mission Excavation/Restoration: Goliad
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Planting Millions of Trees & Fighting Forest Fires
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National Youth Administration (NYA)
•Created May 1935•Open to male & female youth
•Purpose #1:
To provide part-time jobs for 2 million high school & college students (175k in TX)
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Texas NYA Administrator Lyndon Johnson
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NYA Library Assistance
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NYA Office Work at a High School
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NYA Teacher Assistance
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NYA Dance Class in San Marcos
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NYA Athletic Instruction
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National Youth Administration (NYA)
Purpose #2: To aid 2.5 million out-of-school youth aided through various work programs (75k in TX)
Aid = wages + skills training
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La Villita (San Antonio)
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La Villita (San Antonio)
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La Villita (San Antonio)
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Replica Log Cabin at the Witte Museum (San Antonio)
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San Benito (Cameron County) Public Library
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Little Chapel in the Woods at Texas Woman’s University
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NYA Roadside Park in Newton County
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Mixing Cement at an NYA Work Center
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NYA Machine Shop Training
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War Factory Training in Corpus Christi